نشریه مطالعات رسانه های نوین
سال هشتم شماره 32 (زمستان 1401)

With the increasing use of new communication technologies, public opinion management tools have also undergone fundamental changes; both in terms of method and theoretical foundations, there have been developments in the field of public opinion management that double the need to review and develop the theoretical literature of the past. What is now being referred to as a new way of managing public opinion in recent years, and especially after the 2016 US election, is the issue of "social manipulation". The authors believe that Iran is one of the countries that is exposed to hostile social manipulation by regional and supra-regional powers due to its special communication position. To this end, with the framework of hostile social manipulation, the cyber actions of Saudi Arabia against the Islamic Republic of Iran have been studied. For the present study, more than 900,000 data related to Iran in Arabic were extracted by Twitter from the social network Twitter until 2021 & 2022 years; Then, using the network analysis method, the activity of Saudi users has been specially studied. The results of the study show that Saudi Arabia, with its hostile social manipulation techniques, especially by investing in cyber tools, seeks to discredit, destabilize, weaken, and sometimes promote specific groups and institutions that are important to the country's competitive power.

Social capital is defined by the World Bank as social norms hidden in social structures, which has the role ‎of coordinating people's actions to achieve goals. With the increase of electronic communication, the ‎platform of social capital has changed and the concern of researchers has moved towards online social ‎capital. The purpose of this article is to analyze the opinions of experts against and in favor of the ‎emergence of this variable. Due to the review nature of the article, 138 internationally articles were ‎reviewed, and due to the inappropriateness of the title, abstract, and content of 78 articles, 60 were ‎considered for final review. The review of these cases examines the studies conducted in the field of ‎online social capital and the results from the experts' point of view. The results show that although online ‎social capital has been approved by researchers to a large extent, the opposing opinions in this regard ‎show that the use of online social capital in a favorable situation requires strengthening of electronic ‎communication skills, platform development. Different types and how to use them correctly. So there is ‎still no collective agreement among experts regarding the status of social capital in online social networks, ‎and more research is needed to identify the status of this nascent concept more clearly. This study, as an ‎opening to start coherent studies of the state of social capital in social networks and electronic ‎communications, guides the importance and necessity of different qualitative and quantitative researches ‎in this connection.‎

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the willingness to share knowledge in social networks. This research is applied research. The statistical population of the study consisted of postgraduate students of higher education institutes in Mashhad who were selected through the non-probability sampling method. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods and structural equations "SEM" in Smart PLS software. According to the results, interactive factors, pleasure in helping others, trust, perceived usefulness, ease of use Perceived, and adaptation have a positive and significant effect on attitude toward knowledge sharing, and organization of effort has a negative effect on attitude toward knowledge sharing. Knowledge automation does not affect attitudes toward knowledge sharing. Also, the influence of coworkers on the subjective norm of users has a significant positive effect on knowledge sharing. Knowledge automation factors, perceived ease of use, and accessibility of resources have a significant and positive effect on users' perceived behavioral control over knowledge sharing, as well as an attitude toward knowledge sharing, perceived behavioral control of knowledge sharing has a tendency to share knowledge in Social networks have no effect and subjective norms about knowledge sharing have a positive and significant effect on the willingness to share knowledge in social networks.

One of the major sources of human knowledge that plays an important role in the survival and health of societies is the knowledge of governance and public administration. The policy-making system, in accordance with the social, political, economic, cultural and technological environment of the world, must choose the appropriate style for successful governance. Due to the emergence of the network age and the influence of cyberspace in all aspects of individual life and governance policy, this study was conducted with the aim of designing a mental cognitive mapping model of governance on social networks using the Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET) which is one of the research methods is derived from neuroscience in management. For this purpose, in-depth semi-structured interviews were held with 12 experts, experts and researchers active in management, governance and social media with an average time of 3:24 hours and with geographical distribution from 5 provinces of the country: Tehran, Shiraz, Isfahan, Kermanshah and Mashhad, The interviews were conducted in Adobe Connect software environment. After analyzing the results, 67 concepts for model design were identified and finally 9Atlas.ti software was used to structure the consensus map. It is hoped that this model can open a new window for thinkers, government activists and strategic actors to formulate effective and efficient policies. Open social networks as a dynamic national media across national and cross-border.

This paper aims to investigate the effect of puzzling computer games on the creativity of elementary school students.

In this research, a quasi-experimental design was a pre-test and post-test design with a control group, the statistical population was all elementary school boys in Islamshahr, one of these schools was selected. The sample consisted of 30 students from the 4th to 6th grade who were selected by a simple random sampling method and by randomized replacement was performed in the control and experimental group. The research tool was included five puzzle games selected from between more than 200 puzzle games. Also, the data collection tool was a visual test of Form B for Torrance's creativity, which included four subscales: fluidity, flexibility, originality, and expansion. The method of data collection was a survey and data analysis was done by independent t-test.

Data analysis showed that computer games had a positive effect on creativity and its dimensions, and the research hypotheses were confirmed at a significant level of 0.001.

The results showed that computer game puzzles that have some specific features, such as problem-solving, focus on searching and discovering, and having a variety of solutions, can be effective in fostering creativity.

Digital games are the latest media for advertising in cyberspace and among the fastest-growing digital media for advertising. In this research, we aimed to investigate the effect of advertising on digital advertising on reminder advertising, identified five factors affecting the content, including informing Message, message attractiveness, content accordance with the subject of the game, interaction in advertising content and the existence of sales promotion in the ads. To examine the effect of these factors, a sample of 782 people in Tehran who had behavioral behaviors above average with digital games was studied. It placed the main hypothesis of the research was confirmed, and it was determined that quality content is effective in reminding advertisers in digital games. Among the factors influencing the content of advertising, the impact of all factors was confirmed and it was found that the adaptation of advertising with the subject of digital play is the most important factor in content.

One of the sectors of society that, due to their lack of physical health, is always faced with many disabilities, whether in the use of public services or citizenship or active participation in society, these are disabled. Attitudes based on the discrimination of people with disables in society are based on assumptions about people with disables that are completely incompatible with their disability. Media is one of the tools that has been used to change people's attitudes. Especially, social media content is produced and selected by the community compare to media and newspapers are more attentive. This research is considered the role of media in changing the attitude of the citizens of Tehran based on the Elaboration likelihood model (ELM), that media explanation social network. This research is a descriptive survey and the statistical population of this research is citizens of Tehran (over eighteen). The results show that focus on central route content producing in the social network has an impact on cognitive attitudes, emotional attitudes and readiness attitudes for action. Also, focus on peripheral route content producing in the social network has an impact on cognitive attitudes and emotional attitudes, but it hasn’t impact readiness attitudes for action.

Being absent in traditional sociological analysis, today the body and the body concept is at the heart of our sociology, social life, and identity self-concept. With the development of modern media and communication technologies, one of the most important challenges in the field of body management relates to the uncertainty of the impact of global forces or local contexts. Drawing on the world-localization approach and based on the Robertson’s, Goddens’s, Fiderstone’s and social acceptance theories, this paper has investigated the impact of modern media use on body management mediated by social acceptance among club women in Noorabad Mamassani. In his research, the survey methodology was used, the data were collected using a questionnaire, and the sample was selected through simple random sampling. According to the results of the research, women mostly used modern media, respectively: knowing about the sports equipment and use of them, search for fitness patterns, and knowing about fashion and clothing (the Internet); the use of fashion advertising networks, watching science, medical, sports, and commercial (satellite) programs. Among the multiple indicators of body management construct, sports and fitness, surgery and beauty of the body and quality of clothing were the most influential indicators. Comparing the impact of modern media (0.81) and social acceptance (0.17) on body management, it can be said that modern media significantly increase women's attention to body management more than social acceptance in different aspects.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of social media-based marketing activities on the intention of the presence of fans with the mediating role of team identity and satisfaction (case study of Esteghlal's Instagram page).

Descriptive-correlational research method and statistical population of the study, including all fans of Esteghlal Football Cultural and Sports Club, which 434 questionnaires were collected and analyzed online on Cafe Pardazesh website. Sevo Park's social marketing questionnaire, the intention of Aachen spectators, Oliver's satisfaction and Trail and James' team identity questionnaire were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data.

The findings showed that social media marketing has an effect on team identity, satisfaction and intention to be present, team identity affects the satisfaction and intention of the presence of the fan and the satisfaction of the fan has an effect on the intention to attend. Team identity does not play a mediating role between social media marketing in terms of fan presence, and contentment plays a mediating role between social media marketing in terms of fan presence.

Today, traditional customer relationship management methods are not responsive to management. For this reason, various organizations and industries have considered using attractive methods in social media to attract their audiences.

Social networks have provided a convenient platform for communication between users due to their ease of use and they have infiltrated people's social life with great speed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the sharing of travel experience in social networks, which are classified into two categories of facilitators and deterrents. Perceived pleasure, altruism and self-fulfillment variables as facilitators and personal variables, relationships, security reasons, and privacy were examined as deterrents. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study included tourists and visitors to the tourist destination of Babolsar city. The statistical sample was calculated based on Cochran's formula of 384 people. Simple random sampling method was used to select the sample. Data were collected through the distribution of a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS24 and SmartPLS2 software package. Findings indicate the importance of the effect of deterrents and facilitators on sharing travel experiences on social networks and the results encourage tourism and marketing activists to become aware of the power of user-generated content through social media.

Virtual social networks have been used by many people in the community as an attractive way of communication. Therefore, a considerable amount of information is shared on these sites, which has potentially significant implications for individuals' social identities and lifestyles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of virtual social networks on students' social identity and lifestyle. The statistical population of the present study includes all students of Farhangian University of Mashhad. According to the statistics received from Farhangian University, approximately (2112) people were studying in the academic year 1396, which using the Cochran's formula, 322 people were selected as the statistical sample size. The research method is survey method, cross-sectional in terms of time and type of applied studies, and the method of random sampling was simple. The measurement tool in this study is a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed by expert professors and its reliability was estimated and confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test of 0.80. Analysis of findings in this study from tests Parametrics such as Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and regression were used. Findings show that there is a relationship between the use of social networks with lifestyle and social identity and the use of social networks based on age and gender.

Social media have provided brand-new capacities for affecting users, and leading them toward social action. The aim of the current research was to develop a model of factors affecting opinion leadership of social media users in creating social action. To this end, a correlational design was adopted to describe the relationship between predictor varibels of leader’s reputation and attractiveness, expertise, normativity, social status, similarity to users, official media, message characteristics, the users’ influenceability, and criterion variable of dissemination of calls for social action, and simultaneous social action on Instagram social media. A researcher-developed questionnaire which its validity and reliability were confirmed, was filled out by 393 participants. Cronbach’s Alpha for all sub-scales, except for one, was greater than .70. The current research findings showed that opinion leadership on social media did not directly affect the simultaneous social action of users, rather, its influence was mediated by opinion leader’s “reputation and attractiveness”, “users’ influenceability”, and “dissemination of calls for social action”. Also, “message characteristics” had the greatest effect on the opinion leadership. The findings can be employed by educational and scientific centers, and institutions responsible for contect production and dissemination, to create simultaneous social action through opinion leadership.

In this article, a favorable model for Iranian domestic media is designed and presented.In this research, according to the exploratory nature of the research, the grounded theory or data theory of the foundation was used. The exploratory method, the method of data collection was done qualitatively and using interview tools. The statistical sample in this study is 50 people. This research was conducted in three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. In axial coding, 6 main networks, 21 main components and 354 sub-components were identified as components of the new model of the World Media Newsroom to model domestic media. Based on the findings of this research, a four-layer newsroom including production network, product network, distribution network, and audience and customer network is designed. The characteristics of each layer and the relationship between the layers were also described: "Digitization of content production and distribution process", "Interactive content presentation" and cost reduction, agility and speed of news delivery and synergy and convergence in content production and distribution and reliance on artificial intelligence And data mining is one of these features.

Rumor and its impact on human social life has always been important. In recent years, with the expansion of cyberspace, the conditions for spreading rumors have been facilitated. This study has analyzed the narrative of the Yazdian youth from the prevalence of rumors in cyberspace. This study was a qualitative research was performed according to grounded theory. The participants was the youth of Yazd, 24 of them were purposefully selected and studied through interviews, and open, axial and selective coding was used to analyze them. Based on interviews with young people, 43 concepts, 20 first categories, 14 second categories, 5 core categories (rumor prevalence, rumor belief, rumor credibility, rumor enhancement and rumor attenuation) and the phenomenon of "The razor's edge of the news malfunction in cyberspace" are constructed. It turned out that shows paradoxical space and so-called two edges of function and malfunction information in cyberspace. The results showed the negative view of young people on cyberspace and news published in this context, and the best way to reduce the impact of rumors and their dissemination is to inform and promote media literacy of the audience.