نشریه فناوری های آموزشی در یادگیری
پیاپی 15 (بهار 1401)

The present study was conducted to analyze primary school teachers' lived experiences regarding the challenges of math lesson evaluation in virtual education. In terms of its purpose, this study is an applied research and used the phenomenological (qualitative) method to collect and analyze data. The data collection tool is a semi-structured in-depth interview, and the participants in this study are primary school teachers in the southern cities of Tehran province (Islamshahr and Shahryar) who have experience in teaching mathematics online. Therefore, the purposeful sampling method was used to select the study sample. The data reached saturation in the 26th sample; But for more certainty, the interview was continued to 33 participants and the obtained data was analyzed using Granheim and Lundman analysis method. The findings of this study indicate that primary school teachers emphasize formative evaluation for the assessment and evaluation of math lessons. The evaluation challenges of this course include 7 general themes of cheating, problems related to teachers' professional knowledge, problems related to students, facilities, and equipment, problems related to question design, problems related to parents, and inappropriate expectations. Problems related to students, the phenomenon of cheating, and the non-cooperation of parents are among the challenges that teachers have faced during face-to-face education, but virtual education has led to the aggravation of these problems.

This study aimed to examine the effect of instructional computer games using media comparison approach on learning and motivation of the students in the 4th year of primary school in the mathematics course. The statistical population of this quasi-experimental study was pretest-posttest design with control group and included all 4th grade boy students in the academic year of 2017-2018. The sampling method was simple random clustering with sample size of 64 students. Data were gathered using teacher made out come test. At first pretest was performed. The experimental group received the instruction using computer game produced and the control group received the instruction in a conventional method. At the end of the training post-test was done for the two groups. The multi covariance test has been used to test the research hypothesis. Generally, the results of the study indicated that instructional computer game has improved students learning and motivation in the math course. Some recommendations are provided concerning research results and implementation of media comparison approach.

Due to the epidemic of the Covid-19 disease, non-attendance teaching replaced face-to-face teaching for a while. Here, educational television played a role in solving these inequalities. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to evaluate the television programs of the educational network in order to determine the state of these programs in terms of Instructional design. The statistical population of the research is the educational programs of the TV Education Network for the third grade of elementary school in Farsi in the second half of 2019-2020, which includes 16 hours. The tool used is a researcher-made checklist. A sample T-Tech was used to analyze the data, and Friedman's test was used to determine the rating of compliance with the principles of Instructional design in TV programs of the Education Network in Farsi. The obtained results are: principles of Instructional design (desired), content (desired), technical dimension (desired), teaching plan (desired). Among the components of the teaching plan, the components of attracting and maintaining attention, expressing the goal, visual-auditory presentation, and reflection/thinking were in an average state, and the component of summarizing the presented materials was in an unfavorable state. Also, the results of Friedman's ranking showed that the technical dimension, the content dimension and the teaching plan dimension were observed more in the Persian lesson in television programs. From the aspect of the teaching plan, the components of attracting and maintaining attention, expressing the goal, visual-auditory presentation, reflection/thinking and summarizing the material needed more attention.

The current research is a descriptive correlational research with an emphasis on structural equations. The statistical population consisted of 150 students of the 6th grade of elementary school in Sawad Koh Shamali city. For sampling, 100 people were selected by calculating the sample size through Cochran's equation, and then stratified and multi-stage cluster sampling methods were used to select the sample. To collect data, Appleton et al.'s standard student academic engagement questionnaire (2006), Kim et al.'s virtual education questionnaire (2005) and Dries Cole's standard exam anxiety questionnaire (2007) were used. In this research, descriptive statistics (minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis) and inferential statistics (simple linear relationships from Pearson's correlation coefficient and to test the conceptual model of the research from the structural equation model) to analyze the data with The use of spss26 software is used. The findings showed that there is a direct negative and significant relationship between virtual education and exam anxiety. Also, there was a negative and significant relationship between these two variables indirectly with the mediation of academic conflict.

The current research aimed to evaluate the current state of research in connection with the use of the ecological approach in elementary school for formal learning, which seeks to analyze (1) methodological approaches and (2) ecological approaches. The knowledge adopted in the research was in the form of a systematic review. Articles published from 2013 to 2022 were searched in Scopus, WebScience, Wiley, and Jstore databases. Systematic search according to selected keywords reached 203 studies, which were reduced to 57 in the next stage, and finally, 10 studies were determined according to the criteria and from the point of view of research method, tools, participants, time, and place of research, the research implementation space, the topic, and the target concepts were analyzed. The findings showed various images of data collection methods and tools, topics, spaces, and characteristics of learners. The ecological view of learning is suitable for today's needs of elementary school students, and its design and development can ultimately positively facilitate learning in the formal context. In this regard, it was concluded that in order to develop the ecological approach in the official context of elementary school, we should move towards the analysis of the ecosystem, situational, open-ended, and dynamic goals, active interactions of body and mind, and the natural and digital environment, targeted networking, controlling communication modulating factors, diverse learning paths, and initial evaluations and a process took more serious steps.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the quantitative and qualitative effect of sixth grade mathematics teaching in flipped on the learning outcomes of cognitive domain. , Quasi-experimental method was used and in the qualitative method, semi-structured interviews and observation were used.The statistical population of the study included all sixth grade male and female students in Pirbakran region. The sample included 16 sixth grade male and female students. Mathematics topics were taught in two ways, normal and flipped, using pre-test and post-test in two groups of control and experiment.Quantitative data were analyzed in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics, and in the qualitative part, interviews with students, parents and teachers were coded and categorized. Findings showed that students' scores on superficial and simple cognitive outcomes in flipped and normal education were not significantly different between the two methods, but the flipped method improved the scores of male and female students in complex and deep cognitive outcomes and improved performance. Students became cognitive in complex and profound outcomes.Also, flipped education did not have a significant effect on the mentioned components on girls and boys. In addition, students 'independence in learning mathematics and students' activities at home in the flipped classroom increased; It also solved the problem of lack of teaching time in person, especially during the coronary heart disease epidemic.