Journal of Vessels and Circulation
Volume:3 Issue: 1, Winter 2022

Considering that the use of port catheters in long-term treatments and the quality of life (QoL) of patients with special conditions, including children, is particularly important, we decided to investigate the effect of the length of the port catheter on the duration of its performance in children.

All the files of patients referred to the Surgery Department of Hazrat Masoumeh (PBUH) hospital, who underwent catheterization, were examined by observing the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria included patients aged 14 years or younger with proven acute leukemia and the need for long-term intravenous access, survival of more than one week at the time of the patient’s entry into the study, and undergoing aggressive chemotherapy. The exclusion criteria included any contraindication to surgery or local anesthesia, sensitivity to lidocaine or anesthetics, evidence of any contraindication to using a subcutaneous catheter, clinical superior vena cava syndrome, and any mass or anatomical anomaly. A pediatric surgeon performed all ports. In the last stage, all the information related to the research was extracted from the existing files of these patients and analyzed with SPSS software, version 22.

In this study, the infection rate was 4(3.3%), bacteremia rate 5(4.2%), and thrombosis 13(10.8%). No statistically significant relationship was observed between the frequency of catheter port complications (infection, bacteremia, and thrombosis) with the gender of the patients or the catheter length. Furthermore, it was found that with the increase in the length of the catheter port, the time of complications also increased, and this increase was statistically significant.

Considering the complications of catheter port, the correct way to use and how to take care of the catheter during the treatment of patients should be optimally done.

Currently, cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, are one of the leading causes of death in humans worldwide. In the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East, including our country, cardiovascular diseases are major health and social problems, the size of which is rapidly increasing. Due to the growth of medical technologies, population growth, and lifestyle changes, studying the consequences and costs of healthcare is a critical issue in the health system. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes and costs of revascularization interventions (angioplasty and surgery) and medical therapy in cardiovascular patients.

This is a descriptive applied study. Patients after angiography and diagnosis according to the available guidelines were treated by one of the three methods of angioplasty (644 patients), surgery (366 patients), and medical therapy (805 patients) in a public hospital in Iran. The data collection tool includes a questionnaire to collect demographic, clinical and cost information of patients. Quantitative variables, such as age and costs, in the form of Mean±SD, and qualitative variables, in the form of percentage and frequency, were presented and compared. The final result of the costs was in the form of average direct costs in coronary artery surgery, angioplasty, and drug therapy were extracted and reported using SPSS software. The considered complications are the occurrence of death, heart attack, and stroke as safety outcome (SO) and performing revascularization (angioplasty or coronary bypass operation) and disease progression confirmed by re-angiography as effectiveness outcome (EO).

Out of 1815 patients studied, 790 patients (43.5%) experienced at least one of the following outcomes, 101 deaths (5.6%), 170 heart attacks (9.4%), 38 strokes (2.1%), 201 angioplasty (11%), 116 cases of coronary artery bypass grafting (6.4%), and 164 cases of new coronary artery involvement (9%). The frequencies of complications in the treatment subgroups were as follows: in the medical therapy group, 101 deaths (12.5%), 140 cases of SO (17.3%), and 223 cases of EO (27.7%); in the angioplasty group, 97 deaths (15%), 92 cases of SO (14.3%), and 167 cases of EO (25.9%), and in the surgical group, 38 cases of death (10.4%), 77 cases of SO (21%), and 91 cases of EO (24.9%). The probability of medical therapy for angioplasty and surgery during 8 years was 10.2% and 9.8%, respectively. Also, the probability of angioplasty for re-angioplasty and surgery was 12.3% and 4.3%, respectively, and the probability of surgery for re-angioplasty and surgery was 10.9% and 2.5%, respectively. The average cost of direct treatment (hospitalization) in the group of percutaneous coronary intervention was 148 million rials; in the group of the coronary artery bypass graft, it was 215 million rials, and in the group of medical therapy, it was 42 million rials.

Patients with coronary artery disease have a more than 43% chance of developing cardiovascular complications within 8 years after diagnosis. Patients treated with angioplasty had fewer complications. Also, surgical treatment costs are higher than the other two treatments. Cardiovascular diseases are a group of diseases with high costs and heavy economic burdens on society and the family. Health policymakers can limit the costs and outcomes of the disease by using resources efficiently and effectively by expanding screening and self-care programs.

Recent research has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) can be regarded as new biomarkers for metabolic and angiogenesis-related diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training on the expression of miRNAs associated with adipose tissue angiogenesis in rats with a high-fat diet.

Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (each with 10 rats): normal diet, normal diet+resistance training, high-fat diet, and high-fat diet+resistance training. The resistance training groups performed 5 sessions of resistance training protocol each week for 8 weeks. After one week of familiarity with ladders, in the 2nd week, weights of 30% of body weight were attached to the rats’ tails, which gradually reached about 180% of their body weight by the end of 8 weeks. To evaluate the effect of resistance training and a high-fat diet on miR-221, miR-222, miR-329, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) variables, sampling of mesenteric adipose tissue was performed immediately after killing the animals.

The levels of miR-221, miR-222, and VEGF in the resistance training group+normal diet and resistance training group+high-fat diet increased significantly compared to the control groups (P=0.001, and P=0.001, respectively). However, no significant difference was observed in any groups regarding miR-329 (P=0.103).

The results showed that resistance training increased microRNAs levels associated with adipose tissue angiogenesis in rats on a high-fat and normal diet.

Angiogenesis is the most important foundation of exercise-induced hypertrophy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of different muscle tension training on some microRNAs related to angiogenesis and muscle hypertrophy in bodybuilders.

The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design. The study groups included resistance training group 1 (10 people), resistance training group 2 (10 people), and the control group (10 people). The study subjects were selected from male bodybuilders who have done regular training for at least three years and are aged between 25 and 30 years. The study was explained to them, and 48 hours before and after the test, 5 mL of blood was taken from each sample. Descriptive statistics, including Mean±SD, charts and tables, and inferential statistics, including analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc test, were performed using SPSS software. First, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data. Then, to compare the differences between the groups, the ANOVA was used, and if it was significant, the Bonferroni post hoc test was used.

This study showed that resistance groups 1 and 2 significantly increased miR-1 in bodybuilders. Also, group 1 had a greater effect than resistance group 2. The results showed that resistance training in different time points and sets had different effects on molecular pathways of hypertrophy. So, two hours after resistance training, mir-1 levels did not increase significantly, but 4 hours after resistance training, the levels of these microRNAs increased. This study showed that group 1 had a more significant effect on miR-206 levels than resistance group 2.

The results of this study indicated that resistance training significantly increases the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels of bodybuilders. Also, the results showed that in group 2, an increase in VEGF levels led to a greater effect on angiogenesis in these samples.

COVID-19 is an acute respiratory illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A few studies with conflicting results have been performed to evaluate the relationship between the use of angiotensin system inhibitors and COVID-19 outcomes. Therefore, this study was performed to compare the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in two groups of patients treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and the control group (no history of ACEIs/ARBs) in Kamkar and Shahid Beheshti hospitals in Qom City, Iran from March 14, 2019, to the end of September 21, 2020.

This retrospective descriptive study was performed by reviewing the medical record of 359 patients with COVID-19, which was confirmed by a physician via lung scan or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We used the independent t test to compare quantitative variables and the Chi-square test to analyze qualitative variables.

The common clinical symptoms, number of hospitalization days, oxygen saturation, and lung involvement were not significantly different between the two groups. Weakness, nausea, and sweating were significantly reduced in the control group compared to the ACEIs/ARBs group (P<0.05). Regarding the biochemical study, the patients’ hemoglobin levels and lymphocyte count on the first day of hospitalization in the ACEIs/ARBs group were significantly lower than the control (P<0.05)

These findings do not provide evidence of adverse or beneficial effects of angiotensin system inhibitors, so we require more detailed studies with a larger sample size.

Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is the leading cause of death worldwide. The nursing process based on the Roy adaptation model is widely used to solve the problems caused by chronic diseases. This study aimed to adapt the model performed on patients with hypertension.

The study was conducted in the autumn of 2021 in one of the hospitals of Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom City, Iran. A patient with hypertension was examined, and a Roy model was performed on him. Nursing care was performed based on the Roy nursing process in 6 stages.

The study showed that the patient had maladaptive behaviors in four modes (physiological needs, adaptation of self-concept, role function, and independence and dependence). After nursing care based on the Roy adaptation model, maladaptive behaviors decreased.

According to the present study results, nursing care based on the Roy model can affect the physical, psychological, and maladaptive behaviors of patients with hypertension. In this regard, Nurses can play a more effective role in improving the maladaptive behaviors of these patients by applying nursing care based on the adaptation model.

Pulmonary embolism because of hydatid cysts is a very uncommon and lethal complication caused by a hydatid heart cyst rupture or a visceral hydatid cyst released into the venous circulation. By utilizing contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hydatid pulmonary embolism can be differentiated from other types of pulmonary embolism. MRI mainly displays the cystic nature of lesions better than CT. Pulmonary embolism should be kept in mind in patients with hepatic hydatidosis if there is a sudden occurrence of chest pain and dyspnea, particularly in regions where hydatidosis is endemic. This report aims to present the clinical and radiographic features and discuss the diagnosis and treatment procedure of our patient.

Here, we report a 45-year-old man with pulmonary embolism as a consequence of a ruptured hydatid liver cyst in the inferior vena cava. Multiple intra-arterial pulmonary hydatid cyst emboli originating from a hepatic hydatid cyst ruptured into the hepatic portion of the inferior vena cava were seen in our patient. The patient refused the surgical treatment. Therefore, the patient was treated using Andazol (Albendazole) and Cetirizine hydrochloride.

The present case is interesting because pulmonary embolism caused by hydatid cysts is a very uncommon clinical entity. There may be difficulties in diagnosing and treating hydatid cysts, and a definitive diagnosis was possible only by a histopathological examination.