مجله راهبردهای نوین تربیت معلمان
پیاپی 13 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

This study aimed to analyze the professional teachers' perception and lived experience of the teaching quality concept. In this regard, the qualitative research approach and the phenomenological method have been used. The sample of the research includes 22 professional and successful teachers in Yazd province (5 men and 17 women) who have been selected by the purposive sampling method from the criterion sampling type. Semi-structured interviews with 16 teachers formed theoretical saturation data. In order to validate the findings; interviews were continued up to 22 teachers. Data analysis was conducted by use of Colaizzi’s seven-step method and MAXQDA software. To validate the findings, members reviewed the method. Three criteria, acceptability, verifiability, and reliability were used in order to observe the qualitative features of the research. In data analysis, 5 main themes including a) artistic and thoughtful decisions b) the teacher’s skill tricks in teaching c) the promotion of creative strategies by the teacher d) Developing the learner's intellectual and behavioral skills and competencies e) dynamism and intelligence in the competencies and performance of the teacher, and 49 sub-themes were resulted for the teaching quality concept. The results show that the teachers' perception of the acceptance of teaching quality does not follow a specific policy and the teaching quality is interpreted diversely and differently considering different conditions and situations. To understand and interpret the teachers' teaching quality and its performance in the classroom, there is a need to bed and train the artistic, knowledgeable, and professional teachers and it should be considered in the macro and micro strategies of a teacher significantly.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between hidden curriculum and social responsibility of high school students. Research method respectively in terms of approach, purpose, data collection and analysis type has been quantitative, applied, survey and descriptive-correlational. The statistical population has been all (20,918) students of high school studies in third district of Qom city. According to the Krejcie & Morgan table, 385 students were selected as the sample by convenience sampling method. To collect the information; the standard questionnaire of hidden curriculum (Nemati, 2008) and adolescents' responsibility (Taghipour and Ghaffari, 2009) were used with respectively Cronbach's alpha reliability of 0.89 and 0.91. In addition to descriptive statistics; inferential tests, Pearson correlation coefficient and Fisher's z-distribution were used to analyze the data. The findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the hidden curriculum in schools and students' social responsibility. There is a positive and significant correlation between the components of the hidden curriculum, i.e. the physical structure of the school, social atmosphere, relationships in schools, encouragement and punishment with the social responsibility. However, there was no relationship between ICT components in teaching with the social responsibility. As a result, given that the social responsibility is acquisitive and has a positive and significant relationship with the hidden curriculum; school administrators should focus on the effective components of the hidden curriculum and provide the background for its better implementation which leads to an increase of the social responsibility.

The creativity has cognitive, motivational and non-cognitive dimensions. Fostering creativity in children has been pursued often in the cognitive dimensions, while motivational and non-cognitive dimensions play a significant role in stimulating the children's creativity. This study aimed to review the effectiveness of coordinated bimanual movements on fostering creativity in the children. The research has been conducted by a quasi-experimental method with pretest and posttest design and a control group including male students of the sixth grade of Imam Hossein Elementary School in the second district of Tehran in the school year of 2018-19. The study sample was selected by convenience sampling method among the sixth grade classes. For this purpose, one class (31 students) and the other class (30 students) were randomly considered as the experimental group and the control group. Torrance and Abedi tests were used to assess the creativity. After performing the pretest by both groups; the experimental group performed bimanual coordinated movements for two months according to the set schedule and then the posttest was executed for both groups. Data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of covariance and the results show that continuous performance of coordinated bimanual activities can significantly increase the components of creativity such as flexibility, originality, fluency and elaboration in students.

The present study is applied and qualitative-quantitative respectively in terms of purpose and data collection. Since the present study intends to obtain a comprehensive knowledge of the model components of the faculty members' requirement of Farhangian University; qualitative and quantitative data were used to achieve the goal. Therefore, a mixed approach was used in this research. In this regard, 20 interviews with faculty members have been conducted with a purposive sampling method from the snowball type. The research assessment tool was a semi-structured interview form that was prepared and finalized through interview and Delphi technique by experts with selective coding. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data, and masters' opinions were used to determine content validity, and confirmatory factor analysis was used for structure reliability. The content analysis technique was used to analyze qualitative data and to answer the first question of the research; also, structural equations were used for modeling of causal relations considering LISREL software in line with additional analyses of quantitative part. Date analysis method consists of three stages of open, axial and selective coding. After the theoretical saturation of experts, the model included 5 dimensions, 17 components and 111 indicators. Model fitting was supported by data of structural equations modeling analyses. According to the findings, the present model can be a fit model for the faculty members' requirement of Farhangian University.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of computer games teaching methods and hand-made work on learning of students suffering from oppositional defiant disorder. The research method is quasi-experimental from the type of pretest and posttest. The statistical population of the study consists of all students suffering from oppositional defiant disorder in elementary schools of fifth district of Tehran. The sample size was selected by cluster sampling method. Accordingly, 10 schools were randomly selected out of 29 elementary schools and 24 students suffering from oppositional defiant disorder were identified, supported by school authorities, psychologists and educational sciences specialists and they were selected as the research sample. The research instrument was a researcher-made test includes 12 questions with reliability of Cronbach's alpha of 0.82, and the content and face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts. The results of the research show that in the computer games educational method, there is a significant difference between average score of the students suffering from oppositional defiant disorder in the posttest (17/90) with the pretest (12/20). Also, in the hand-made work educational method, there is a significant difference between the average score of the students suffering from oppositional defiant disorder in the pretest (19.19) and the posttest (13.25) (P <0.001). Therefore, there is a significant difference between the average score of the students suffering from oppositional defiant disorder in computer games and hand-made work (P <0.001). The results show that computer games and hand-made work educational methods have a positive effect on the learning of the students suffering from oppositional defiant disorder, and the hand-made work educational method is more effective than the computer games educational method.

 Issue of the learning has been permanently one of the main concerns of researchers, experts and instructors. There are many variables which have positive or negative effect on the students' learning process. As one of the variables, procrastination has a special position in students' learning. In this regard, this study was conducted to review the structural model of procrastination and mindfulness with an emphasis on the mediating role of cognitive abilities of high school students of Kermanshah in the school year of 2021-22. The research method has been descriptive and the correlation type has been     structural equations. The statistical population includes all high school students in Kermanshah city and 379 students were selected by a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The standard questionnaires of procrastination of Tuckman (1991), mindfulness of Bauer et al. (2006) and cognitive skills of Nejati (2013) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equations model and the results show that students' procrastination is a function of their cognitive abilities and mindfulness. The results also show that cognitive abilities can affect the relationship between students' procrastination and mindfulness, namely, procrastination is influenced by mindfulness and cognitive abilities and therefore, high mindfulness and desired cognitive abilities can be obtained. Accordingly, research findings can be used to improve student's procrastination, and supplementary educations and courses for students and parents may lead to control and improve this variable.

This study aimed to review the concept of cultural anomaly among second language learners. This research with a documentary and library method tries to review the intercultural communication in the language teaching and by taking a special look at the second language and the effect of this language like other languages on way of thinking; it introduces the cultural challenges in the second language learning. Culture and its inherent requirements are transferred in the bed of language, and this category shows the importance of the mechanism of language education and learning; the language is culture-oriented and in fact, the language learning interferes with the development process of other social contexts. Teaching the second language is not possible without cultural exchange. For bicultural people, the language can mean a new environment that changes the frameworks and guides the attitude of the language learner. This research tells us: the effect of the dominant cultural context on the second language leads to a better performance for the culture in the direction more favorable with the linguistic context. Accordingly, if the first language and the culture formed in that language are neglected; anomic behaviors will be appeared. In addition to this change in the language and literature of the language learners; identity changes, loneliness and alienation are other effects of virtual social networks on anomie indicators.

This study aimed to review the role of transformational leadership and entrepreneurial spirit in making organizational health in Yasuj city elementary schools. The research method has been descriptive-correlational and the statistical population consists of all principals, deputies and teachers of elementary schools of Yasuj city (8283 people) who have worked in the school year 2018-19. Using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, 100 principals and 230 teachers were selected and have completed questionnaires of Avolio Evolutionary Leadership (2000), Leonidas and Vasilis Entrepreneurship Spirit (2007), and Hoy & Feldman Organizational Health (1996). The sample size was based on the Klein's rule (2005). The reliabilities of the questionnaires have been reported by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0/84, 0/92 and 0/86. Data were analyzed using methods of descriptive statistics, simultaneous regression analysis and independent t-test. The findings show that entrepreneurial spirit and transformational leadership predict the schools organizational health positively and significantly. Among the transformational leadership dimensions; personal considerations dimension has positively and significantly explain schools organizational health, while ideal characteristics explain it negatively and significantly. By gaining insight and proper understanding of the benefits of applying and teaching the transformational leadership and entrepreneurial spirit and its impact on organizational health; schools will be able to plan and manage more appropriate activities and actions to learn transformational leadership skills, to promote organizational health and to improve the sense of fairness and entrepreneurial understanding in their organizations

The shadow education is a set of extracurricular educational activities and this type of education has been very popular in the world during the last century. This kind of education has been designed to improve chance of students for successfulness movement in education process. On the contrary, some scholars have considered the shadow education as a threat and introduced it even as a kind of child abuse. Numerous studies have examined the effects and consequences of the shadow education. The purpose of this study is to review systematically the effects and consequences of the shadow education. The research method is a systematic review based on the model of Wright et al. (2007). A systematic search according to the keywords in reputable databases resulted in 940 researches during the period 2010 to 2021. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria; finally 40 articles were selected as the sample for in-depth analysis of the research purpose. According to the analysis of the research, the identified effects and consequences in the field of shadow education were positive effects (positive educational and psychological effects for the students and positive effects for the teachers) and negative effects (for the students, society, official education system and parents) and also some research have shown that the shadow education is ineffective. The most well-known positive effects in this field are related to students' educational achievement, and the most mentioned negative effects have been the intensification of social and educational inequalities.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of active learning method on the belongingness to the school and educational motivation of elementary school students in Shahriar city. The research method in terms of purpose has been applied and in terms of data collection method has been semi-experimental from the type of control and experiment. The statistical population of the study includes elementary school students of Mehr School in Shahriar  city in Tehran and the statistical sample consists of 30 students of the same school who were selected by a purposive sampling method and divided into two groups of 15 students (experimental and control groups). The data collection tool in this study has been the questionnaire and two standard questionnaires of Harter educational motivation and school belongingness have been used. Covariance test and SPSS 24 software have been used to analyze the data. According to the research findings, after the test, the average of the variable of the belongingness to school in the experimental group has been more than the average of this variable before the active learning method and the difference is 1.34. Therefore, the hypothesis of "active learning method affects the students' belongingness to school" is accepted. Also, after the test the average of the educational motivation variable in the experimental group has been more than the average of this variable before the active learning and the difference is 1.495. Therefore, the hypothesis of "active learning method affects the students' belongingness to school" is accepted. Therefore, according to the research findings, the hypotheses were confirmed, namely, the active learning method has a positive effect on the students' belongingness to school and educational motivation.

This study aimed to examine the perceptions of Farhangian University graduates from the issues and problems of the teaching profession in the education system. Graduates' perceptions and understanding of the issues and problems of the teaching profession affect their professional and career performance. The research method in this article is a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The studied statistical population has been the graduates of Farhangian University of Alborz province in 2022. The samples were selected based on the purposive sampling from 19 graduates in 2022. the number of samples was determined based on the principle of theoretical saturation. The data collection method has been the unstructured interview method, and the data analysis method has been thematic analysis. After the implementing the interviews of the graduates from the issues of the teaching profession; the coding of the narratives of the graduates from the issues of the teaching profession was performed. Finally, the extracted codes have been categorized into 4 main themes of economic issues, social issues, educational issues, and psychological issues. Ignoring the problems of the teaching profession from the perspective of the graduates of Farhangian University leads to a decrease in their motivation and interest in the teaching profession and gradually provides grounds for them to leave the teaching profession.

This study aimed to review the effectiveness of psychic-educational training with a spiritual approach on national identity and self-control in all female students of eighth grade in Galugah city including 1521 people in the school year 2020-21. According to the criteria of the study which includes female students, the homogeneity of the statistical population and the tendency to participate in the research and obtaining the parental consent to participate in the research; the students were divided into two groups of 25 student (25 people in the experimental group and 25 people in the control group) as the samples. Psychic-educational training with a spiritual approach was implemented only for the experimental group and not for the control group. Also, the data collection includes standard questionnaires of Nik Manesh's Self-Control (2017) and Abolhasani's National Identity (2018). The intervention tool includes twelve 90-minute sessions of the effectiveness of psychic-educational training with a spiritual approach based on the model of Piri et al. (2017).The data were analyzed by covariance test through SPSS 24 software. Findings show that psychic-educational training with a spiritual approach has a positive and significant effect on the students' national identity components (cultural, linguistic, social, political, territorial and religious). Also the approach has a significant effect on the components of self-control (risk-taking, semantic and non-semantic reaction, persistence, self-centeredness, impulsivity and anger) in female students of eighth grade in Galugah city.