نشریه مطالعات قرآنی و فرهنگ اسلامی
سال ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 23، پاییز 1401)

The root "WSṬ" is a root that is used in various forms in the Holy Quran, and its most important use is reflected in the concept of "ummat-e wasaṭ"(Baqarah/143). The lexicographers have mentioned two separate meanings (middle/superior) and some other marginal meanings for this root. The commentators of the Holy Quran have also expressed different and sometimes scattered opinions based on these meanings under the relevant verses, especially about the ummat-e wasaṭ. Meanings such as justice, chosen one, moderation or mediator between the Ummah and the Prophet (PBUH) are the most important of these opinions. The present research, using the method Etymology, has studied cognates of “wasaṭ” in Semitic languages in order to discover and reveal the semantic components in the root WSṬ and judge between the opinions based on it. This research came to the conclusion that the root WSṬ in Arabic is a Homonymy that is derived from two completely separate roots with two completely different meanings. This root in the phrase "Ummat-e Wasaṭ" does not mean middle or moderate, but means "powerful, leading and superior".

The knowledge of existence is the beginning of reaching divine knowledge; The attributes of life, knowledge, will and power are among the most important levels of existence and are among the names of names or keys of the unseen. Some researchers added the attributes of hearing, sight and speech to it and believe that without these attributes, the meaning of Lordship is not complete. Ferdowsi was a unified poet who mentioned the names of kings and warriors in the midst of small and large mythological, historical and heroic events. Examining the position of the names of names (power, knowledge, life, will, hearing, sight, speech) among the names of 99 Shiite and Sunni hymns, 127 divine names in the Holy Quran and one thousand and one divine names in Joshan Kabir prayer is one of the achievements of this research. . The results showed that Ferdowsi used Persian equivalents close to Quranic concepts and in Shahnameh, the frequency of maternal names is higher than other names. In this research, the maxqda software was used for the statistical and content analysis of Ferdowsi's poems from this point of view, and based on the statistics, Ferdowsi, unlike some theologians who considered the name of Hayat as the greatest name; He used the name "Qadir" more and considered it to be superior to "Life".

In this research we study the explanation of educational program of the Quran and Hadith studies in the academic education system of Iran. For this purpose, we have investigated the occurrence and changes in this academic system between 1986 to 2016, based on the analysis of curriculum documents approved by the Supreme Planning Council of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (ATF). The results of this research show that in the first decade of formation of the academic system of Qur'an and Hadith studies, the educational basic goal was "training human resources and agents familiar with Islamic teachings", with the attitude that the development in the field of islamic studies is achieved in “seminaries”, not universities. Consequently, the emphasis on deriving the "Teachings of the Quran and Hadith" has caused the dominant orientation in academic education to be towards public functions and away from scientific elitism and specialization.

Therefore, investigating the word peace in the field of semantics and conceptual typology of peace and its derivatives is very important. In other words, investigating the meaning of Quranic words with the help of other sciences (interdisciplinary research) is an opportunity to further explore the content of divine knowledge. Based on this necessity, the main question of the research is that peace in the Holy Qur'an has a semantic substitution with which words and with which words does it coexist? In this research, with the benefit of two methods of content analysis and linguistic semantics, the concept of peace from the perspective of the Holy Quran and in other words "Quranic peace" was investigated and it was found that the word peace in the Holy Quran is not only in semantic contrast with war. Rather, it has a meaningful application in the meanings of restoring social and family relations (reformation), removing corruption, avoiding going astray, being worthy of action and not opposing God and His messengers. The meaning of sitting together; And with the words salam, security, good and good, it has a semantic relation of substitution.

Social issues and needs forced the Muslim world in the contemporary century, especially Shia social commentators, to think. by recognizing the needs and issues of the Islamic society, these commentators found the cure in returning to the Qur'an and referring to interpretation with a social attitude and current issues in a way that responds to the needs of the time. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the function of social interpretation, which is done by the method of content analysis and by studying the social interpretations of Shiite commentators. This interpretive approach has been carried out in the framework of the Islamic world's confrontation with social issues in the last century, and the most important function of this interpretation in the commentators' approach is the Responsiveness of the Qur'an to social issues. The boom of cultural studies and anthropology, theorizing in social issues, Compilation of divine systems and traditions, extraction of social jurisprudence rules, Analyzing social damages...As a result of these developments in the thought of Shia social commentators, the Holy Quran was explained based on the needs of the day and more cognitive layers of the Quran were identified.

Living a monotheistic lifestyle based on belief in the oneness of God and the resurrection, and behaving according to such a belief, is the same as stepping on the straight path and a principle for God-centered human beings.  One of the key words for understanding this way of life is "ayeh". The semantic study of this word shows that the main meaning of the verse in the Qur'an is "sign and symbol" which includes examples such as idiomatic verses of the Qur'an and horizon and soul verses. Also, we come to the conclusion that in order to lead to a monotheistic lifestyle, we must follow a path that results in the elaboration of "faith and righteous deeds". Examining the word verse in the Holy Qur'an shows that the straight path is not only worship, just as the divine and monotheistic sciences are not limited to the Qur'anic, interpretive and narrative sciences. in addition to the idiomatic verses, it is equally necessary to pay attention to the horizon and soul verses; it is our duty to discover the laws and traditions of the phenomena in order to respect the Qur'an and walk in the straight path.