نشریه فرهنگ و زیست فناوری معماری
پیاپی 3 (زمستان 1400)

Biophilia theory, for the first time by his Edward O. Wilson, a professor of livability at Harvard University, was published in his book in 1984. In fact, he first refers to the inner dependence of human beings on living organisms. From the terminology of terminology, the term Biophilia means "loving life or system of life" and for the first time was used by the forum to explain a cognitive orientation in regard to "the attractiveness of everything that is alive". On the other hand, it seems that the best analysis of human perceptual system in the environment can be related to the finding of environment in the knowledge of environmental psychology and a kind of post - mortem and the nature of human nature and nature (environment). However, cognitive assessment of architectural elements based on ecological attitude can be effective in enhancing the planning and design of housing. This study is based on the fundamental nature and according to nature, cognitive research. The research method is descriptive - analytic which has benefited from data collection tools including library studies. In addition, the method of logical reasoning has been used in retrieving the conceptual model. In line with Meta - analysis, a Meta - analysis of for conclusion of the studies in this relationship and better access to the comprehensive model of architecture of Biophilia architecture is utilized in planning and housing planning.

Native architecture of Iran is based on the influence of environmental and environmental factors caused by friendship with nature and associated with it. Also, climate as a factor has produced different architectural species in climatic regions, especially in the cold and dry climate. In this regard, the courtyard is one of the elements of local residential architecture that has a different climate structure in different regions under the influence of environmental conditions. The importance of this element is that as an essential element in architecture, it acts as a structure of relation with nature especially in traditional Iranian homes. The main issue in this study is the study of the yard position in the architecture of traditional climatic houses in the cold region of Iran. The results of this study are the study of physical structure and analysis of climatic criteria in the region of the cold region of Iran which has been presented in different regions in the region. Therefore, the number of 30 in the cold climate in selected cities is selected and analyzed by the K - mean clustering method. The results show that a unit structure is found in the model pattern in this climate, which has a substantial impact on the nature of ecology and ecology (light, air, plant species and relationship with nature). Comparison of courtyard forms and locating of some building blocks in different sides of it shows that seasonal conditions cause change in residential land use in both climate which aims to determine some kind of climatic adaptation. the large area of building massing in the facing side of the sun (side of the north) in the cold climate indicates the adaptation to seasonal conditions and the use of sunshine in winter is very cold and prolonged in this region: meanwhile, plant planting in this area shows the willingness to adapt to nature in the patterns in this climate.

Energy Efficiency in bionic Buildings and Green Architecture bionic are important tools to ensure coordination between buildings and the natural environment, maintaining ecological balance and achieving sustainable development in the construction of buildings. According to a review of bionic technologies for the functions, structures and construction materials, the present study analyzes applications and forms of energy efficiency in the bionic buildings and green architecture of For instance, by exploiting the nature of nature in buildings, based on the ideal natural ventilation system, which exists in the termites " s den, innovations in architecture have been made. In addition, the passive construction technology using solar energy sources can not only improve the quality of the thermal environment within the building, but also reduces energy consumption in the building. Inspired by the mechanical properties, structural relations and the function of natural materials and its use in the structure of the building or its shape design, large structures such as cables and structures with thin shells, resembling spider webs and eggs, are designed. In short, the development of green architecture and energy efficiency in the bionic buildings should follow the laws of nature and respect them. The study of mechanisms used in biological systems is necessary, coupled with new building technologies, to support innovation in building and to develop rapid development in building green buildings and energy efficiency in buildings.

Biomimicry (including bio meaning life and mimesis meaning imitation) is a new field that studies the best ideas of nature and imitates these designs and processes to solve human problems. Pay In this field, our approach to design processes is that designers look at nature (especially organisms or ecosystems) to solve a specific human need. The main goal of this research is to investigate the reduction of energy consumption in nuclear power plants, especially with natural energies. The research method was descriptive and analytical and the measurement method was using Abacus software; therefore, in order to achieve reliable results, Abacus finite element software has been used to model the proposed shapes and reduce energy consumption in them. The results of the modeling showed that the optimal form of reinforcement for the external wall of the target buildings is the combination of stepped wall and outward curvature and the combination of stepped wall and inward curvature. Also, having biomimicry solutions in nature can be effective in reducing the energy consumption of these complexes, such as lava towers and East gate complex, etc.

Nowadays, the process of planning and design of residential complexes in Iran is done without regard to the relationship and process of adaptive evolution with nature, the result of which is an instability in biomass and the destruction of nature and environment. To overcome this problem in the contemporary decade, the biophilic approach has been raised which is the positive feeling of humans towards living beings. This study is one of the topics related to the nature of human nature towards manifestations of life which are known as the biophilic hypothesis of life. From the terminology of terminology, the term biophilia means loving life or system of life" and for the first time was used by the forum to explain a cognitive orientation in regard to "the attractiveness of everything that is alive. In this study, a survey and analysis method has been used to survey and prioritize architectural components in the design and planning of residential complexes. The findings show that factors 1. Environmental characteristics include color, water, air, natural light, plants, animals, natural materials, eyes first, and then respectively 1. The evolution of human and nature relations, 2. Normal form and form 3. Patterns and processes, 4. Light and space and 5. On the other hand, priority based on location of scheduling and design of residential complexes is first priority.

Referring to the concept of identity indicates historical continuity, but on the other hand, we should not ignore the fact that identity is constantly subject to the process of redefinition and reproduction. Therefore, is important in the formation of any identity, it is the nature of native identity, and in the meantime, the role of natural elements is important in the formation of native identity. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of natural factors on place identity. The research method is a survey, for this purpose, a questionnaire has been prepared, in which the impact of natural elements has been measured in Oramanat landscape. The measurement tool is a researcher-made questionnaire, whose reliability index has been checked by "Cronbach's alpha" statistic. The findings of the research show that the results of this research showed that there is a significant relationship between natural factors and place identity in Oramanat city and natural elements have an important role in creating the landscape identity of Oramanat city as one of the newly built cities of the foothills and to increase the identity, it is necessary to be inspired and properly exploited from them.

Biological evolution through genetic diversity causes morphological diversity, which leads to a high level of adaptation, performance and resource efficiency. However, the biological design resulting from the evolution in the non-linear method is often non-intuitive and unexpected. Undirected evolutionary processes are very good at discovering new design possibilities in an endless way. Therefore, biological evolution is completely different in the gradual and permanent line of convergence of technical optimization with defined and fixed proportionality functions. Evolutionary algorithms based on Darwin's principles are mainly developed to solve multi-criteria problems in technology. Technical goals are defined as fitness functions and the evolutionary mechanisms of selection, inheritance, reproduction and mutation are used as stochastic optimization processes. These metacognitive algorithms do not include recent insights into the micro and macro evolutionary mechanisms resulting from genomics, phylogenomics and population genomics. Like natural evolution, the architectural design process is an endless process that discovers possible solutions. However, in order to guide this wide and dynamic design space, most of the design methods in architecture are based on the typology method. Designers, based on their knowledge and understanding of the problems, usually limit the solution space to a specific, interpretive, spatial or programmatic structure that is iteratively matched to specific design requirements. The inherent limitations of typology-based methodologies exclude a wide range of effective types and better design types. On the other hand, the dynamic of biological evolution shows ways to increase the design space that continuously leads to new and unknown possibilities that are potentially in a new set of typologies that still push the limits. They fulfill Therefore, in architecture, evolutionary processes correspond more to discovery processes compared to optimization tools.