نشریه مطالعات زبان و ادبیات غنایی
پیاپی 43 (تابستان 1401)

Storytelling and narration are ways to better understand the environment around us and the world in general. That is, the human mind, with its literary power and narrative processing, regulates irrelevant and meaningless data. The study of a story based on its construction is a linguistic study and is both descriptive and an explanation of the literary construction and narrative sham. The purpose of this collection is to study the construction of the story - especially its theme-based on its linguistic features, i.e., narrative opening. From the mysterious world of One Thousand and One Nights, the most impressive themes were selected, and then the opening was described in the selected themes. Needless to say, choosing these themes does not mean that there is no other theme; But also, the choice of themes under the headings of love, crime, sightseeing, story Illusions, and wisdom are evident in most of the stories of One Thousand and One Nights. Rather, a story can have several different themes. In the author's view, the theme was more colorful, selected, and elaborate.

Bizhan Elahi is one of the poets of ‘other poems’ who has paid attention to the aesthetic layer and the rhetorical elements in the collection of ‘Youths’ despite the lyrical language and attention to the element of emotion. In Youths, this entanglement of the two elements of emotion and rhetoric has also spread to the description of the beloved's face and his features and states. The face of the beloved in Bizhan Elahi's Youth is sensual and the kind of love is bodily in his poems. Elahi uses lyrical language in a type of white poetry that is closest to the nature of prose. In this research, the beloved face is described and analyzed, including the eyes, the skin of the beloved’s face, forehead and eyelids, the body and heart of the beloved, and the characteristics, actions and reactions, moods and behaviors of the beloved, including endearment, the mutual love of the lover and the beloved, and how these states get expressed in lyrical and literary language are examined and analyzed. As well, the similarity of the beloved to other phenomena and rhetorical images related to the face, body and characteristics of the beloved are analyzed and described. The aesthetic aspect of the beloved's face, the type of behavior, actions and reactions and the characteristics of the beloved become more and more obvious. In this research, in a descriptive-analytical method, while expressing the poet's descriptions of the beloved, we express the aesthetic layers and rhetorical elements resulting from these descriptions.

Sacrifice is among the oldest religious rituals that has received attention by human beings and its life can be tied to the length of human life. One Thousand and One Nights is important and necessary because it shows a deeper understanding of the human's beliefs and convictions during the past centuries. Various researches have been done about the sacrifice and its types in Persian texts. This article aims to study the types of sacrifices (especially human ones), their goals and methods in the stories of One Thousand and One Nights with a descriptive-library method with content analysis tools and also referring to scientific sources and references, journals, and databases. The results show that all kinds of sacrifices (human and animal) have been common among all religions and its purpose was to ward off calamity, fear of the wrath of the gods, legitimizing the need, a religious practice on the feasts of different religions, making aqeeqah and so on. This ritual act changed after the emergence of divine religions and human intellectual growth, and animals replaced man. It is still prevalent in various communities, especially Muslims, and is becoming something not related to killing the alive creatures.

Beloved's position in sonnet and Persian literature has faced several changes since long ago till now, thus there has been a special approach in various eras of Persian literature also in each poet's poetry based on his/her worldview to beloved and her/his position. This approach has been determinative of poet's worldview. Shah Ne'matollah Vali, 9th century poet, like many other Persian poets have had mystical approach to poem, sonnet and specifically beloved and this writing had been a source of research for finding beloved's position and properties. Furthermore, details and applications of names and characteristics of beloved   has been mentioned in this article and hereby it can be known as an approach for understanding mystical manifestations of Shah Ne'matollah Vali's poetry.

Human states and emotions and the natural and moral effects that afflict man have long appeared in the field of literary works. The concept of "suffering" has long been represented in literary works. But in different eras, "suffering" has had different natures. Physical and material suffering are separate from the suffering of thought, and both are separate from the suffering caused by political and social losses. The present article explains the nature of suffering and its place in the old and new literature and tries to observe this theme in the poems of Naser Khosrow and Parvin Etesami with a comparative method and a descriptive-analytical approach. The results of the discussion show that the material aspect of suffering in Nasser Khosrow's thought is small and has been replaced by suffering due to the lack of thought and wisdom and spiritual suffering of man on earth due to his distance from God. Strike is not indifferent to these sufferings; but he also has a special view on the sufferings caused by political and social issues, as well as human loneliness in the new age. The turning point of the work of the two poets is suffering and ignorance due to irrationality, and the most important difference between them can be seen in this political and social dimension, which distinguishes Parvin from Nasser Khosrow in accordance with the horizon of thought and critical discourses of his time. he does.

The present article examines the Masnavi "Higher Conservatory of Birds" by Yazdi riyazi (1390-1390 AH) based on Eric Fromm's theory of love (1980-1900). "Higher Conservatory of Birds" is a lyrical poem that was composed of the language of birds in a symbolic and allegorical way, in four hundred verses and in seven parts. Forum was the first to discuss the art of making love and to provide a broad field for research and study, offering practical solutions to love. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method based on library tools and using the psychological theory of love of Eric Fromm, aims to answer this main question: how much is Nightingale in love from the point of view of Eric Fromm's psychology? According to the product of the research, the nightingale in the "Higher Conservatory of Birds" is a true lover who endures many hardships in the way of love, and according to Fromm’s theory, traits such as poverty, kindness, sense of responsibility, respect and knowledge are completely in line with the true manifestations of Eric Fromm's true lover.