نشریه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی
پیاپی 46 (پاییز 1400)

Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that, depending on the type of plant,reduces the ability to produce crops.In order to investigate the effect of different concentrations of Humic acid on decreasing adverse effects of salinity in the Artemisia annua plant,a field pot experiment with three replications was conducted in the form of a factorial randomized complete blocks design at Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.The experimental treatments included three levels of Humic acid(0,150and300 mg/l)and three levels of salinity(laboratory NaCl:0,4 and 6 g/l).After applying the treatments and during the vegetative growth stage,samples were collected from the aerial parts, and the antioxidant capacity(DPPH),the amount of phenol(folinciocalto),flavonoid(aluminum chloride),photosynthetic pigment, proline and plant biomass were analyzed.The results showed that the application of Humic acid(300 mg/litre)and salinity(especially at 6 g/liter)respectively with the average 0.13, 0.39, 0.61, 6/18(mg/g fresh weight)and 20.92(μg/ml)could effectively increase the Artemisia annua photosynthetic pigments.The use of humic acid with a concentration of300 mg/liter and salinity(especially at a concentration of 4 g/liter)with an average of 2.39(mg of gallic acid per100g)and0.115(mg of quercetin per100g),respectively,in increasing the amount of phenol And flavonoid was effective.The maximum biomass of aerial organs was observed in the treatment of 150 mg/liter of humic acid and no application of salt with an average of15.5%.Therefore, Humic acid can partially compensate for the destructive effects of salinity in Artemisia annua.Using abiotic stresses(saline stress)and organic fertilizers(Humic acid)and combining these treatments at different concentrations could improve some morphological and biochemical characteristics in Artemisia annua, depending on the intended purpose.

In order to evaluate the effect of application of natural zeolite and zinc sulfate on wheat yield, an experiment was conducted as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications as a field in Jalilabad village of Pishva in Varamin region during 2019-2020 experimental year. Main factor included the treatment of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) at three levels of zero, 10 and 20 ton/ha and the second factor included the treatment of zinc sulfate (36% zinc) at three levels of zero, 30 and 60 kg/ha. The results showed that the effect of natural zeolite and zinc sulfate alone and their interaction at the level of one percent on most of the studied traits were significant. In comparing the mean interaction of natural zeolite and zinc sulfate, maximum plant height, spike length, peduncle length, flag leaf length, number of seeds per spike, number of fertile spikes per square meter, grain yield, biological yield and protein percentage were obtained in the treatment of 20 ton/ha of natural zeolite with 60 kg/ha of zinc sulfate. The highest harvest index was obtained in the treatment of 30 kg/ha of zinc sulfate. None of the mentioned treatments had a significant effect on 1000/grain weight. Combined use of natural zeolite and zinc sulfate increased the yield of wheat by 67.1% compared to control.

In order to study the effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on the performance and transfer of photosynthetic materials of triticale under rainfed conditions, a split plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design in two cropping years (2014 and 2015). The tested factors include biofertilizer (main factor) at five levels, control (no use), azotobarvar-1, mycorrhiza, phosphate fertilizer-2, potabarvar-2 and chemical nitrogen fertilizer (urea source) (secondary factor) at four levels, included, control, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha-1. The results showed that the combination of bio-chemical fertilizer increases the yield of fodder and transfer of materials. The efficiency of dry fodder in the combination of 100 and 150 kg/ha-1 of urea fertilizer with biological fertilizers was 5428, 5668 and 3528 kg/ha-1, respectively. The results showed that the maximum and minimum transfer of photosynthetic substances from vegetative organs to seeds (transfer of dry matter, share of transfer of dry matter to seeds, rate of transfer of dry matter from the stem) changes (634.6 g/plant) and (121%). The general results showed that in rainy conditions, the combined application of biofertilizer with urea during planting will result in the optimal yield of triticale.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of the planting date from spring to winter on the phenological stages and the performance of three types of tropical legumes (local beans, cowpeas and mung beans). This study was performed as a factorial in a complete randomised block design with 3 replications for two years (2018-2019) in Agricultural Research Center in Jiroft, Kerman, Iran Experimental treatments included three planting dates of 30th Jan, 9th Feb and 19th Feb and three tropical legumes. The results indicated that legumes requirement 1200 degree-days of temperature growth during their developmental stages, considering the base temperature of 15˚C. The highest degree-days of growth from planting to germination, greening and from one to five leaves stage belonged to mung bean. the results showed that the cumulative temperature gradually decreased during the stages of flowering initiation, full flowering, pod initiation and grain filling in Mung beans and two types of beans. Mung bean seed yield stability on all three planting days averaged 0.7 t.ha-1, demonstrating the ability of this crop to adapt to temperature. The seed yield in local beans and cowpeas was the highest content averaged 2.3 and 4.6 t/ h in last cultivation on 19th Feb. Cultivation of legumes in early winter is therefore recommended as it has the opportunity to provide a cumulative temperature and growing day. It can reduce the negative effects on plant growth caused by intense heat and evaporation. High transpiration should be superior to spring patterns cultivation.

rangeland monitoring is necessary in the sense of continuous investigation of these lands, considering the ecological importance, economic functions and constant changes of these resources. Based on this, monitoring of Khalil Beyg rangelands in Arsanjan city was done for 2 years (2020 and 2021). The evaluated plant indices included the percentage of canopy cover of plant species, production rate of plant species, percentage of litter, stones and pebbles, bare soil, rangeland condition and trend. The results showed that the percentage of plant canopy cover ranged from 10.98% in 2020 to 15.5% in 2021 and the amount of production varied from 350.208 to 566.306 kg of dry matter per hectare. The range condition of the poor state has been investigated in two years and its trend was negative. Based on the results of the comparisons made using the independent t test, most of the plant canopy cover indices (vegetative forms and different palatable classes) and production indices (vegetative forms and different palatable classes) between the two The year of the survey period (2020 represents a wet year and 2021 represents a dry year) had a significant difference at the level of 1 and 5%. The results of Pearson's correlation test also showed that the amount of fall and winter precipitation, annual precipitation, average minimum temperature and average annual temperature had the highest correlation in the canopy cover and total production of plants in the region.