فصلنامه چشم انداز مدیریت دولتی
پیاپی 51 (پاییز 1401)

 The present study aims to identify the consequences of leaders' ambiguity tolerance and design a comprehensive model of these consequences.

Design/ methodology/ approach: 

  This research has been done with a qualitative approach which is the content analysis method. The statistical population of study includes academic experts and executive experts of the Ministry of Petroleum who have experience in decision making and management in the condition of uncertainty. The statistical sample of study was nineteen people. The sampling was purposeful and performed by snowball method. Data were collected through interviews with experts. For data analysis, three-step Attride-Stirling coding and theme network analysis method were used.

 After analyzing the data, the consequences of leaders' ambiguity tolerance were categorized into two comprehensive themes, individual and organizational consequences. Findings showed that individual consequences (cognitive, psychological and functional) along with organizational consequences (human resources, process, market and finance) provide a strong incentive for organizations to pay serious attention to the leaders' ambiguity tolerance and their attempt to improve it.

Limitations & Consequences:  

The study has been done in the Petroleum industry that has specific characteristics. So the generalization of results to other areas is challenging.

Practical Consequences: 

 The model of leaders' Ambiguity Tolerance helps to better explain the importance and necessity of leaders' ambiguity tolerance.

Innovation or value of the Article: 

what this article adds to the research in this field is identifying the consequences of leaders' Ambiguity Tolerance and providing a model of them.

 In the present era, achieving development is one of the most important goals of any country, and the administrative system is the most important implementer of developmental policies. In addition, the administrative system is responsible for providing services to citizens, and if it is not designed to meet these two duties, in fact, its costs are more than its benefits. Hence, the issue of administrative change is on the agenda of many countries. In order to reform administrative system smoothly, it is important to identify the internal factors of the administrative system that need to be reformed, the external factors that affect the reforms but are not controllable, as well as the factors that facilitate the implementation of administrative reform. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the internal and external factors affecting the administrative system reform as well as facilitators of implementation.

Design/ methodology/ approach:

 An attempt has been made to systematically analyze and evaluate previous research findings by a meta synthesis method. The statistical population of the study is all articles, books, theses and documents related to the subject of administrative system reform that the most relevant studies were selected with a purposeful approach.

 Based on the final research framework, the factors affecting the administrative system reform can be classified into three dimensions like internal variables, external variables and facilitators of administrative reform and they consist of 16 categories.

Practical Consequences:

 The final research framework can be used as a tool to design and implement administrative system reform plans.

Innovation or value of the Article:

 In this research, a classification of effective factors in designing administrative system reform programs in terms of controllable and uncontrollable factors as well as facilitators has been done, which is the novelty of this research.

The aim of this research is to develop a reward program for governmental organizations based on the Hay Group and indicators of decent work carried out as a case study, the General Directorate of cooporative labour and social welfare of Qom, was considered .

Design /Methodology /Approach:

 By referring to library documents and resources and obtaining expert opinions, the effective components on the payment of bonuses to the organization and management at the micro level have been identified. Then, by participating and interviewing five organizational academics and using the importance - performance analysis model, the importance of each component was determined. In order to measure the performance (current executive status) of the studied executive body, 15 employees by Random sampling was selected and according to the question, a survey was conducted.

After analysis according to the model IPA The findings showed that there is a gap between the desired situation and the current situation in the reward payment system, and the components of performance - cognition, support and social dialogue, need more focus and strengthening. Continuity of salary components is desirable and necessary, but an exaggeration is seen in using some components of work - life balance and benefits and it is necessary to control it. In addition, the component of research opportunities has low importance in developing a reward strategy.

Limitations and Consequences: 

The present study is limited to the rewards for a governmental organization (case study), so its application addresses the micro level of rewards of similar government organizations. It is suggested that in future studies, with wider sampling, other types of organizations be studied from a macro perspective.

Practical Consequences: 

Managers and researchers can use the results of this research to review the status of their organization and develop and improve reward strategies.

Innovation or value of the article: 

This research, by providing an innovative and integrated frame work, is considered as a good guide to identify gaps and weaknesses in compensation systems and improve reward strategies, and in this regard, suggestions in the form of relationship rewards and more effective exchanges, provided .

In recent years, the entrepreneurial government with emphasis on government re-creation has been proposed as one of the new Public management approaches in many Countries of the world, which needs to identify the factors influencing the creation and development of this form of government. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify the drivers of entrepreneurial government development.

Design/ methodology/ approach:

 In this research, the strategy of qualitative content analysis with a deductive approach has been used in the framework of documentary research. Also, the development of an appropriate coding framework for the implementation of qualitative content analysis with the Meta-synthesis method has been done.

In this study, the drivers of entrepreneurial government development were divided into five categories: "structural drivers", "content drivers", "contextual drivers", "technological drivers" and "fundamental drivers".

Limitations & Consequences: 

Considering the summary of global theoretical foundations in this research, in order to use the results, one must pay attention to the specific characteristics of governmental organizations.

Practical Consequences: 

Paying attention to the five drivers mentioned in the process of developing the entrepreneurial government can lead to the promotion of entrepreneurship in governmental organizations.

Innovation or Value of the Article: 

Regarding the drivers presented in this study, considering that a comprehensive model for the development of the entrepreneurial government has not been presented so far with emphasis on both micro and macro levels of government, this study can be considered a comprehensive and appropriate roadmap for the development of the entrepreneurial government. To be taken.

Considering the social concerns in recent years, the policy of governments to increase resilience has moved towards a resistance economy due to the economic, social, financial and environmental crises caused by sanctions. This study seeks to design and explain the e-government policy model based on the resistance economy approach in the Ministry of Science, research and technology.

Design/ methodology/ approach: 

  The present research is developmental and applied in terms of purpose, and the theme analysis technique obtained from interviews with senior managers of the Ministry of Science and university professors Were asked, and the final model was extracted by using structural equation modeling and establishing a self-interaction matrix. Finally, 15 people were interviewed using the snowball random sampling method.

  After data collection, the related themes were reviewed and revised. First, the codes were reviewed, and their validity was evaluated. Finally, 12 main themes and 24 sub-themes were extracted, which were designed using structural equations and forming the self-interaction matrix of the model. At the end, the final model was presented based on the obtained themes.

Limitations & Consequences:  

This study was conducted in the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology to design and present the existing local model to identify the variables and their influences. Future research should be done by other ministries and governmental organizations.

Practical Consequences: 

 The model obtained from the study for the Ministry of Science was presented for the first time and can play an important role in the decision-makingprocess of top managers.

Innovation or value of the Article:  

The present research is the only study in this area by which the design of the model has provided a new way of information for the analysis of policy reform in a coherent way to senior managers.

 The aim of this study is to identify and prioritize the impact and affectability of the work preferences of millennial employees in governmental organizations in West Azerbaijan province. This research is applied in terms of purpose.

Design/Methodology/Approach:

 This research in terms of typology of research is among the studies mixed with qualitative and quantitative approach in the deductive-inductive paradigm. In the qualitative part, the qualitative content analysis method and in the quantitative part, the Dematel method has been used to examine the factors. The statistical population of this study in the qualitative part was management professors that according to the purpose of the study, sampling was done purposefully using the snowball technique and 17 people were choosed. The statistical population of this study in quantitative part was a small number of middle and senior managers of governmental organizations in West Azerbaijan province who participated by using the probabilistic sampling method available to 34 managers. In the qualitative part, the data obtained from the interviews led to the extraction of 14 factors of work preferences related to millennial employees.

 According to Dematel analysis, concluding unconventional employment contracts, diversity of work and compensation of merit-based services are the most effective and job security, promotion and being in a career-oriented career path are the most influential among preferences, and factors of job and employee suitability, unconventional contracts and strategic interactions are the most important work preferences of millennial employees.

Limitations & Consequences: 

Impossibility of generalizability of research results to all communities, use of interview tools and questionnaires to assess the level of honesty of participants in answering questions are among the limitations of current research.

Practical Consequences:

 Millennial employees have special preferences and expectations Which differs from other generations that will continue to operate in the organization if realized, so identifying and evaluating the impact and affectability of millennial employees' work expectations lead to attracting and maintaining worthy employees of the millennial generation in organizations.

Innovation or value of the Article: 

The results of research in the field of work preferences of millennial employees have innovations and will help managers of governmental organizations to understand the importance of employees' work preferences.

 In the 21st century, the mission of the university is to train human resources and the next generation to be committed, innovative and entrepreneurial. Be innovative and entrepreneurial and believe in yourself. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design an entrepreneurial university model with an organizational approach in higher education.

Design/ methodology/ approach:

   This research was conducted in terms of applied-developmental goal, in terms of descriptive nature and in terms of method, combined (mixed). The statistical population in the qualitative section was 20 people including experts in the field of entrepreneurship education and members of entrepreneurship centers and in the quantitative section was 967 faculty members of Khorasan Razavi Azad Universities, of which 258 people were selected as a statistical sample. The sampling method in the qualitative part was the targeted method and snowball and in the quantitative part was the quota sampling method. The method of data collection was library and field methods and measurement tools in the qualitative part using the Delphi technique and in the quantitative part according to the corona conditions was an online researcher-made questionnaire whose questions were taken from interview data. In order to test the research hypotheses, the structural equation modeling method was used and for this purpose, AMOS statistical software version 24 was used.

  In the qualitative part, in the first round of Delphi and according to the opinion of experts, 154 dimensions and 597 components were designed for the entrepreneur university variable and 37 dimensions and 14 components for the organizational learning variable. Finally, after the end of the third round, the conceptual model of the research included 21 dimensions and 34 components for the entrepreneur university variable and 6 dimensions and 6 components for the organizational learning variable, which was a quantitative questionnaire. The results of this study identified the dimensions of entrepreneurial university and organizational learning and the priority of each of them and showed that all 21 dimensions of entrepreneurial university were effective factors on the entrepreneurial university model. Due to the degree of impact (factor load), it was observed that the dimensions of environmental factors, new business creation and entrepreneurial leadership had a greater impact on the entrepreneurial university, respectively. The results also showed that all six dimensions of teamwork, creating a supportive culture in the organization, leadership style, organizational strategy, organizational structure and the role of senior management are effective factors in measuring organizational learning and it was observed that the dimensions of organizational strategy, organizational structure and Leadership style had a greater effect on measuring organizational learning, respectively. Findings indicate that organizational learning with an impact factor of 0.79 has a role in creating entrepreneurship in the university and is effective. The framework of this study led to the presentation of the entrepreneurial university model with an organizational learning approach in higher education and provided the basis for paying attention to the priorities of the entrepreneurial university in the free universities of Khorasan Razavi.  Limitations & Consequences: The limitations of this research are: due to lack of time and cost, it was not carried out in the universities of the country. Triangulation method was not used in this research due to the lack of observation. Due to the Corona situation, sampling was done in a small part of the quota sampling type.

Practical Consequences: 

The framework of this research can lead to the presentation of the Entrepreneurial University model with an organizational learning approach in higher education and provide the context to pay attention to the priority of Entrepreneurial University factors in higher education.

Innovation or value of the Article: 

The present research is the only research in the field of designing an entrepreneurial university model in higher education, which has been carried out according to the organizational learning approach.