مجله سلامت جامعه
سال شانزدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1401)

Obesity is a pervasive problem that can severely impair physical health. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on emotional eating in obese people.

The present study had a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a follow-up and control group. Its statistical population included all patients referred to the counseling and psychological center of the Rahe Bartar in Qazvin in 2019 who were diagnosed with obesity by nutritionists. Using the purposive sampling method, 60 people were selected and randomly assigned to three groups (dialectical behavior therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and the control-20 people in each group). Cognitive-behavioral and dialectical behavior therapies were performed for 10 sessions in the experimental groups, and no treatment was performed for the control group. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire was completed by participants in the pretest, posttest, and six-month follow-up stages. A mixed analysis of variance test was used to analyze the data.

Due to the differences in test stages after performing two interventions of dialectical behavior and cognitive-behavioral therapies, the effectiveness of group membership and stage-group interaction was significant for all three emotional eating components (emotional, inhibition, and external styles); it was reduction effect (p<0.05). The effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy was greater than cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Based on the results of this study, dialectical behavior and cognitive-behavioral therapies can effectively reduce emotional eating in obese people.

Obesity is a growing problem in human societies that is associated with many negative individual and social consequences; therefore, effective interventions need to be identified to reduce these complications. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of group therapy based on the transtheoretical model in early maladaptive schemas of women with obesity. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all obese women admitted to the clinics in Tehran in 2019. Of these, 30 women were selected based on inclusion criteria and available sampling methods and were randomly allocated to two groups: an experimental group and a control group, each containing 15 women. The research instrument was Yang's Schema Questionnaire. The group therapy based on the transtheoretical model was performed in the form of 28 90-minute sessions for the experimental group and no intervention was performed for the control group. A mixed ANOVA was performed in SPSS-18 was used to analyze the data. The results showed that group therapy based on the transtheoretical model had a significant effect on reducing the initial maladaptive schemas of women with obesity in the experimental group in the post-test and follow-up stages (p<0.005). Based on the research findings, it seems that the transtheoretical model has an effect on correcting the early maladaptive schemas of women with obesity. The findings of this study can provide practical implications for the treatment of early maladaptive schemas in women with obesity through treatment based on the transtheoretical model.

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder in adolescent girls, and lack of meaning in the life is an effective factor in its occurrence. Thus, this study is conducted to compare the effectiveness of existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy on meaning in the life of depressed adolescent girls. The statistical population of this semi-experimental study included depressed adolescent girls in Isfahan in 2021. Among them, 45 people were selected by the purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and one control group. Subjects completed the Steger Life Meaning Questionnaire. The experimental groups underwent ten sessions of the two therapies. Further, data were analyzed using univariate, multivariate analysis of covariance and the Bonferroni post-hoc test. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05. The results showed that both therapies significantly increased the life meaning, as well as two components of its search and presence (p<0.05). In addition, a significant difference was observed between the two therapy methods concerning the meaning of life (p<0.05); thus, existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy had a greater increasing effect on the meaning of life. The findings of this study were experimental support for these two therapies to increase the meaning of life in depressed adolescent girls. Awareness of psychotherapists of these approaches in the health field can help overcome depression and experience a meaningful life.

Venous thromboembolism is one of the leading causes of death in patients during pregnancy and postpartum. Clinical audit is one of several programs to improve the quality of health services. This study aims to determine the effect of the clinical audit process on the implementation of postpartum venous thromboembolism prevention guidelines.

The present work was a quasi-experimental study before and after using the clinical audit method. A total of second- and third-year obstetrics and gynecology residents in hospitals affiliated with Jundishapur Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences in 2020 were enrolled in the study by the counting method. The intervention was performed in the form of five stages of clinical audit. The ways to complete and implement intravenous thromboembolism prevention guidelines by residents were evaluated using a researcher-made checklist by reviewing the records of 148 patients admitted to the postpartum ward. The collected data were analyzed using the McNemar test and paired t-test.

The mean total score of residents' performance in completing the form and implementing the guidelines before the intervention was 2.67±1.4, while after the intervention was 6.11± 1.36, showing a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Therefore, a statistically significant difference was observed between the scores before and after the intervention in how to complete the form and implement the guidelines.

The results of this study indicated the positive effect of the clinical audit process on the performance of residents in completing the form and implementing the guidelines for the prevention of venous thromboembolism; thus, it seems that the implementation of this process can help improve the level of service to residents and nurses.

Hysterectomy is currently one of the most common surgeries for women which is directly related to women’s fertility and removing the womb could have irreparable psychological, physiological, and sexual consequences. This study was conducted aiming at discovering women’s experiences after hysterectomy.

The research method was qualitative and the strategy chosen was descriptive phenomenology. Among the women who had had a hysterectomy in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Yazd and based on purposeful sampling and snowball, semi-structured interviews were conducted on the participants, and 18 were selected until saturation was reached. Interviews were conducted, by telephone or video for six months in 2020. Colaizzi’s seven-step method and MaxiCuda software were used to analyze the data.

After extracting the concepts, the findings of the study were represented in the form of 315 statements, 156 concepts, 25 main hypotheses, and 5 sub-hypotheses. The main hypotheses included conflict and hesitation, worry of women concerning coital relations, partner’s support, social support, power & exhaustion.

In addition to the physical aspects, health care providers must also consider the psychological aspects of caring for these women. Therefore, these experiences can help not only women who want to have this surgery but also health care providers and women’s families to become familiar with these experiences and help reduce the negative consequences of this surgery.

Sleep quality is an important clinical construct whose exact components and relative importance vary from person to person. Therefore, this study is conducted to determine the effectiveness of emotion regulation therapy based on Gross's theory on sleep quality and its index in female adolescents addicted to cyberspace.

The research had a quasi-experimental design with a pretest, posttest, and control group. The statistical population included all female adolescents addicted to cyberspace living in Kermanshah in 2021, from whom 30 were selected by simple random sampling; then, the selected people were divided into groups of 15. Data were collected using a demographic information checklist and a sleep quality questionnaire (Buysse et al., 1989). The subjects in the experimental group underwent 8 sessions (1 session per week for 60 minutes) of an emotion regulation program. A descriptive statistical method and analysis of covariance were performed to analyze the data.

The linear trend of changes in the total score of sleep quality in the experimental group in the pretest and posttest stages was significant (F= 43.02, p= 0.007, and Eta= 0.59). The results also showed that emotion regulation therapy had a significant effect on improving sleep indices in cyberspace-addicted female adolescents (p<0.05).

The emotion regulation treatment program improves sleep quality in cyberspace-addicted adolescents. This treatment program is recommended by experts in promoting the mental-behavioral health of cyberspace-addicted female adolescents.

Sleep disorder is extremely common during pregnancy and threatens the health of both the mother and the fetus. To improve sleep patterns in pregnant women, non-pharmacological treatments are a high priority. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of painting therapy with childbirth preparation classes on the sleep quality of pregnant women.

This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design including a control group. The statistical population consisted of pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy admitted to 22 Bahman health center of Kerman in autumn 2020. Based on the inclusion criteria, 51 individuals were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group and a control group, each including 17 participants. The experimental groups received painting therapy and childbirth preparation classes and the control group did not receive any sort of intervention. The research tool was Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test using SPSS-26 software.

The results showed that both interventions significantly improved sleep quality (p<0.001). Painting therapy could better improve both overall sleep quality and subjective sleep quality and decrease sleep disturbances compared to childbirth preparation classes (p<0.002).

Based on the findings, health experts and health and treatment centers are recommended to incorporate painting therapy in the syllabus of the childbirth preparation classes to enhance the sleep quality of pregnant women.

Tension headache is a common type of headache characterized by non-throbbing bilateral pain, mild to moderate pain that can interfere with personal activities. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of quality of life therapy on anxiety sensitivity and cohesive self-knowledge of women with tension headache.

The research was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design and control group with quarterly follow-up. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women with tension headache admitted to the psychiatric ward of Milad Hospital in Tehran in 2020. By available sampling, 30 people were selected and divided into experimental (n= 15) and control (n= 15) groups. They filled out the anxiety sensitivity questionnaire and the cohesive self-knowledge questionnaire. In the experimental group, treatment based on improving the quality of life was performed in 8 sessions (1 session per week for 1.5 hours). Post-test was taken from the groups at the end of treatment. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures variance.

The results showed that the mean score of coherent self-knowledge and its dimensions in the experimental group significantly improved compared to the control group after the intervention (Eta=0.61, p=0.005, F=0.37). Moreover, the results showed that the quality of life therapy was beneficial in reducing anxiety sensitivity and its dimensions in the subjects of the intervention group as compared to the control group (Eta=0.60, p=0.001, F=43.45). The effects of this program on dependent variables continued during the follow-up period (p=0.001)

Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that quality of life therapy is associated with cohesive self-awareness and controlling anxiety sensitivity in patients with tension headache. Use of this program is recommended for patients with headaches.