نشریه چشم انداز حسابداری و مدیریت
سال پنجم شماره 73 (زمستان 1401)

Today, types of intangible assets play a very important role in the continuity and survival of commercial companies and their valuation. Therefore, the existence of intangible assets and their significant role in creating value for business units is an undeniable fact that despite the vulnerability and uncertainties related to these assets, it is still important to recognize, measure and provide information about them. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate whether intangible assets have a significant effect on the relationship between company growth and company value or not. The statistical population of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2010 and 2019 and using the information of 120 companies and the multivariable linear regression method, the hypothesis was tested. According to the results of the first hypothesis test, company growth and company value have a direct relationship. Also, the results of the second hypothesis indicate that the interactive variable (intangible assets* company growth) does not have a significant relationship with the company's value.

In the accounting literature, special attention has been paid to cash flows and performance, in the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the effect of cash flow growth on company performance, emphasizing financial helplessness and financial leverage in listed companies. For this purpose, the data of a sample of 101 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period between 1392 and 1400 were used. The sampling method in this research is based on the systematic elimination method, and the multiple regression method based on consolidated data (panel data) is used to test the model's hypotheses. Also, E-views software was used to analyze the results and process the data. The results of this research show that the cash flow growth variable has a positive and significant effect on the company's performance. Also, the results show that financial helplessness and financial leverage have an inverse and direct effect on the relationship between the growth of cash flows and the performance of companies, respectively.

Some studies that have paid attention to the factors and events that lead to bankruptcy have considered the characteristics and opportunism of managers as well as competitiveness among companies to be effective in this field. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between Managers’ Empire Building and bankruptcy risk with regard to industry market concentration. Research in terms of purpose is part of applied research and research method in terms of nature and content is cause and effect. The research was conducted in the framework of deductive-inductive reasoning and panel analysis was used to analyze the hypotheses. The statistical population of the research was all the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange and using the systematic elimination sampling method, 116 companies were selected as the research sample in The 9-year period between 2013 and 2021 was investigated. The results of the research hypotheses test showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between Managers’ Empire Building and company bankruptcy, but none of the industry's market concentration indicators have an effect on this relationship.

Humans have the ability to express facts and check their validity. They can justify and change their beliefs and understand things in general. Almost all healthy people have the ability to reason, but very, very few people do it well. A fallacious argument may be deceptive by appearing better than it really is. Some fallacies are done intentionally to manipulate or persuade or deceive, while others are committed unintentionally due to carelessness or ignorance. Experts believe that every human being is an actor. The world is a stage and people are the actors of this stage. Most people, regardless of their ability and competence, prefer to create a ((good impression)) of themselves in the eyes of others. It is important to understand what fallacies are so that one can recognize them either in one's own writing or that of others.

Credit risk is one of the most important factors affecting the health of the banking system, in this regard, the origin and consequences related to this issue can lead to the vulnerability of banks. Therefore, this research investigates the origin and consequences related to the reserve of suspicious claims of unusual access by Tehran Stock Exchange banks. In this research, the number of 14 banks admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period of 2011-2014 has been examined. In order to test the hypotheses, panel regression was used, the findings of the research show that, in general, the comparability of financial statements has a negative and significant effect on the provision of doubtful receivables and the reserve of doubtful receivables also has a positive and significant effect on the risk components. .

Holding cash has its benefits and costs. The main purpose of holding cash is to reduce financial shocks, minimize capital costs, allow investment projects to be carried out efficiently in the presence of financial constraints. Keeping cash in a company's reserves acts as a hedge against future financial shocks, and companies tend to accumulate cash to deal with a possible financial crisis in the coming years. Holding cash also minimizes the cost of capital and costs associated with external financing, increasing investors' expectations of return on capital. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between cash retention and expected stock returns.The statistical population of this research is all the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange and 134 companies were selected in the period of 2015 to 2015 by systematic elimination method. Also, to test research hypotheses, multivariate regression model based on combined data was used. The results indicate that there is a direct and significant relationship between cash retention and expected stock returns. Also, there is no direct and meaningful relationship between cash holding and systematic risk. There is a direct and significant relationship between cash retention and the real return on the company's stock.

Reducing operating costs is important for any society. The environmental conditions of the society on one hand and the advancement of technology on the other hand have affected the costs in the society. Currently, instead of paying fixed fees for each job, it is better to try methods whose cost is proportional to the amount of work. Competencies, including: awareness and knowledge in general and specialized fields, proper administration, proper human resource management, lead to productivity and cost reduction in any organization. There are many ways that can be used to reduce costs in any business and at the community level. The prerequisite for success in this way is organizational management as an organizational goal to reduce costs. The precision and culture of time management in personal and organizational costs in today's society and its training to employees and its stabilization in organizations will result in significant cost reduction. The use of operational research as a tool in capital structure and cost reduction in modern society. Therefore, the current article deals with the use of operational research in cost reduction in a review and summary.

The growing importance of intellectual capital in corporate value creation processes has significantly affected capital markets, corporate disclosure, and corporate financial management, as intellectual capital has contributed to increasing information asymmetry between firms and investors. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate whether the efficiency of intellectual capital has an effect on the capital structure, and whether risk and profitability of the company moderate the relationship between the efficiency of intellectual capital and the capital structure. The statistical population of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1390 to 1399 and using the information of 120 companies and the multivariable linear regression method, the hypothesis was tested. According to the results of the first hypothesis test, the efficiency of intellectual capital has a direct and significant effect on the capital structure, and the results of the second hypothesis indicate that the company's risk has a significant effect on the relationship between intellectual efficiency. Capital and capital structure and the results of the third research hypothesis show that the profitability of the company has a significant effect on the relationship between the efficiency of intellectual capital and the capital structure.

The aim of the research: 

to investigate the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on the capital structure with regard to the mediating role of the cost of capital is the aim of this study.

In this study, using the information of 153 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange (1224 companies) during an 8-year period from 1392 to 1399, the hypothesis was tested. Also, in order to test the hypotheses, the panel data econometric technique and Eviuse software have been used.

The findings of this study showed that the size of the board of directors has a negative and significant effect and the duality of the duties of the CEO and institutional ownership has a positive and significant effect on the capital structure, however, the composition of the board of directors does not have a significant effect on the capital structure. It was also found that the composition of the board of directors and institutional ownership have a negative and significant effect on the cost of capital, but the size of the board of directors and the dual duties of the CEO do not play a decisive role in this regard. In addition, it was found that the cost of capital has a negative effect on determining the capital structure, and finally, it was found that the composition of the board of directors and institutional ownership can also influence the choice of the company's capital structure through influencing the cost of capital.

The findings of this study are consistent with the agency theory argument that effective governance strategies, by reducing information asymmetry and agency costs, have reduced the cost of capital, which ultimately forces companies to restructure their financial mix and capital structure. Therefore, some components of corporate governance and cost of capital have important implications for capital structure decisions of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange.

Companies can strategically hold cash to reduce the risk of cash flow uncertainty to meet the company's investment needs on research and development activities. Companies with financial constraints and high cash flow risk tend to save cash by reducing investment. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate whether cash flow uncertainty has an effect on R&D cost with the moderating role of financial constraint. Or not? The statistical population of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2014 and 2019 and using the information of 120 companies and the multivariable linear regression method, the hypothesis was tested. According to the results of the first hypothesis test, the uncertainty variable of cash flow, considering that its significance level is less than 5%, which indicates a significant relationship with the cost of research and development, and also the results of the second hypothesis indicate that the hypothesis of the interactive variable ( financial limitation * uncertainty of cash flow) considering that its significance level is less than 5%, which indicates a significant relationship with the cost of research and development.