نشریه مشاوره و روان درمانی خانواده
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 31، بهار و تابستان 1400)

The rapid extent of the internet and the social networks play an important role in the prevalence of internet infidelity in Iranian couples. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of internet infidelity in couples and the role of spiritual well-being, forgiveness, and marital self-disclosure in discriminating the couples with and without internet infidelity. The survey research method was correlation with the discrimination analysis method. The Statistical population included all couples under 40 years old in 4 cities in Iran (N=7000) 387 couples (387 females and 387 males) were selected by stratified random sampling method in 2019. Spiritual Health Paloutzian and Ellison 1991 Decisional and Emotional Forgiveness Hook 2007, Marital Disclosure Waring, Holden et al. 1998 and internet infidelity Docan-Morgan and Docan 2007 Scales were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using discriminant analysis. Results showed that 24.34% of couples (20.90% internet-friendly activities, 16.14% internet emotional activities, and 30.42% internet sexual activities) had internet infidelity and the amount of internet infidelity and its dimensions were higher in men than women. Results showed that marital self-disclosure (especially, sexual and imbalance self-disclosure), spirituality well-being (especially, religious well-being), and emotional forgiveness had a significant role in predicting group membership in couples with and without internet infidelity. In other words, these variables predicted the membership in both groups (P value =0.01). Based on the results of the present study, psychologists and family counselors can identify the predictive variables of internet infidelity, and provide marital counseling by strengthening them.

Marital conflicts increase in the first five years of life and effective interventions are essential to reduce these conflicts.

This study aimed to compare the effect of schema mode therapy  and emotion-focused therapy on communication patterns in new married couples involved in conflict.

The design of this applied research was experimental with a pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population included all couples with marital conflicts who were married for less than 6 years and referred to the private centers of counseling and psychological services (Peivand-e-Zendegi & Andishe) in the city of Astara in 2019. 30 couples (n=60) were divided into two experimental groups and a control group by available sampling and random assignment. The Communication patterns questionnaire (Christensen & Sullaway, 1984) and clinical interview were the instruments in this study. schema mode therapy  (12 sessions of 90 minutes) and emotion-focused therapy (10 sessions of 120 minutes) were implemented. After three months of follow-up, repeated measurement variance analyses were used for the analysis of the hypotheses.

The findings indicated, schema mode therapy increases mutual constructive communication patterns (P>0/01) and reduces the demand-withdraw patterns (P>0/01) in couples. The emotion-focused therapy increases mutual constructive patterns in couples (P<0.01) and reduces mutual avoidance (P<0.05) and demand-withdraw patterns (P<0.01) in them. In addition, schema mode therapy increases more effectively the mutual constructive pattern (P<0.01) and decreases the demand - withdraw pattern (P<0.01) than emotion-focused therapy is more successful than schema mode therapy in reducing mutual avoidance patterns (P<0.01).

Schema mode therapy  and emotion-focused therapy interventions can be used to improve communication patterns in couples involved in conflict.

Autism spectrum disorders are known as one of the most serious and complex psychological disorders in children, that is associated with problems such as deficits in social, verbal, and behavioral relationships, repetitive, stereotypical, and limited movements. These problems harm the process of communication and interactions of these children with others and family members, especially their mothers.

The study aimed to compile a Manual for mother-centered art therapy, and how it affects the mother-child relationship.

The method is a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test-post-test design with a control and follow-up group (two months). Twenty mothers and children with autism spectrum disorders were selected from mothers and children who were referred to the clinic for children with special disorders at Shahid Beheshti University and were randomly assigned to two experimental (N=10) and control groups (N=10). Both groups completed the Pianta Mother-Child relationship scale (Pianta, 1992) in three stages, before and after the intervention and two months after the intervention. Descriptive indices Student t-test and mixed analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the Manual mother-centered art therapy significantly increased the positive relationship between mother and child in the experimental group; increased intimacy (F = 8.49; sig <0.001) and decreased conflict (F = 47.52; sig<0.001) and decreased dependence (F = 13.29; sig <0.001).

Based on the results of the present study, the conflict and dependence in the relationship between mother and child with autism spectrum disorders have decreased and intimacy has increased. As a result, the effectiveness of the mother-centered art therapy manual is confirmed.

Having a good relationship between parents and adolescents is an essential dimension in adolescent growth. The research aimed to investigate The effectiveness of enriching parent- adolescence relationships based on emotionally focused therapy on insecure attachment and adolescent resilience. The research method is the single-case trial of multiple baseline designs. The statistical population of the study was (53 people) including all adolescents who were referred to Tolo-e-Omid Counseling Centers in Ahvaz in 1399. The study sample consisted of three adolescents who were selected using a targeted sampling method. The instruments were The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) and Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read, 1990). The treatment protocol was implemented in 5 sessions. Data were analyzed by visual mapping, constant change index, and recovery percentage. Findings showed that parent-adolescent relationship enrichment training led to a 21.07% (21.07) decrease in insecure attachment style and (37.07%) increase in first adolescent resilience, (19.90)% decrease in attachment style Insecure and (29.60) percent increase in resilience of the second adolescent and (28.03) percent decrease in attachment style were insecure and (23.03) percent increase in resilience in the third adolescent. The rate of stable change index showed that insecure attachment and resilience in all three adolescents showed a significant change. The Pi value was (0.05). These results mean that parent-adolescent relationship enrichment training can improve adolescent life and therapists can use this model in working with adolescents to reduce insecure attachment style and increase resilience in Ahvaz.

Since marital satisfaction affects mental and physical health, life satisfaction, job success, and social communication, it seems necessary to recognize the Effective Factor on the couple's marital satisfaction.

The current study aims to identify effective factors for marital satisfaction.

The study method is based on grounded theory. The study population was satisfied couples in Mashhad in 2019. This grounded theory study was qualitative, so the population number is equal to the participations in this study. Based on the theoretical saturation criterion, 10 couples (20 women and men married together) were selected by purposeful sampling. A semi-structured interview and marital satisfaction questionnaire (Oliya, Fatehizadeh, & Bahram, 2008) were used for data collection. The axial coding method was used to analyze the data collected from the interviews (Strauss & Corbin, 2011). Based on the result of the interviews, the model of satisfied couples was developed and Its validity was reviewed and confirmed by ten professionals in the field of family counseling.

The results indicate that the contextual factors in satisfying couples include two factors: the health of the family of origin and efficient individual characteristics; while causal factors include informed choice as well as informed marriage, and intervention factors include the development of economic assets and economic bankruptcy. There were four categories of strategies including an individual strategy for personal development, strategies for strengthening couples' relationships, strategies for strengthening the relationship with the family of origin, and strategies carried out by families for strengthening couples' relationships.

According to the findings of this grounded theory study psycho-educational manual can be prepared and used to improve marital satisfaction.

Satisfactory marital relationships are an effective tool for creating positive outcomes including physical and mental health in couples and other family members and strength. This study was done to investigate the relationship between love-making style and sexual assertiveness with marriage stability, by the mediating role of emotional intelligence. The method of research was descriptive-correlation with path analysis, and the sampling method was nonrandom and regional/quota sampling. Its statistical population was 753030 married men and women in Mashhad in 2018 (districts 1, 2, 9, and 11 of the municipality) and the sample was 384 married men and women who voluntarily participated in the study after receiving a recall SMS. Applied tools for gathering data were: Marital Instability Index (Edwards, Johnson & Booth, 1983), Sternberg Love Style Scale (Sternberg R.J. 1986), Hulbert Index of Sexual Assertiveness (Hulbert, 1992), Bar-On Emotional Intelligence Inventory (90-Item)( Bar-On, 1998). Pearson correlation coefficient, path analysis, and Bootstrap method were used in statistical analysis by using SPSS-23 and AMOS-23 software. The results showed that marriage stability is predictable based on love-making style and sexual assertiveness by mediating the role of emotional intelligence (P<0.05). Therefore, in couple therapy and family therapy, the relationship between the stability of marital relationships with the mentioned variables is significant.

The process of applied research and experimentation in the second half of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century was not very integrated and its scope deserves research. The present study describes the status of the publication of documents in the field of couple therapy and the mapping of scientific cooperation networks of individuals, organizations, and countries, as well as the mapping of the peer network of reforms in the Scopus database from 1970 to 2020. The method of this research is descriptive and with a bibliometric approach. In this study, 2898 published documents on the subject of couple therapy from the Scopus database were analyzed by bibliography as a thematic search. Data analysis was performed using Scopus database analysis options and VOS viewer imaging software. The research findings show the upward trend in the publication of applied documents in the field of couple therapy in the last 20 years. The top five countries active in scientific production on the subject were the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Australia, respectively. The most productive journals identified were " Journal of Marital and Family Therapy ", " Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology ", " Family Process ", "Journal of Family Psychotherapy" and " Behavior Therapy ", respectively. In addition, there were two prolific writers, Christensen, A, and Johnson, S.M. The evolution of keyword concepts has also been studied in this study. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that in addition to couple therapy, special attention should be paid to the field of psychological education to improve relationships; because at present, the most important issue in the field of couple therapy is in prestigious journals and our country, not enough studies have been done.

Family functioning through self-efficacy mediation might lead to the promotion and improvement of family hardiness among married students. The present study aimed to examine the structural relationships between family Functioning dimensions and family hardiness among married students through the mediating role of self-efficacy.

This study was quantitative and correlational. The statistical population of the study included all married students of universities in Sanandaj in 2019. Based on the targeted sampling method, 500 students (212 men and 288 women) were selected and they completed the scales of  Family hardiness index (McCubbin, Thompson & McCubbin, 1986), family functioning (Epstein, Baldwin, & Bishop, 1983) and general self-efficacy (Jerusalem & Schwarzer, 1992). The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software packages.

The results showed that the hypothetical data model has a relatively good fit and family functioning has a positive and direct effect on family hardiness (p <0.05). Also, family functioning with self-efficacy mediation has an indirect and significant effect on family hardiness (p <0.05).

The findings of this study, along with supporting the hypothetical model for family hardiness, provide a good model for the effect of self-efficacy as a mediating variable in the relationship between family functioning and family hardiness among married students. Accordingly, the dimensions of family functioning through self-efficacy mediation lead to the promotion and improvement of family hardiness among married students of universities in Sanandaj.

Transmitted guilt is a phenomenon that is observed in all family interactions about the roles and tasks defined in the family context and the communication dynamics of parent-child relationships, but its pervasive state causes maladaptive emotional and behavioral patterns.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate children's perceptions of guilt transmitted from parents.

The present study was methodologically qualitative, using grounded theory and targeted and accessible sampling. The study population consisted of girls in the sixties in the winter of 1398 in Tehran. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and used the grounded theory (GT) method to analyze the data. The analysis of the interview data was generally categorized into three axes: how to perceive the guilt transmitted from parents, the grounds for creating the guilt transmitted from parents, and the mechanisms for reducing the guilt transmitted from parents.

The analysis of the interview data was generally categorized into three axes: how to perceive the guilt transmitted from parents, the grounds for creating the guilt transmitted from parents, and the mechanisms for reducing the guilt transmitted from parents. The results of open, axial, and selective coding showed that the perception of guilt includes annoying emotions, maladaptive cognitions, and ineffective action. Individual, familial, and contextual factors play a role in creating a feeling of guilt, and mechanisms to decrease feelings of guilt include insight, compensation, and cut-off.

In addition to increasing the insight into the phenomenon of guilt transmitted from parents and the grounds of its creation, the results can be underlying for further research as well as the designing of educational and therapeutic programs to ease and improve parent-child relationships.