نشریه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی
پیاپی 50 (پاییز 1401)

This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of some metal nanoparticles on some biochemical properties of lavender callus. ase in the amount of proline, soluble sugars, flavonoid and phenol. The highest amount of soluble sugars, flavonoids and phenols were obtained at the values of 8.46, 3.8, 3.02 and 79.35, respectively, in the treatment of simultaneous application of three nanoparticles. Based on the results, it was found that the content of soluble protein and the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes were positively affected by the application of metal nanoparticles, and the simultaneous application of iron and silver nanoparticles led to the highest amount of soluble protein at 0.2 units per gram. This was while the highest level of catalase (0.43 units/g/min) and peroxidase (0.4 units/g/min) enzymes were observed in the simultaneous application of all three nanoparticles and the simultaneous application of silver and zinc nanoparticles, respectively. Based on the results of this study, it was determined that the simultaneous application of metal nanoparticles with increasing the amount of non-enzymatic antioxidants and also increasing the activity of enzymatic antioxidants led to an increase in the health of cells and a decrease in the production of malondialdehyde, and by reducing the negative effects of oxidative stress in the plant, the conditions for An increase in the production of photosynthetic pigments is provided.

The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between physical and chemical properties of soil and wheat yield in the conditions of competition with weeds in Isfahan weather conditions. In the crop year 2019-2020, a field experiment was conducted in the form of a grid system with a distance of 2 x 2 meters. At each grid point, soil characteristics, wheat grain yield and Chenopodium album density were measured. The results showed that soil characteristics, weed density, and wheat yield at the field were not uniformly or randomly distributed, but had patchy or cumulative distribution. The results showed that Chenopodium album had a moderate spatial correlation with soil sand and EC content and a strong spatial correlation with soil potassium, while this weed was found in soils with low amount of phosphorus, clay, silt and pH. The cross-semi-variogram showed that the grain yield has a strong spatial correlation with phosphorus, potassium, pH, and clay traits at the rates of 85.8, 80.0, 80.3, and 80.9, respectively were in the range of 2.9, 3.6, 4.0 and 2.8 meters. The areas where the wheat yield was lower were often in accordance with the areas where the sand and EC content of the soil were the highest. In total, the results indicated that the grain yield of wheat at the field changed from one place to another, or in other words, it had a patchy distribution that these changes are affected by soil and weed characteristics.

The present study aims to investigate the changes in some physiological characteristics and water use efficiency of two ecotypes of Thymbra spicata L. in response to changes in water stress and plant density. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out as a split factorial based on the randomized complete block design with three replications in two growing seasons (2016 and 2017). The highest content of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b was observed in the treatments of non-stress and mild stress and at a density of 6 and 8 plants per m2. The highest content of total chlorophyll was observed in the treatment of non-stress and mild stress and at a density of 8 plants per m2 during the first year of the experiment. Increased plant density and intensity of water stress led to a decrease in the content of photosynthetic pigments. The highest content of carotenoids was observed at the treatment of mild water stress and a density of 8 and 12 plants m2 during the first year of the experiment. The highest content of anthocyanins was observed at the treatment of mild water stress and a density of 8 plants per m2. The highest content of total phenol and flavonoids was observed at the treatment of severe water stress and a density of 12 plants per m2. Finally, the highest amount of proline in the plant was observed in the second year of the experiment at the treatment of severe water stress and a density of 12 plants per m2.

In order to investigate the effect application of mycorrhizal fungus and potassium fertilizer on trait of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) in different irrigation levels, an experiment was conducted as split factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications during 2018-2019 in Marvdasht city. Four irrigation levels with 100, 75, 50 and 25% of field capacity were considered as the main plot and application and non-application of mycorrhizal fungus, application and non-application of potassium fertilizer as a factorial in the sub-plot. Analysis of variance indicated that the effects of irrigation, mycorrhiza, potassium, and also the interaction between irrigation and mycorrhiza on the studied traits were significant. With increasing of drought stress, plant height, number of lateral branches, number of follicles per plant, grain yield, biological yield and oil yield was decreased. The highest grain yield related to irrigation 100% of field capacity in the application of mycorrhizal (856 kg/ha) and the lowest grain yield was obtained irrigation with 25% field capacity in non-application mycorrhizal (174 kg/ha). Also, the results indicated that the application of mycorrhizal in treatment irrigation with 75% of field capacity led to an increase in traits of Black Cumin and there was no significant difference with 100% field capacity irrigation and no application of mycorrhizal treatment. In the 25% field capacity of irrigation, no significant difference was observed between the application and non-application of mycorrhizal for most traits of Black Cumin.

The general goal of this study is to investigate suitable triticale lines under normal conditions and drought stress using important grain yield and its components. Also, the technique of evaluating the Smith-Hazel coefficient for considering the yield components as indirect selection index, which has not been used practically in plant breeding sciences up to now, has been discussed and proposed. Accordingly, it would be possible to utilize the contribution of yield components in grain yield apply them to screen superior lines in the form of one single index. In this research two separate field experiments, normal irrigation and drought stress conditions, were conducted in three cropping years from 2016 to 2018 with 56 genotypes and two cultivars of triticale. Smith-Hazel selection index applied based on yield-related traits in such a way that the traits with a higher positive effect on grain yield were being utilized for screening aims. high heritability of yield and its component showed the possibility of using them as selection criteria to screen elite genotypes. For indirect selection the path analysis was carried out and calculated coefficient of the traits with higher impacts on yield containing number of days to flowering straw yield with negative impacts alongside flag leaf length and biomass yield with positive impacts in normal condition were used as economic coefficients. In stressful condition, spike weight and seeds and spikelet numbers per spike had a positive and significant effect on the selection index.

This study was used in order to diversify agricultural system by using fenugreek in mixed cultivation with linseed with the aim of determining the effect of mycorrhizal fungus symbiosis on the plant elements and the effect on intercropping indices. The farm factorial experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications and 15 treatments in Yasouj University in 2016. The experimental factors include the bio-fertilizer in three levels (control, the use of mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae and the use of mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis) and cultivation ratios at 5 levels (pure cultivation of oilseed and fenugreek and mixed cultivation of linseed and fenugreek with ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:2). The results showed that the application of mycorrhiza along with mixed cultivation improved the absorption of macro and micro elements, so that the highest concentration of iron, nitrogen and potassium in oilseeds leaves was seen in the ratio of 1:1 mixed culture along with mycorrhiza fertilizer. Also, mycorrhizal fungus F. mosseae together with 1:1 mixed culture brought the most nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus of fenugreek leaves. The interaction of mixed cropping and mycorrhizal fertilizer was not significant on any of the indicators of the usefulness of mixed cropping; but the use of mycorrhizal fertilizers increased the amount of actual lost yield and the ratio of the total land. In general, the use of mycorrhizal fertilizer, in addition to improving the absorption of elements, made the mixed cultivation of flax and fenugreek superior to their single crop.