نشریه امنیت انتظامی دریایی
پیاپی 49 (تابستان 1401)

The Persian Gulf, this advancement of water in the land, which has caused the separation of the Hejaz land from the Iranian plateau and the creation of geopolitics in the Middle East region, has a strategic and very important position in the field of international law. Considering the economic benefits of this waterway, especially in the field of oil and gas in the continental plateau region and the extensive exchange of goods in the Persian Gulf, the study and investigation of the legal system governing this international waterway is very sensitive and important.

The current research was conducted using analytical and descriptive methods.

In this research, by examining the legal system of the Persian Gulf and the agreements concluded regarding the delimitation of the boundaries between the coastal countries, the principles considered in the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea and the 1958 Convention on the Continental Shelf and the effect of the delimitation agreements between Iran And the countries of the Persian Gulf are taken into consideration in the formulation of the legal system of the Persian Gulf. According to the results obtained, in delimiting the limits of this strategic waterway, following the international laws and regulations, Iran has followed the usual and general practice in the Persian Gulf, which is to favor the fair line and the equal line of the parties.

The dependence of the global economy on maritime trade and the expansion of the levels of maritime trade in the global arena has caused the emergence of various forms of crimes at sea level. Its numerous forms, along with its high sphere of influence and influence, have been able to affect global security. In this research, the researcher tries to investigate the effects of maritime terrorism on international peace and security and the violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms, and to evaluate the trends and approaches related to this phenomenon.

In this research, the researcher tries to analyze the crime of maritime terrorism, its effects on international peace and security, by using the written sources of the library and articles written by researchers and international organizations, using the analytical-descriptive method. to evaluate violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms.

The results and findings of the research: 

The findings of the research indicate that the phenomenon of maritime terrorism with its goals and motivations has had a very wide impact on global security and the characteristics, components and propositions affecting it, its impact factor in It has greatly increased maritime security. Affected by the high levels of global trade volume in the seabed and the seabed economy, if maritime terrorism is benefited from the state origin or groups affiliated with the states in terms of technical, information and logistics, it is very difficult to fight and compared to other types of terrorism in A short period of time can disrupt international peace and security and by disrupting maritime trade and as a result, human, economic, health, food and energy security, can lead to violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms

Security is the bedrock of the growth of any society and people have always used all their material and spiritual tools and facilities throughout history to realize it and formed the government for this reason. One of the disturbing factors of security in Economic dimensions, smuggling of goods into the country without any rules. From the political point of view, goods smuggling is considered a negative point in countries; From the social aspect, smuggling of goods causes disruption of the social and income balance among the layers of the society and creates a rich and at the same time hated class in the society. From the economic point of view, the smuggling of goods also inflicts fatal blows on the economy of the society. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of smuggling of goods on the economic security of the country. 

The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of research design and method, and the statistical population includes the collective employees of the military-mission units of the police command headquarters of Bushehr province, which is 120 people using Cochran's table. They were chosen as a sample and in a simple random way. The tool for collecting information was a questionnaire made by the researcher, and content validity was used to check the validity of the questionnaire, and the reliability of the tool was checked by Cronbach's alpha test and calculated as 0.92.

The results showed that goods smuggling has an impact on the dimensions of economic security in such a way that with the increase in goods smuggling, the level of public participation, political stability, health of the legal system, health of the administrative system, quick access of countries to essential and strategic goods of the country and the rate of economic growth The country is declining. On the other hand, with the increase in the smuggling of goods, the level of political violence in the country increases.

Conflict is one of the examples of violation of social order and discipline and exists as an anomaly at the level of society, which creates an atmosphere full of hatred and enmity among people, and by laying the groundwork for creating further tensions, It harms the people of the society materially and spiritually. The purpose of the current research is to explain the sociological factors affecting the occurrence of conflicts in the port cities of Bushehr province (case study: Deir port).

This study is a survey study and questionnaire technique was used to collect research data. The statistical population is equal to people over 15 years old in Deir city. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula of 386 people and the questionnaires were distributed by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research data was processed using spss software.For the validity (validity) of the questionnaire, the content validity method and the face validity technique were used. In order to measure the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the explanatory power of the items.   

The analysis of the findings shows that the variables of social control, socio-economic status, education and gender, relative deprivation and social isolation have a significant relationship with conflict.

Maritime officers of the police command, according to the inherent duty assigned to them and within the framework of domestic and international laws and regulations, establish order and security in territorial waters and beaches, in case of direct observation or Based on the news received from sources and informants he trusts, with the coordination of the judicial authority and obtaining the assignment, he seizes sea vessels carrying cargo, and sometimes due to the failure to achieve the purpose and the discovery of illegal goods, the judicial authority orders the lifting of the seizure. The said float. In this regard, the cargo owners or transport operators due to the damage caused by the delay of the proceedings, which led to the damage and corruption of some goods and the violation of the obligation to deliver and unload the cargo at the time and place stipulated by They are filing a petition in Iran's judicial authorities, demanding compensation for the damages.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method.

Admirals act only for the assigned duty resulting from the inherent duty of the police contained in the law of the police force approved in 1369 and the rule of law under the supervision of the judicial authority subject to the codified criminal and civil laws. They will not have any responsibility.

This paper explores what is meant by ‘Maritime Crime’ and ‘Maritime Security’, building on the work of Natalie Klein and Christian Bueger. The term Maritime Security means different things to different people, while Maritime Crime, whereas perhaps easier to define, has been neglected by criminologists and crime scientists whose perspective has largely remained landlocked. Given the enormous value of maritime assets – not just ships but offshore energy platforms, wind turbines, ports and harbours – this is a strange omission. The seas carry some 90 percent of world trade by volume and 70 percent by value and cover 71 percent of the earth’s surface. International communication depends on undersea cables. The value of seaborne traffic, whether goods, raw materials or information, makes it supremely attractive to criminals. It also acts as a magnet for fraud. An obvious manifestation is the continuing scourge of piracy, which, while technically a crime, straddles the porous border between crime and security studies. Increasing automation also increases vulnerability to cyber-attack. The paper draws on other scholars’ earlier work and identifies two different if complementary approaches. A ‘negative’ approach, which sees ‘security’ as protection against a range of threats, and a ‘positive’ approach which seeks to build good order at sea and on the littoral shore and to make sustainable use of the seas’ and oceans’ vast resources. This includes the development of the ‘Blue Economy’. Although sea levels may rise with global warming, paradoxically a process of territorialisation is underway as states seek not only to exploit their Exclusive Economic Zones but even to extend them, by utilising the provisions of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Thus, in a political and legal sense the ‘high seas’ are not rising at all but being stripped away