نشریه فقهی و حقوقی عرشیان فارس
پیاپی 4 (زمستان 1401)

The principle of non-wilayat in Imami jurisprudence is one of the important and fundamental principles that negates the wilayat of any human being over another. In the meantime, guardianship over a minor is one of the exceptions to this principle, considering the special conditions of the child. However, the element of expediency is necessary as a limited and binding issue of guardianship and management of the child's affairs. The interest of the child can be divided into general and personal in terms of being general or personal. In jurisprudence texts, personal interest is considered, while the interests of others can be inferred from jurisprudence sources. Determining these types of criteria can be explained according to the stages of human life and different developmental periods and the end of the child in each period. This can help guardians and judges in making decisions about children and evaluating these decisions.

The discussion of wills,wills,the issues surrounding them have long been the subject ofresearch,investigation by scholars of Islamic law,jurisprudence. What has made this issueimportant to him may have been that a person who does not believe in the principles of religion andreligious ideology,due to the fact that with his death,he considers himself mortal,entangles thescroll of his life. Bind doesn't pay much attention to the situation after his death,and he doesn't carehow his property will be after him,what it will be used for. But in a society where people believe ina religious belief,believe in resurrection after death,the role of life after death is more important andmore dangerous than life before death. Therefore,people who believe in the afterlife are trying tocorrect,manage their affairs after death,Because even after death,they consider themselvesresponsible,committed to the religious orders that were revealed by God to the prophets. In thisresearch,the place of the will in previous societies,then in Islamic religions,its importance havebeen analyzed,studied in a comparative manner

A person faces many dilemmas in his life, which is only possible to distinguish right from wrong by human conscience. Conscience is a natural thing that exists in human nature since birth. In Islamic jurisprudence and law, we also come across different concepts and interpretations of this word. When we study the opinions of jurists and jurists on this matter, we come across many and wide and sometimes contradictory concepts. Human morality is controlled by two tools of conscience and fear, which accurate knowledge and understanding of them can pave the path of excellence for humans. The importance and key role of conscience in people's personal and social life is very important and it can be investigated in different dimensions, which is the responsibility of scholars and researchers of different sciences, and it is only through this path that we can develop this noble human value. let's take a step.

One of the most important human concerns in the present era is the foundation of the family, financing and paying the alimony of relatives in Islamic law and divine religions and human schools, and Islamic jurists have determined solutions for it based on Sharia principles. And the family, as the smallest social institution, plays an effective role in improving and improving the society. Man, as the supreme creation, has a special dignity and has many rights and duties. By drafting laws, different societies have addressed different aspects of human rights and have added new content every day, including citizenship rights, children's rights, women's rights, etc.Therefore, nowadays, society's attention has been drawn to the issue of alimony. The goal is that every wealthy person pays the maintenance of his poor family, and this task makes them meet each other's financial needs as much as possible. In this research, while studying the lexical and legal concept of relatives and the person who spends and the person who spends against him, how to file lawsuits and the competent court and how to demand alimony from a criminal aspect, and the consequences of abandoning almsgiving and its compliance with Egyptian law.

Among the important jurisprudence rules that are widely followed in jurisprudence is the rule of Suq alMuslimeen. Due to the severe problem of Muslims to do business in Muslim markets and the necessity of observing God's halal and haram and knowing the laws of purity and impurity, it is very important to examine the rule of Souq al-Muslimeen. According to some jurists, the meaning of suq in this rule is a market whose traders are mostly Muslims, but according to some other jurists, it means a market whose ruler is a Muslim. According to this difference of opinion regarding the ruling of the goods available in the Muslim market, there have been several opinions, the famous sayings of which are: Just because the product is available in the Muslim market, it is ruled to be pure and tazkiyyah. The purpose of this research was to express the jurisprudence of this rule and its implementation and application, and to express the principles governing the Muslim market. This is a step in the way of preserving the Muslim market, and anything that harms their trading system is rejected and unacceptable.