پژوهش نامه روانشناسی مثبت
سال هشتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 32، زمستان 1401)

The present study aimed to design and test a structural model for the effect of positive leadership on proactive work behavior and psychological empowerment via the mediation of organizational resilience. The sample consisted of 140 employees from a port company who were selected by random sampling method. They completed four questionnaires related to their positive leadership, proactive work behavior, psychological empowerment and organizational resilience. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for analyzing the data. The results showed that the proposed model fit the data very well. In addition, the results indicated an indirect effect of positive leadership on proactive work behavior and psychological empowerment through the mediation of organizational resilience. Based on the findings of this study, it can be mentioned that positive leadership has an effective role in increasing organizational resilience and psychological empowerment. It is suggested that specific attention be paid to the concept of organizational resilience due to its applications in today's workplace and competitive advantage for organizations.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of self, others, and situation forgiveness from adolescence to emerging adulthood. To this end, 395 individuals, aged 12 to 25 years in four age groups living in Isfahan, Iran, were selected by cluster (for the first three groups) and available sampling (for the fourth group). The study was a cross-sectional study with using the causal-comparative design and the required data were collected with the Forgiveness Scale. The results of the analysis of variance showed that forgiveness of self had a slight decreasing trend from the beginning of adolescence to adulthood. The results also revealed that forgiveness of others declined from 12 to 16 years of age, however, it increased in emerging adulthood. Moreover, the changes in situation forgiveness were not significant in four groups. Eta squared results showed a small effect of age on the forgiveness of self (2%) and forgiveness of others (4%). Finally, there was no significant gender difference in the forgiveness of self and others in different age groups.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of multidimensional spiritual therapy for reducing patients' anxiety after cardiac bypass surgery. The study utilized a quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this study included patients who had coronary artery bypass surgery and were referred to the Rehabilitation Center of Tehran Heart Hospital in 2018. Thirty patients who scored high for anxiety on the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DAS-21) questionnaire were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was exposed to an independent variable (multidimensional spiritual intervention) for ten 90-minute sessions in the hospital rehabilitation center. The results of repeated measurement test showed that there was a significant difference in the anxiety scores for the experimental and control groups in the pre-test, post-test, and one-month and three-month follow-up stages. In addition, there was a significant difference in the pretest-posttest in the spiritual group. There was no significant difference in post-test scores between one-month and three-month follow-ups. Reducing negative emotions by multidimensional spiritual therapy plays an important role in preventing the more severe complications of heart disease, therefore, interventions based on the results of this study are recommended for heart patients.

With the introduction of positive psychology, the attention of psychology has shifted from focusing on disorders and psychological problems to the scientific study of positive personal experiences traits and the institutions that evolve these experiences. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between perfectionism and subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction positive and negative affect). The research design was descriptive-correlational and the sample included 353 students (233 females and 120 males) at Islamic Azad University- South Tehran Branch, Iran. The participants responded to Self-Compassion Scale Short Form (SCS-SF), Life Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (TMPS). The results of path analysis showed that perfectionism and self-compassion explained 33% of the variance of life satisfaction, 15% of the variance of positive affect, and 22% of the variance of negative affect. Furthermore, 17% of the variance of self-compassion was explained by perfectionism. Thus, the research has some implications for overcoming the destructive effects of perfectionism on subjective well-being through teaching self-compassion.

Food cravings and weight control self-efficacy are psychological issues that can initially and steadily lead to the phenomenon of overweight. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of body appreciation training and self-healing training for food cravings and weight control self-efficacy among overweight women. The method included pretest posttest quasi-experimental design with control group and quarterly follow-up period. Among overweight women referring to control and weight loss centers in Isfahan, 45 were purposed selected and randomly assigned to three groups. The first experimental group participated in 14 weekly 90-minute sessions of body appreciation training and the second experimental group received 14 sessions of 90 minutes and weekly self-healing training. Also, the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. The research instruments were food cravings and weight-bearing self-efficacy questionnaires. The results of repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that in the variables of food cravings and weight control self-efficacy, there was a significant difference between body appreciation training group and self-healing training group with control group. However, there was no significant difference between body appreciation training group and self-healing training group. According to the results, body appreciation training and self-healing training can be used to reduce food cravings and increase self-efficacy related to weight control in overweight women.

Different studies have examined the relationship between dark and light personality dimensions and life satisfaction. Using the structural equation method, this correlational descriptive study aimed to determine the relationship between dark and light dimensions of personality with life satisfaction as mediated by value orientations. To this end, 400 people who referred to health centers in Tabriz, Iran were selected through convenience sampling method. To collect data, Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, Dark Triad Personality Questionnaire, Light Triad Personality Questionnaire, and the Value System Questionnaire were used. Then the data were analyzed using the structural equation method. While the dark dimensions had a negative effect on life satisfaction, the light dimensions had a positive effect. There was a negative relationship between dark dimensions and life satisfaction as mediated by value orientations. Meanwhile, there was a positive relationship between light dimensions and life satisfaction as mediated by value orientations. Therefore, the dark and light dimensions of personality and the way of value orientation are related to the level of life satisfaction. Accordingly, researchers can examine the effectiveness of these variables on life satisfaction through developing psychotherapy interventions influencing the variables of dark and light dimensions of personality and value orientation.