نشریه مطالعات مدیریت دولتی ایران
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 16، تابستان 1401)

One of the mechanisms that can improve the quality of the government is transparency. Accordingly, many governments hope to reduce corruption in the government and improve their financial performance by relying on transparency, while increasing citizens' confidence. Several researches have been conducted on the antecedents and consequences of transparency in the government. Despite all the media hype and the optimistic perception of such effects of transparency, some scholars have been hesitant about the effectiveness of this state-management mechanism in recent years. Despite the positive effects of transparency, it seems to have a series of negative effects as well. In this issue, some of these negative works are reviewed and analyzed.

Public policies are the link between national governance and public administration. The ultimate goal of these policies is to solve public problems. The policy problem refers to a need that has not been met, a value that is not respected, or an opportunity that has not been used. Problem-oriented is a characteristic of the realm of public policy. But under the law of Unintended Effects, sometimes these policies not only don't solve problems, they make them worse. Regarding the causes of these effects, many scattered studies have been done. However, no comprehensive framework has been provided to diagnose these causes. Accordingly, the main question of this article is “why some public policies make the situation worse”. In the light of the “patient-doctor” metaphor, the author examines and analyzes the twenty causes of this phenomenon by citing evidence in Iran. The author claims that this framework of causes can be a diagnostic framework for evaluating the quality of public policies. At the end, the theoretical and practical implications of this analysis will be presented and reviewed for researchers and policymakers.

Public research institutes are a type of research and development organizations that have been created with the investment of governments to meet the research needs of the public sector. They have a large number and variety in different countries. Therefore, a proper understanding of the requirements and characteristics of these types of organizations, as well as knowing the main features that differentiate them from each other, is very important for managers and policy makers in the technology field at different levels. In this paper, an attempt has been made to present the typology of these public organizations by applying a meta-synthesis approach and reviewing international original articles, as well as studying documents and annual performance reports of 30 top research institutes in Iran. For this purpose, in the first step and by applying meta-synthesis method, the existing literature was reviewed and the results of text analysis were categorized in the form of 32 selected codes, 9 categories, and 3 themes as indicators of differentiation of these institutions. Then, the selected sample of research institutes was evaluated in the identified concepts to determine their status in each category in accordance with the existing documentation. The results of this research have identified two main types, including research institutes with the mission of supporting science and technology policymaking and research institutes with the mission of creating economic value, as well as two subtypes including a combination of the above two missions and the mission of technology transfer in Iran which have different characteristics. This typology can be used in the recognition, policy making, planning, evaluation and better management of these key actors of the national innovation system.

The purpose of this study is to discover and represent the recognized meaning of social responsibility in the public relations of copper mining-industrial organizations using the ideal type. For this purpose, after thematic analysis of social actions of seven prominent copper mining-industrial companies in the world in connection with the phenomenon of interest and discovering the hidden meanings, the Swedbergh  approach was used to review and validate the extracted meanings according to the opinion of 6 public relations experts of mining-industrial organizations. Findings led to the identification of three dimensions for the ideal type of social responsibility in public relations of the mentioned organizations: “demonstration of responsibility and social accountability” with 3 components, “practical commitment to the environment” with 8 components, and “giving prioritization to the model of sustainable development" with 4 components. The truth table obtained from these three dimensions provides 8 types of public relations, the ideal type of which is “sustainable public relations”. The result of a fuzzy comparison of public relations of one of the Iranian organizations in the copper industry with the ideal type recognized its species as “moving corpse” (weak in demonstrating social responsibility and accountability, weak in practical commitment to the action context and prioritizing the model of sustainable development).

The aim of this research is to discover and understand the behavioral model of strategic decision-making in Howza’ organizations. This study is developmental in terms of its purpose and is considered field study in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research is the Howza’ organizations of Iran, out of which 6 organizations were studied. In this study, the strategy of database theory was used to build the theory. After analyzing 30 interviews with managers of Howza organizations’ experts, 292 primary codes, 231 secondary codes, 89 concepts, 26 subcategories and 6 main categories were obtained. Finally, “strategic decision-making” was identified as a central phenomenon and became the axis of the paradigmatic model. In the assessed paradigm model, “organizational antecedents and drivers” as causal conditions, “Howza’ organizational culture” as actions and interactions (strategies), “intra-organizational factors” as intervening conditions, and “extra-organizational factors” as context conditions which cause strategic consequences. The strategic consequences include the categories of jihadi management, centralized management, the need to pay attention to strategy implementation and the need to pay attention to strategic control, which requires changing the pattern and type of behavior aimed at strategic decision-making in some circumstances by top managers of the organization.

Protecting the environment, promoting welfare, and so on. These transformations have changed the approach from economic growth to sustainable development approach; nevertheless, the subject that how to achieve the goals of sustainable development remains a global challenge. One of the most important tools known for the proper implementation of the sustainable development approach is good governance. The purpose of this study is to measure and validate the model of good governance with sustainable development approach based on the SOARA technique. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of implementation method and employed structural-equation modeling. The statistical population of this study includes managers and experts of the governorate and faculty members in university of Sistan and Baluchestan province reaching 816 people who were selected by stratified random sampling method, 400 people as a sample size. In order to collect information, a questionnaire was used and validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and reliability was measured and confirmed by combined reliability method. In order to analyze the data, structural-equation modeling method was used in Smart PLS software version2. As well, SOARA technique was used to prioritize the components and indicators of the research. The results showed that voice and accountability index with a final weight of 0.141, quality of rules with a weight of 0.131; Corruption control weighing 0.123; Rule of law weighing 0.102; Transparency weighing 0.09950 are the top factors in good governance model based on sustainable development approach in Sistan and Baluchestan province.

One of the infrastructures that can guarantee the economic and technological success of researchers and knowledge-based companies in the knowledge-oriented era is paying attention to “industrial property”. The lack of an effective industrial property policy for researchers and knowledge-based companies will be a serious threat. On the other hand, its existence will be a great opportunity. This research is considered a qualitative -development study and its methodology is Grounded Theory. It used the targeted sampling of the participants with the maximum difference. The necessary data and information were obtained from the documents, library sources and semi-structured interviews. For this purpose, 13 experts, professors, and experts with sufficient knowledge and practical experience were interviewed and the semi-structured method based on Atlas.ti software was used to collect the necessary research data. In total, the concepts extracted from the interviews were categorized into 850 primary codes and 6 main themes. After analyzing the text of the interviews, the quality and tools of the policy, the capabilities of the executives, the executive organization, as well as the results and consequences of the implementation were identified as the main dimensions and the final model was developed. The findings of the research show that 15 categories including 175 criteria are effective in evaluating the successful implementation of the policy, its results and consequences, and a proper understanding of the extracted criteria and their application in a valid evaluation system improves the efficiency and effectiveness of industrial property activities.