نشریه علوم و تحقیقات بذر ایران
سال نهم شماره 1 (بهار 1401)

In order to investigate the effect of accelerated ageing (AA) on physiological and biochemical traits of cultivar canola seeds, this study was laid out as a factorial experiments based on a completely randomized design with two factors cultivars (Modena and Okapi), aging level (0, 24 and 72 hours at temperature of 40˚c and relative humidity of saturated) and four replications in the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad at 2019-20. The results showed that the aged seeds of Okapi and Modena cultivars significant decline in germination characteristics. According to the biochemical results, in the treatments of 72 hours of AA compared to the control, oil, total protein and scavenging free radicals of canola seeds, has decreased by 9.89, 4.14 and 28.61 percent, respectively. Likewise, electrical conductivity increased by 84.64 percent. Interestingly, aging affected the content of non-enzymatic antioxidants. Here for example, it reduced flavonoids by 73.79%, proline by 47.18%, and phenol by 17.13% compared to non-aged seeds in Okapi cultivar. On the one hand, Okapi cultivar had great quality characteristics such as oil percentage, activity of antioxidant systems, but on the other hand, it was very sensitive to storage, because, aging caused extremely decline in Okapi cultivar seed quality. So, it is obvious that conditions of seed storage of this cultivar require more attention. In general, controlling storage conditions to minimize canola seed aging and deterioration is critical.

The aim of this study was to use the potential of productive cultivars to produce new hybrids and to evaluate the morphological and anatomical traits of hybrid seedlings between P. nigra and P. deltoides. In the present project, the male and female bases of the superior clones of Populus nigra and Populus deltoides were used, which had a high performance in terms of wood production and proper trunk quality, and were introduced to the implementation department. In winter 2018, the flowering branches of the base material with flower-bearing buds about 60–100 cm in length were collected from the end branches of the tree and planted in 20 litre plastic pots consisting of mixture of soil, sand and well-rotted cattle manure. To prepare pollen grains, a sufficient number of flowering branches were separated from the male branches of each of P. nigra and P. deltoides species and placed in a container of water and the pollen was collected by opening the male flower catkins. Pollination was achieved by lightly dusting the receptive flowers with a camel-hair brush. Catkins were collected from the branches when capsules mature and all of sterilized hybrid and open pollination capsules were cultured on Half-MS medium without hormone in the form of splitting. Produced plantlets taller than 1 to 2 cm in size were transferred to jiffypots with a mixture of sterilized perlite and peat moss and sand and kept in greenhouse and the characteristics of the percentage of contamination, height of plantlets and the number of plantlets transferred to jiffypots were recorded. The hybrid seedlings were transferred to large pots after gradual adaptation, and then they were evaluated based on quantitative traits such as height, collar diameter, branch and quantitative characteristics and anatomy of leaves after two years. The results showed that the highest catkins height, number and weight of capsules were in open pollinated cross. A total of 28 progeny were obtained from Populus different crossings. The highest stem height in crosses of PD♀xPS♂ (P. deltoides Marquette x P. deltoides Samsun) and PD♀xPB♂ (P. deltoides Marquette x P. nigra betulifolia 17/13), the maximum branch angle, leaf area and specific leaf area in open pollinated cross of PD♀ (P. deltoides Marquette) was observed.

One of the valuable species of Iranian forests in Iran and Turan is the wild pistachio species and they have high economic value. Seed production is one of the important topics in forestry and rehabilitation and afforestation programs with seeds and seedlings, and therefore the need to obtain the necessary information about the quality and quantity of seeds of this species is felt more than ever. First, to collect seed samples, a land unit map was prepared. After superimposing the direction, slope and elevation maps, the pistachio seeds were collected from the designated areas. Seeds were collected from 23 sampling areas. Percentage of viability, germination rate, germination value and mean day of germination for each seed mass based on the formulas and calculations of seed testing and the rules of the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) was determined. The results showed that the direction, elevation and slope factor at 1% level had a significant effect on viability, germination value, and mean day of germination and seed germination rate. The results of comparing the means showed that at high elevation and in the direction of north and south and a slope above 60%, pistachio seeds had the highest percentage of viability. Also, the results of comparing the mean value of pistachio seed germination showed that at low elevation, north direction and slope of 0-30%, pistachio seed germination value was high. Mean day of germination in the south direction and slope above 60%, the highest mean day germination and also in two elevation and east and west and slope above 60% had the highest germination rate of pistachio seeds.

The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of different concentrations of gibberellin and auxin hormones on germination and germination characteristics of maize in laboratory and greenhouse conditions in the Faculty of Agriculture, Shoushtar Branch of Azad University in the 2018-2019. Both environments were a completely randomized design with four replications. Experimental treatments included seven treatments, different concentrations (20, 40 and 60 ppm) of gibberellin and auxin hormones and distilled water as a control and soaking time was 24 hours.In the laboratory section, a significant difference was observed among the treatments in relation to the measured traits. The highest and lowest germination indices with 39.98 and 19.22, respectively, were observed in gibberellic acid and auxin 20 and 60 ppm hormone treatments. The highest final germination percentage was recorded at 20 ppm gibberellin with a 24% improvement over the control.The highest radicle and plumule lengths belonged to 40 ppm gibberellin with 92.73 and 13.97 mm, respectively. In greenhouse section, the effect of hormonal treatments on all studied traits was significant. The highest wet and dry weight with 38 and 18% increase compared to the control was observed in 20 ppm gibberellin treatment. The highest amounts of soluble and reducing sugars were obtained with 90 and 54 mg.g-1 seeds in the hormonal treatment of 20 ppm gibberellin, respectively, and the lowest values ​​were obtained with 33 and 22.4 mg.g-1 seeds in the control treatment. The highest α-amylase activity was recorded at 30.1 nmol per seed in 20 ppm gibberellin treatment. This study showed that hormone 20 ppm gibberellin were effective and efficient treatment in increasing the vigor of Fajr hybrid corn seeds.

Seed germination is described as a prominent and important feature of a cultivar. In order to identify QTLs related to barley germination under normal, salinity and drought conditions, 103 F8 families from Crosses of two cultivars, Badia × Kavir, were assessed using completely randomized design in two replications during the 2018-2019, in the botanical laboratory of Gonbad Kavous University, Iran. Number of roots, root length, root weight, coleoptile length, plumule length, plumule weight and germination percentage. Linkage maps were prepared using 152 SSR polymorphic markers, 72 ISSR alleles, 7 IRAP alleles, 29 CAAT alleles, 27 Scot alleles and 15 iPBS alleles. The molecular markers used were attributed to 7 barley chromosomes with a map length of 999.2 centi Morgans (cM). The mean distance between two adjacent markers was 3.387 cM. QTL analysis was performed using composite distance mapping (CIM) for each trait in each environment. In this study, chromosomes 4, 5 and 7 were the most important chromosomes in all three conditions due to the presence of the most QTLs. Under normal conditions 2 major effect QTLs were detected for the coleoptile length (qCLN-5a) and Germination percentage (qGPN-4b) was detected, Under drought stress conditions, 3 major effect QTLs were detected for root length (qRLD-4b) and (qRLD-5) for stem weight (qPWD-4). The results of this research can be used in marker assisted selection programs after determining the validity

To investigate the effect of biological fertilizers and vermicompost, on vetch and coriander in different intercropping mixtures (medicinal forage), an experiment was conducted in split plot based on RCBD design with 3 replications. The experiment was conducted in Research Farm of College of Agriculture, University of Tehran in Karaj, Iran during growing season of 1389-1390   The main factor comprised of 4 levels of fertilizer application viz. control (no fertilizer application), vermicompost, biological fertilizer and biological fertilizer + 50% vermicompost.  The sub plots were allocated to 7 levels of different mixtures of intercropping of vetch and coriander including: sole cropping of vetch (weed infested) (Vw), sole cropping of vetch (weed free) (V0), sole cropping of coriander (weed infested) (Cw), sole cropping of coriander (weed free) (C0), intercropping of vetch + 50% coriander (VC50), intercropping of vetch + 75% coriander (VC75), and intercropping of vetch + 100% coriander (VC100).  The measured parameters  was weed biomass.  The results indicated that vemicompost across all levels of intercropping had significant effect on decrease weed biomass.  Also the lowest weed biomass was achieved in (VC75) and (VC100) intercroppings.  According to the results of this experiment, to decrease the consumption in herbicides and increase the level of health application of intercropping and natural fertilizers could be recommended.