دانش نامه علوم سیاسی
پیاپی 8 (پاییز 1401)

This research is written with a descriptive-analytical method with the aim of investigating the role and influence of the Internet and social networks in the occurrence of the Egyptian revolution. The importance of this matter, on the one hand, is related to Egypt's position in the developments of the Arab world and its regional role in West Asia and North Africa, and on the other hand, to the effect of the expansion of the use of the Internet and social networks in the political environment and its effect on the governance of governments, especially the authoritarian governments of the Arab world. It will return. The expansion of communication tools provides the possibility of networking among society and social networks are considered as an effective force in the social and political phenomena of societies. Therefore, the political and social changes in the Arab world, which in the political literature with different titles such as "Islamic Awakening", "Arab Spring" or "Arab Revolutions" It is remembered that since December 2010, it has affected a large part of West Asia and North Africa, especially Egypt, and has raised very important questions about the role of communication and media tools in new political and social movements. Therefore, one of the important issues in the field of political and social developments is the role of social networks and new media. Considering the growing importance of social networks in political and social developments, the question of the current research is what effect did social networks have on the Egyptian revolution? In response to this question, the hypothesis of this article is that social networks as a tool for building power by creating a network of disaffected people and increasing the political and social awareness of the Egyptian people have contributed to the revolution in Egypt. The purpose of this article is to examine the changes made in the field of governance following the expansion of the use of the Internet among societies, in this paper the Egyptian society.

In this article, we seek to examine the foreign policy of the United States of America towards Iran in the era of Obama and Trump based on the theory of aggressive realism. Aggressive realism seeks to answer the mystery of security, and in the meantime, the only way to achieve convincing security is the constant increase in power, so that in the light of those countries, by gaining relative power, they can achieve relative security (compared to others). This theory has the greatest ability to explain the foreign policy of the United States towards Iran during the period under study. This research, with a descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to answer the question, what was the foreign policy of the United States of America towards Iran in the era of Obama and Trump based on the theory of aggressive realism? In response to the mentioned question, this hypothesis is proposed:

The foreign policy of governments in the regional and international arena can be a guide for the country's actions to achieve national security and interests. The current research aims to examine the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran and analyze it pathologically and opportunistically at the level of the Middle East region. Therefore, the main question of this research, which was compiled using a descriptive-analytical method, is that the opportunities and challenges of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran What is in the Middle East region? The findings show that the challenges of Iran's foreign policy include geopolitical competitions, ethnic, religious and sectarian conflicts, the presence of trans-regional powers (America) in the Middle East, Shia and Iranophobia, and foreign policy opportunities include strategic geographic location, Shi'ism, public diplomacy. Is.

The issue of peace and war has been the focus of various thinkers for a long time. Establishing peace in relations between governments and societies has been one of the historical challenges of mankind, and different views have been proposed in this direction. This research intends to look at the perspective of several paths other than the government and international organizations to establish peace. The included paths include the economic and trade path, the civic and citizen path, the research and education path, the religion path, and the communication and media path; Therefore, in a descriptive and analytical way, the question of the research is, which ways can peace be achieved? The findings show that the paths of peace can be used side by side despite the diversity.

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is one of the symbols of regional integration in post-Cold War Eurasia. This organization was formed in 2001 with specific goals that were based on security, and currently it has spread to other areas such as economic. With the beginning of the process of entering Iran as a new member, the question of this research is that according to the areas of cooperation and goals of the Shanghai Organization, what range of security and economic consequences will Iran's permanent membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization entail? The findings of the article show that power relations are a central variable in the creation of Shanghai's security and economic regime, and relative achievements have played a key role in shaping the behavioral model of organization members. Iran's permanent membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization can have security, economic and political benefits.