مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 118، Winter 2023)

 Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection worldwide; although it is treated by a 5-nitroimidazole drug family such as metronidazole (MTZ) with numerous side effects, and in this regard, alternative new drugs are required. Therefore, this study examined the anti-Trichomoniasis effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of some traditional medicinal plants of Iran in vitro.

 In this experimental study, the hydroalcoholic extracts of medicinal plants were prepared by maceration at a stock concentration of 20 mg/mL in the saline solution and then used for in vitro anti-trichomonas experiments. Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites were isolated from the patient and cultured in a Trypticase Yeast extract Iron-Serum-33 medium. In addition, 200 μL of the culture medium containing 5×104 trophozoites was diluted in plate wells, and 10 doses were separately added on trophozoites for each extract serially diluted between 0.12 and 16 mg/mL in triplicate. The plates were incubated for 48 hours at 37 ° C with 5% CO2 . The number of trophozoites was counted with a hemocytometer and Trypan blue staining. Finally, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated by probit analysis.

 Among the tested plants, Eugenia caryophyllata, Camellia sinensis, and Terminalia chebula Retz showed the best anti-trichomonal activity with IC50 values of 1.21, 1.62, and 1.66 mg/mL, respectively. All tested extracts had more IC50 than MTZ (IC50 100 mg/mL), an antiprotozoal drug used as a positive control.

 According to the results of this study, E. caryophylata, C. sinensis and T. chebula Retz affected the growth of T. vaginalis. Thus, it is recommended that other studies use this plant for the treatment of trichomoniasis infection.

 Sexual satisfaction (SS) and a desirable quality of sex life are known as prerequisites for the physical and mental health of individuals. This study was designed to evaluate the role of the first childbirth and its associated factors in life satisfaction and the quality of life of married women in Shahrekord.

 This self-control cohort study was conducted on 124 married women who were planning to have their first pregnancy from January 2018 to February 2019. The convenience sampling method was used to select the samples. The questionnaires utilized in this research included the Demographic Information Questionnaire, the Married Women’s Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire, and the Sexual Quality of Life-Female Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by independent t test, chi-square, and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS, version 22.

 The mean scores of SS and the quality of sexual life before pregnancy and one year after delivery were 63.45±13.62 and 52.38±13.59, as well as, 88.40±14.19 and 71.08±13.29, respectively. In this study, there was a significant relationship (P±0.041) between changing the quality of sexual life and good economic status of individuals, as well as irregular menstrual status and contraceptive methods (natural birth control). Further, the relationship between residence and change in SS was significant so that people living in cities had the most change in SS compared to those living in rural areas (P±0.046).

 SS and its dimensions, including physical and psychological barriers, dominant cultural values, and husband-related factors, as well as the mean score of the quality of sex life one year after delivery, were lower than before pregnancy.

 Noise has many psychological effects. Although different studies have so far focused on various psychological effects, they have not evaluated communication skills and cognitive triad. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of noise exposure and noise annoyance on communication skills and cognitive triad.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted on 65 workers in 2021. The equivalent sound level (LeqA) was determined using dosimetry. Based on LeqA, noise exposure was divided into permissible and impermissible types. Noise annoyance was measured by the numerical rating scale recommended by ISO/TS 15666:2003. The Communication Skills Questionnaire and Cognitive Triad Inventory were used for data collection. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 24 using an independent samples t test and Spearman correlation test.

 The mean (±standard deviation) age of workers was equal to 33.87 (±5.95) years. The results of the correlation test showed a positive and significant relationship between LeqA and noise annoyance (P<0.001, r=0.82). Based on the results of the independent samples t test, there was no significant difference in the scores of communication skills (P=0.11) and cognitive triad (P=0.93) in the two groups.

 In this study, a positive and significant relationship was found between noise exposure and noise annoyance. In addition, communication and cognitive skills were not significantly different in the two study groups. To accurately determine the relationships of variables, it is recommended to conduct similar studies with larger sample sizes while considering variables such as personality traits and social intelligence.

 Gestational diabetes has long-term adverse consequences for both the mother and child and seems to be a risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. However, no research has been conducted in this regard in Iran.

 This was a case-control study. The sample consisted of 225 children who were referred to the general and psychiatric clinic of Besat Hospital in Sanandaj and were evaluated for a history of maternal diabetes in the fetal period. The diagnosis of ADHD in children was based on a structured clinical interview with Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) by a psychiatrist and a short and revised form of Conners’ parent scale. The data were analyzed using Stata 14.

 The results showed that 25.3% of the mothers of children with ADHD had gestational diabetes during pregnancy, and 17.3% were taking diabetes medication. However, the results revealed that there is no statistically significant relationship between the history of gestational diabetes and ADHD (P=0.427). Furthermore, the logistic regression results demonstrated that the place of residence (P<0.027, OR=8.351) increases the probability of suffering from ADHD in children, while the age of the mother during pregnancy (P<0.031, OR=0.907) decreases the probability of the child suffering from ADHD.

 Although cohort studies have associated gestational diabetes with an increased risk of ADHD in children, the results of this case-control study do not support this association.

 Primary hypertension, an unexplained increase in blood pressure (BP), accounts for 90% of the cases of hypertension and remains a critical public health challenge. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 12-week resistance training (RT) on some vasodilators and vasoconstrictors in hypertensive men.

 This is a semi-experimental study. A total of 40 middle-aged men (45.3±3.2 years) with moderate hypertension (systolic BP [SBP] 140.5±0.3 and diastolic BP [DBP] 90.7±0.0 mm Hg) were randomly divided into the RT (n=20) and non-exercise control (n=20) groups. The 12-week dynamic RT program was performed at an intensity of 80% of one repetition maximum for 3 days per week (3 sets of 8 repetitions/3 days a week). Blood samples were taken from both groups at baseline and weeks 4, 8, and 12.

 SBP and DBP decreased by -8.19±2.46 mm Hg (P=0.039) and -1.19±0.02 mm Hg (P=0.033) from baseline at week 12 in the RT group, respectively, compared to the control group (SBP; 8.22±2.49, P=0.04; DBP; -1.19±0.03, P=0.032). Adiponectin, apelin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) serum levels increased from baseline at weeks 8 (P=0.01) and 12 (P=0.01), while endothelin-1 (ET-1) and H2 O2 decreased from baseline at weeks 8 (P=0.01) and 12 (P=0.01) in the RT in comparison to the control group.

 Overall, 12-week RT led to an increase in apelin, ANP, PON-1, and adiponectin. Increasing these markers reduces H2 O2 and ET-1, thus decreasing SBP and DBP in hypertensive men.

 Managers play a vital and decisive role at the heart of organizations because they are considered the most important competitive advantage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design a model for the specific competence model of the top managers of medical science universities in Iran.

 This applied, exploratory research was done using qualitative-inductive approach and the Strauss and Corbin basic theory method in the medical sciences universities of Iran from 2019 to 2022. The study population of this grounded theory-based qualitative research consisted of 17 individuals selected from among the chancellors and vice-chancellors of medical universities in Iran using purposive sampling.

 The findings indicated 19 general categories in a model, including causal conditions (targeted organization, organizational indicators, competence factors, and individual factors), and central phenomenon (specific competence of senior managers). The other categories were underlying conditions (organizational characteristics, environmental field, external macro factors, and components of economic competence), and intervening conditions (personality traits, managerial intelligence, and management of changes and time). The remaining categories encompassed strategies (competence factors, education and talent management, managerial factors, standardization, and organizational factors) and consequences (organizational and national development in the field of health, medicine and welfare, society, and service management).

 The competencies of managers, as the key human resource, are extremely important for the success of the organization. The findings of this study demonstrated that the specific competencies of senior managers can be used as an indicator.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused various psychosocial problems in many people worldwide. Patients with cancer are at higher risk of dying from COVID-19 because of their physical conditions. For this purpose, this research focused on reviewing studies on the quality of life (QoL) in cancer patients during the outbreak of COVID-19.

In this study, several keywords, including cancer, quality of life, and COVID-19, in the abstract and title of articles published in 2020 (May) and 2022 (June) in reputable international scientific databases were searched in Google Scholar, ISI, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed databases. The PRISMA checklist was used to review the quality of the articles.

Based on the reviewed studies, it was found that cancer patients had high levels of depression, anxiety, insomnia, stress, and death anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Home quarantine, fear of COVID-19, and limited access to a doctor and medication also reduced the QoL of cancer patients. Female gender, low income, old age, inappropriate lifestyle, lack of social support, low level of education, physical activity, marital status, and duration of illness were among the factors aggravating mental disorders in cancer.

The findings indicated a decrease in the QoL in cancer patients. Given that it is unclear how long COVID-19 mutates as a pandemic, tele-mental health care is one of the solutions that can improve the QoL of cancer patients by providing timely services.

Extramedullary plasmacytoma is a rare and unusual complication of multiple myeloma (MM). Some sites for the extramedullary involvement of MM are the liver, spleen, lymph node, lung, and skin. Renal failure is another complication of MM due to myeloma kidney, uric acid nephropathy, hemoconcentration, or light chain disease. This study reported a case of MM with unusual presentation. She was a 61-year-old woman who was admitted to the internal ward due to severe renal failure, anemia, mild proteinuria, hypertension, thrombocytopenia, and soft tissue mass in both lungs in the spiral computed tomography (CT) scan. In the skull X-ray, there was not any lytic lesion. Further, plasma cells greater than 30% were observed in serum protein electrophoresis pick of gamma region and in the bone marrow aspiration, so the final diagnosis of the patients was MM with extramedullary plasmacytoma.

Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is a rare adult neoplasm. The primary treatments for UESL are total surgical resection and adjuvant multiagent chemotherapy. The current study presents a case of UESL in a 9-year-old female with abdominal pain and fever as her first symptoms. A cystic mass with solid components was discovered on sonography and computed tomography (CT) imaging. The patient underwent tumor removal surgery in addition to a liver lobectomy on the right side. The pathologist reported a single-focal cystic solid mass confined to the liver with no capsular invasion, and the final diagnosis based on the immunohistochemistry (IHC) results was UESL. The patient received chemotherapy, and she is doing well eight months after surgery with no signs of recurrence. In conclusion, large cystic hepatic lesions should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Despite the poor prognosis of UESL, aggressive surgical resection should be the most important factor in ensuring long-term survival.