فصلنامه مطالعات انقلاب اسلامی
پیاپی 69 (تابستان 1401)

The main problem of the research is the methods of institutionalizing the idea of ​​resistance in people's belief and the how of its realization in various reformations by Imam Khomeini (r). Therefore, the analytical framework of the doctrine was used to draw a new and systematic image of resistance that can be used as a standard in all areas of the political system. Therefore, "Doctrine of Resistance" is a set of rules and actions that Imam Khomeini (r) used in three strategic, operational and tactical levels. At the strategic level, deep belief in the effectiveness of resistance, hostility and regulating the quality of behavior with it are the two main rules. At the operational level, building a front and popularizing the struggles and creating deterrence in all fields, and at the tactical level, the increase in media literacy and care for the enemy's psychological operations are the basis of planning and behavior. This research has used the library method and documentary study.

The statement of the second step of the revolution has a conceptual spirit, in the depth of which one can understand the triple layers of the continuous movement of the revolution, the formation of the new Islamic civilization and the preparation for the emergence in the waiting period. The interconnection of the second layer (the formation of a new civilization) with the first layer (the continuous movement of the revolution) along with the dependence of the third layer (preparation for emergence) with the other two layers, shows the place of the category of expectation in this statement. The present paper tries to analyze the place of expectation in the second step of the revolution and its connection with other layers and its brief pathology with an analytical method. The result of this research shows that dynamic expectation, in which there is no passivity, always motivates the the vivid person to dynamism and manifesting its main motto, monotheism and justice in the individual and social dimension, and prevents him/her from false beliefs and mental injuries such as waiting for the forced realization of the appearance and widespread miraculous formation at the same time as emergence.

Political Islam, which re-emerged at the same time and following the victory of the Islamic Revolution in the last decades of the 20th century. With proposing Islamic foundations and teachings toward civilizational identity, it affected various dimensions of today's societies, including the international system, as the official environment and framework of the activities of activists. The current research, using the descriptive-analytical method studies the question: which are the theoretical foundations and structure of the international system from the view of this discourse? The results of the research show that political Islam puts Islamic identity at the center of political action in the direction of civilization and defines the international system in relation to the goal of creating the world and man by emphasizing spirituality, rationality and justice. This discourse, for the sake of a just world order, opposes the structural logic of the current system both in terms of its focus on material interests and emphasizes the sovereignty of divine and human values, and by forming transnational loyalty, it makes the international system based on arrogant/poor based on the opposition of right and wrong.

The Middle East region experienced various revolutions and protests after the 2011 Tunisian revolution. The country of Yemen is one of these cases that experienced the phenomenon of revolution to some extent during the revolutions of Islamic countries. Yemen has a strategic position for the Islamic Republic of Iran due to its  geopolitic location and its large population of Shiites. In order to analyze and understand the Yemeni revolution more, it is necessary to deal with the events of 2011 in that country from the perspective of different theories. This research, with descriptive-analytical method and using library resources, seeks to answer the question: To what extent are the contexts and factors of the 2011 Yemeni revolution compatible with Chalmers Johnson's theory? The main hypothesis of this research is based on the fact that Chalmers Johnson's theory can help to understand some of the revolutionary factors of 2011 in Yemen. The findings of the research show that out of the three factors of the revolution from Johnson's point of view, only two factors, imbalance and acceleration-producing factors, are applicable to the revolutionary developments in Yemen.

The virtual government is a new framework with a high capability and ability to increase the political legitimacy of political systems at the international level. In the Islamic Republic, which in recent years is facing some kind of concern for the issue of political legitimacy, Richard Rosecrance` virtual government theory with what changes and with which localized components is capable of helping to promote the political legitimacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The finding of this analytical and decriptive study show that localization of virtual government and limiting it to national level and mixing it with religious teachings would improve the efficiency of the Islamic Republic and help the system overcome the upcoming crises.

In order to face external pressures and sanctions, resistance economy was introduced as an effective strategy by the leader of the revolution as an approach that can guarantee the consistency and strength of the internal structure of the country. In the current research, in the framework of the principles and foundations of resistance economy, it was tried to extract and explain the components of resistant people based on the leader`s sayings. With regard to the goal, the research method is qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. The results show that, based on the statements of the leadership, for stability and resistance for establishing the principles of resistance economy, the model of a resistant man consists of four main categories and eight sub-categories, including belief (piety and trust), cognitive (insight and independent identity), psychological (self-confidence and hope for the future) and behavioral (avoidance of extravagance, persistence). Strengthening these categories in the individual layers of society can help to institutionalize the components of resistance economy.

In this article, we try to explain and compare the method of the English Shi'ism current with that of the taqrib current in the face of Islamic denominations with a descriptive-analytical method. The English Shi'ism current believes that unity is not achieved in the shadow of taqrib approximation, it would occur in the shadow of the clarification of conflicting issues; Because by expressing controversial issues, people's awareness increases and they choose the side of truth, and the society reaches unity of action and expediency. As a criticism of this method, it can be said that the purpose of the approximation and unity of Islamic denominations is not the unification of Islamic beliefs and denominations, but rather the absence of conflicts and conflicts. Apart from this, the approximation method is never against the explanation of controversial issues. The most important strategy in approximation from the Supreme Leader's point of view are: mutual respect for each other's sacred values ​​and symbols; relying on common principles instead of relying on different branches and knowing the enemies of Islam and confronting their conspiracy.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the extent of Saudi Arabia's adherence to the principles of international humanitarian law in the war with Yemen and the consequences of its breaking these principles for the oppressed people of Yemen. The research method used in this article is deductive-hypothetical. This means that the authors have investigated the proposed hypothesis by using the principles of international humanitarian law. The findings of this research show that in its military attack against Yemeni people, Saudi Arabia has broken the principles of international humanitarian law, including the principle of proportionality, caution and humane treatment of prisoners. In addition, Saudi Arabia has turned Yemen into one of the most critical countries in the world with its air, land and sea blockade. If the war continues, the situation in Yemen will worsen and even turn into a humanitarian disaster. In order to prevent the inhumane attacks of Saudi Arabia in Yemen, more attention of the international community, collective action and pressure against Saudi Arabia are needed.