نشریه انرژی ایران
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 94، بهار 1401)

The present study, in addition to investigating the impacts of GDP and gasoil consumption as the biggest consumed petroleum product in Iranian transportation sector, by introducing petroleum product intensity, studied their effects on CO2 emission in this sector.  To evaluate the impact of the variables, we estimated an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model between the years 1996 and 2018. The results of our estimations showed that in long run, gasoil consumption, petroleum product intensity, and GDP respectively are the most important factors affecting CO2 emission in the transportation sector of Iran. While in short run, GDP and the amount of gasoil consumption were the most important factors. Considering the findings of our study and to cope with the increasing trend of CO2 emission in Iran transportation sector, improving the quality of Gasoil, moving towards clean fuels, declining the petroleum products intensity through enhancing trucks and heavy vehicles engine technology, and renovations of the fleet are recommended to the Iranian energy and environmental policymakers.

One of the important issues in the current situation of the country, is the fair distribution of energy subsidies among different segments of society. For many years, Iran has always been one of the countries with the largest share of payments in the distribution of energy subsidies (ranked first in the world in 2020), but due to the purposefulness of the subsidy distribution system, not only has the distribution of wealth not been done fairly and efficiently, but also it has led to reduction in the general government budget, increasement in energy consumption (energy intensity’s increasement), energy rationing, energy smuggling, increasement in environmental pollution, and decreasing in energy efficiency in recent years. Liberalization of energy carrier prices and redistribution of the resulting resources is one of the approaches that is always mentioned as one of the ways out of this situation, but if it is not accompanied by social satisfaction, it can lead to irreparable costs similar to the events of recent years. But the key to solving the problem lies in answering the question: how much energy subsidy each consumer is eligible to receive? Answering this important question brings to mind an important tool called rating to measure the eligibility of consumers to receive any facilities, including energy subsidies. In the present study, relying on the rating literature, which is more than one hundred years old in the world economic system, a new system under the title of Intelligent Energy Subsidy Distribution System or Energy Subsidy Distribution System based on rating is introduced and the necessary indicators for measuring consumers are explained. Indicators are divided into three categories: financial indicators (ten items), energy economic indicators (six items), and environmental indicators (six items). Undoubtedly, the government, as one of the beneficiaries of the system, plays an important role in defining and explaining this system and the necessary executive instructions.

How the relationship between the mass and the space of high-rise buildings in residential complexes, as an effective factor in the architectural design of urban spaces, can have a significant impact on climate changes in micro-climates. In this regard, one of the dangers that can be related to the physical arrangement of high-rise buildings is the formation of urban heat islands. This phenomenon has adverse effects on people's health and thermal comfort, as well as excessive energy consumption. Therefore, one of the big challenges of architects, urban and landscape designers is how to plan to reduce the effects of urban heat islands. This research was carried out with the aim of simulating and proving the relationship between the physical arrangement of the architecture of high-rise buildings in residential complexes and reducing the adverse effects of urban heat islands by means of the Dragonfly plugin, in order to extract the optimal pattern. This simulation is based on the meteorological statistics of the country for the 9th day of July 2022 as the hottest day of the year. Individual, environmental, combined and row types were investigated as four types of architectural physical arrangement in Tehran city and the temperature degree of urban and rural heat islands of each type was determined at the specified time. The results showed that among the four examined types, the arrangement of blocks individually is the most optimal type of arrangement, which reduces the intensity of the adverse effects of urban heat islands and, as a result, reduces the excessive consumption of fossil (non-renewable) energies and increasing the efficiency of using renewable energy helps.

Connectors, which are components for connecting different types of conductors to each other and to other equipment in the power grid, are installed in large numbers in the medium and low voltage distribution network. Use of the general and international standards in the development of national standards related to these parts, without completing and developing specialized/supplementary guidelines for the characteristics of these parts that are less discussed in the general standards, leads to numerous problems, including spending a lot of time and money to repair and replacement of these parts, unwanted power outages and also high electric power losses. The present paper shows that such an approach in the development of national standards, while causing defects in more than 100,000 of these components each year, has led to relatively high power losses due to the presence of these components in the medium voltage distribution network. By developing optimal standards based on the technical/economic conditions of the country, the problems related to these parts can be greatly reduced. It is suggested that a technical committee be set up in the relevant national commissions to analyze the problems, provide solutions and develop optimal standards.

In the present work, a numerical simulation for solar chimney power plant (SCPP) is simulated using Ansys-Fluent software. The simulation model is account for climate conditions in southern region of Iran. Results of simulation is achieved by adapting the environmental conditions including ambient temperature, wind speed and solar radiation in selective cities in the regions Ahvaz, Bandar-Abbas, Kerman and Shiraz; respectively. The obtained results show a considerable changes in air speed and pressure drop in the area of ​​ collector and chimney connection. The average pressure drop for Ahvaz, Bandar Abbas, Kerman and Shiraz cities is 120.9, 119.83, 134 and 127 Pa, respectively. Also average velocity is 13.5, 13.44, 14.25 and 13.88 m/s, respectively. The results showed that for at 47000 m2, Kerman has the best performance in power production with 45.7 kW. Shiraz is next with 42.1 kW. Ahvaz and Bandar-Abbas have approximately equal output power of 39 kW. In addition, it was observed that production capacity in Kerman is about 17% more than production capacity of Ahvaz, while the amount of radiation in Ahvaz and Kerman is approximately equal to 750 w/m2. Therefore with an equal amount of radiation, the lower the ambient temperature and the higher the wind speed, the more the power production capacity will increase. Simulations were performed for different seasons and during the day. In addition, power production capacity at noon in winter is 12.1 kW. This increase for autumn, spring and summer compared to winter is 42.2% (17.2), 133.11% (28.3) and 190.9% (35.15).