نشریه مطالعات دفاعی استراتژیک
پیاپی 90 (زمستان 1401)

According to islam, preparation for confronation with the enmy is an obligatory and necessary issue thet Goad emphasizes in the Guran in sureh Anfal, verse 60: Prepare against them whatever you can of{military} powerd and war-horses, awing therbay the enemy o allah and your enmy.In recent decades, more than ten wars have taken place in the surrounding areas of Iran, the last three of wich have occurred in the neighborhood and near the borders of the Islamic Republi of Iran. The presence of the United States as a hegmonicpower in the Persian Gulf region, in addition to the real interests of this country, should be mentioned as a result of region issue and challenges that in the past ages created the ground for the influence and presenceof world powers in the region and deterrence for I.R.I has becom inevitable so that this presence may in the future lead to military conflict or a full-scale war against I.R.I.The purpose of the study is to explain the lessons learnedfrome the political and diplomaticgoals used in the recent triple wars in Southwest Asia. This research is considered as a case-field research and has been conducted with a mixed approach, descriptive- analytical method.  According to the findings of this study, The must important influential components in southwest Asia are:( strategies, policies, defates, victories, economy, military component, social component and media component).

According to islam, preparation for confronation with the enmy is an obligatory and necessary issue thet Goad emphasizes in the Guran in sureh Anfal, verse 60: Prepare against them whatever you can of{military} powerd and war-horses, awing therbay the enemy o allah and your enmy.In recent decades, more than ten wars have taken place in the surrounding areas of Iran, the last three of wich have occurred in the neighborhood and near the borders of the Islamic Republi of Iran. The presence of the United States as a hegmonicpower in the Persian Gulf region, in addition to the real interests of this country, should be mentioned as a result of region issue and challenges that in the past ages created the ground for the influence and presenceof world powers in the region and deterrence for I.R.I has becom inevitable so that this presence may in the future lead to military conflict or a full-scale war against I.R.I.The purpose of the study is to explain the lessons learnedfrome the political and diplomaticgoals used in the recent triple wars in Southwest Asia. This research is considered as a case-field research and has been conducted with a mixed approach, descriptive- analytical method.  According to the findings of this study, The must important influential components in southwest Asia are:( strategies, policies, defates, victories, economy, military component, social component and media component).

Today, territorial borders are one of the most important national and international issues. Therefore, it will not be wrong if we consider the defense of national and territorial borders as the most important duty of the military forces of any country.  On the other hand, the Supreme Leader of the Revolution , in the gathering of the army commanders on 28/01/2018, pointed out that the armed forces in the Islamic Republic are safe fences for the nation, which are a shield against the enemy's attack and force it to fight. They retreat. The basis of this research was created after the American Global Hawk spy drone over the territorial waters of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its destruction. Therefore, in this research, we first explained the components and collected research information by creating sources, and then the methodology of the research was explained based on the discussed paradigm, that the dimensions and characteristics of the open coding documents were classified and interpreted, and then The qualitative data analysis process in the form of the Strauss and Corbin (1994) school, based on the central and selective coding of the analysis and the results of the qualitative part of the research were reflected in the presentation of the model. Finally, SmartPLS statistical software was used to model structural equations and the research findings showed that military reflection with a path coefficient of 0.814, political reflection with a path coefficient of 0.931, and social reflection with a path coefficient of 0.880 were able to reflect. Explain the global destruction of the American Global Hawk spy drone.

Skills-based trainings in the armed forces suffer from a variety of problems that reduce their efficiency and effectiveness. This study aimed to identify the problems with these trainings by comparing the current and desirable situations in the pedagogical dimensions, components and indicators. This research is a case study with an integrated approach, for which library and field methods were used to collect data. By inferring the skills-based trainings from the six documents mentioned in the conceptual framework, 10 dimensions and 49 components were identified, and 220 effective indicators were obtained for them and then standardized and finalized based on the experts opinions. Then, after determining the references, tools and methods of evaluating skills-based trainings, the gap between the current and desirable situations of each of the indicators and components was described and analyzed based on the data collected from 68 people of the statistical population (in full) in the form of a comprehensive questionnaire and using descriptive statistical methods and chi-square test 2. The research results identified the main problems with skills-based trainings, the first three problems with components were "lack of proper feedback from training courses", "lack of updated trainings" and "students donot have necessary qualification" and the first three problems with indicators were "weakness of learners’ skills in English and Arabic", "poor feedback from the staff’s district" and "lack of educational simulations".

Western civilization and thinking is known as the first degree enemy of the Islamic revolution Therefore, knowing more about the military ideology of the colonial powers and addressing this issue is of particular importance. Since the role of intellectual foundations governing any society is one of the important components in the formation of political thought and, accordingly, its military thought.In order to know the nature and truth of the West, its constituent elements and characteristics must be examined, researched and identified.Therefore, explaining the intellectual foundations of Western military thought is a problem that this article deals with. Accordingly, the main question of this research is: What are the intellectual foundations of Western military thought? In order to answer this question, the research was conducted with a qualitative method and by studying the views of Western thinkers and Western scholars, taken from written works and using Maxquda software. The research findings show that: "Domination of the resources and strategic points of the world", "Military intervention to protect the interests" ,...as the intellectual foundations of the Western military thought, which originate from materialism, have taken 51% of the counted themes. which shows that the fundamental principle of the intellectual foundations of Western thought is materialism. On the other hand, "Imposing war under the pretext of expanding democracy","defensive preventive intervention and preemptive war". As another part of the intellectual foundations of Western military thought, which originate from humanism and 49% of the counted themes have been allocated to themselves This indicates the importance of humanist intellectual foundations in Western military thought.

As one of the most important factors of life, water is one of the commonly uses of humans and has affected their life. Drinking water supply infrastructures are considered one of important infrastructures and both in normal and emergency conditions is a vital part of lifelines. This extra and unprecedented sensitivity is result of increasing demand and scarcity of water resources with appropriate quantity and quality. Now, with the emergence of natural disasters including drought and climate change in our country, the enemy can incite people against the government and sovereignty by abusing these threats and carrying out hostile actions such as psychological operations and creating disruption or eliminating the functioning of drinking water infrastructures to achieve their goals faster and with better results. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to drinking water infrastructure to increase resilience against threats with the approach of homeland security.This study aims to identify components and indicators of resilience of the country's drinking water infrastructure and seeks to find an answer to the question "resilience of the country's drinking water infrastructure with the approach of passive defense ". It is an applied and developmental study with mixed approach, which was carried out using the survey method and expert experiences. In order to achieve the goals of this research, first the most important components and indicators affecting the resilience of the country's drinking water infrastructure is identified by reviewing the research literature, upstream documents, conducting interviews and hold meetings with experts, and then by collecting data and with using structural equations method, the proposed framework was designed through a questionnaire and was presented to the available statistical population of 73 people in a purposeful manner and finally the final research model was presented.Data analysis using structural equations method and based on research findings show that the robustness components (with a path coefficient of 0.684) has the highest effect on the resilience of drinking water infrastructure in the country and after that, the recovery components (with a path coefficient of 0.473), preparedness components (with a path coefficient of 0.416) and stability components (with a path coefficient of 0.306) respectively have the greatest impact.

ne of the influential elements in the national power of countries, air power and the ranking of countries from this point of view in the international system is of particular importance because the awareness of countries about the amount of air power of their own and other countries helps them to adopt appropriate strategies to pursue national goals at the global level. It will help a lot and this directly affects the geopolitical weight of the countries. In this article, an attempt was made to calculate the factors of air power affecting the geopolitical weight of countries in two dimensions, "structural" and "functional", with a descriptive-analytical method (in a statistical population of 116 experts and specialists in the field of military and civil aviation). In conclusion, it was found that while there is a significant relationship between air power and the geopolitical weight of countries, the most important factors of air power affecting the geopolitical weight of countries are: "artificial intelligence, offensive and defensive capabilities, aerospace industries, training and support capabilities and "service".

One of the characteristics of the geoeconomic era is the importance of economics in the global arena. Geoeconomics studies the influence of economic factors or infrastructures in the country, regional or global environment on political decisions and power struggles and the influence of these factors on the formation of regional or global geopolitical structure. And by using space and geographical places and marine environment, it increases the geopolitical weight of a country. The present article explains the role of geoeconomic factors in promoting the geopolitical weight of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Persian Gulf. This article is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. Data collection was done by library method and survey method and data analysis was done by mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative method). The statistical population of the study was aware of geoeconomic and geopolitical issues, including 66 people and was selected in full. Research results show. Geographical factors (maritime location, suitable beaches, communication location) and coastal economy (energy resources, coastal and marine fisheries and aquaculture, coastal-maritime tourism, foreign direct investment, shipbuilding and scrap industries, port development from Generation 2 to Generation 3 and 4, Trade and Maritime Transport, Coastal Free Trade-Industrial Zones and Residential Structures in the Persian Gulf as Geo-Economic Factors each play a decisive role in promoting Iran's geopolitical weight.