نشریه فقهی و حقوقی عرشیان فارس
پیاپی 3 (پاییز 1401)

The belief in intercession among Muslims is so firm that if we ask any scholar and layman about this, they will consider it as one of the beliefs of the Islamic religion, and in prayers, they resort to the intercession of divine saints. In this article, the possibility of intercession is proven with rational reasons and descriptive and analytical method, and since the audience of this article is Muslims, and in order to confirm the topics, references to the verses of the Holy Quran have also been made. Then, we have criticized the Wahhabi sect's beliefs about intercession in the form of problems, and we have investigated and answered them, and we have made the incorrectness of each one based on a rational argument or a well-argued argument. The basic doubts of Wahhabism with the answers of each of them that have been examined in this article, are briefly:

1- Why does the just God forgive the sinful eagle with the intercession of Shafi and forgives him? Answer: Losing one's right is right for every wise person, and God deals with every attribute of a being (ability and talent) with his special current attribute, and here with his grace instead of his justice, he forgives the sinner who is prone to intercession. .

2- Intercession causes the sinners to have the courage to commit crimes, and is this a violation of the purpose? Answer: Repentance and divine forgiveness are also like this, but these matters and intercession give hope to the sinner.

3- Why don't we ask for intercession from God himself, otherwise we have become partners with him? Answer: The path that has been determined by the law of the kingdom of the world and has been legislated by God, passes through the channel of the innocents so that our devotion, love and role model towards them will increase. In addition, polytheism in worship is ruled out with this explanation, because the innocent are not independent in submission, but dependent on the command of the same God, we seek intercession from his guardian

Rituals and cultures, as well as different historical periods, have not enjoyed the same status and rights. The extent of their rights in all societies depends on conditions such as religious, cultural, economic and social relations of each period. Today, the issue of children's rights has received special attention in various legal systems and international regulations. The need to recognize the rights of the child, on the one hand, is rooted in the idea that human justice has a fundamental and central role for him to achieve personal and social happiness, and on the other hand, from the physical and mental weakness and underdevelopment of the child in fulfilling the rights. himself and as a result, his need for support and special care before and after birth arises. These rights have been examined from various aspects and in different branches of law and have legal, social, cultural, political and economic dimensions in the national and international arena. A child means a young person who has not yet grown up and matured. The word baby (if it does not mean child) is also mostly used in the same sense. The term "infant" has a more specific meaning and is simply referred to the infant period of the child. Baby also refers to the period of infancy and shortly after. In Arabic, the words "tifle" and "saghir" are synonyms of "baby", the word "ra'ee" means an infant, and the word "sabi" sometimes means a child and sometimes means an infant. In different legal systems, a child is defined by different criteria. In most of the new legal systems, the definition of a child refers to a person's age, and age is the only factor that distinguishes childhood from adulthood; However, in Islamic jurisprudence and law, the end of childhood refers to the maturity of a person, which means the beginning of a stage of life that, on the one hand, occurs with the emergence of some physical changes, including the flowering of the sexual instinct, preparation for birth and reproduction, and on the other hand, On the other hand, intellectual, perceptive and psychological powers develop. Maturity is the criterion of entering from childhood to adulthood, and age is only one of the indicators of maturity. In this research, we will discuss children's rights in detail from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and the subject laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

One of the important issues of the legal community is the protection of children against physical injuries. Many laws have been approved in this regard in international organizations and the Islamic Council because they are people who are unable to recognize and defend themselves against the dangers caused by surrounding objects and need protection. In this article, we will try to address the negligence of the parents towards their children, which leads to their death while they are responsible for their care, and examine the legal responsibility of public institutions in preventing and punishing the perpetrators. The question that arises is the fault of the parents in this regard, is it a crime?􀀃If it is a crime, what punishment has the legislator considered for it, and can the public prosecutor follow up on the matter or does it require a private plaintiff's complaint? In other words, is the crime public or not? In these cases, innocent children die due to unnatural events, and the case is usually referred to as suspicious death by reporting the case to the prosecutor's office to issue a burial permit by referring him to the forensic pathologist. Therefore, the point of discussion is where the fault lies with the child's parents. Customary necessities, fairness and moral values, due to the special conditions of children and parents, reduce the criminal responsibility of parents towards their children and cause the society to deal with the issue with tolerance.􀀃On the other hand, the existence of some unfortunate social realities such as children with bad guardians, it is necessary for parents' responsibility to have a practical aspect .

The emergence of the concept of citizenship can be considered to coincide with the emergence of the first governments. Governments get their credit and power from the citizens and in return they have duties and responsibilities towards the citizens. The citizen also has reciprocal duties in relation to the government. Imam Khomeini, the late founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, has fundamental views regarding the rights of citizens. His theoretical approach is based on the rights of the Ummah. Based on this insight, the authors examine and explore the three central rights in the field of citizenship rights (freedom, justice and security) and the rights derived from them, relying on the Imam's thoughts.

 Man is the only creation of God, who according to his free will, in order to achieve happiness and perfection, he needs a law and a comprehensive plan that can bring him to his goal according to all aspects of his existence. Jurisprudence and ethics constitute a set of laws which are authored by God and he established them according to all dimensions of human existence and his optional actions. Therefore, they have a special importance and position. Regarding the relationship between morality and jurisprudence, three forms can be imagined: the distinction between morality and jurisprudence, the conflict between morality and jurisprudence, and the complementarity of morality and jurisprudence. According to the investigations, the third relationship between these two sciences is true, and the following reasons can be pointed out to prove it: including the fact that ethics is based on the law because it is not possible to purify the inside without correcting the outside, and the fact that ethics has a direct relationship with human beliefs and an indirect relationship with jurisprudence, as well as the mention of moral teachings along with jurisprudence is the best executive guarantee to act on It is jurisprudence. In order to examine the relationship between these two sciences, since there is a need for information about them, first, preliminary mentions regarding the subject, method, and goal of these two sciences have been made, and in the next step, the relationship between these two sciences has been examined. Today, morals and rules are mixed together. Of course, this combination does not mean the complete observance of ethics in politics, but it means the ratio that must exist between the two. Either morals are followed or not. This concern still exists in society today. It can be said that in Islam, it has always been ordered to observe ethics, justice and humanity in matters of rulings, jurisprudence and law

In the term of jurists, it means to entrust capital to another for business; Without the fact that the agent is assigned a share or a wage in its profit and loss, contrary to mudaraba where the agent is a partner in the profit of the business. In this article, with the aim of examining the concept of the contract of marriage from the perspective of Imami jurisprudence, an attempt has been made to explain the characteristics of the contract, the documentation of its legitimacy, while examining the concept of marriage of marriage; And through this review, the elements and conditions for the fulfillment of this contract have been determined.