نشریه انرژی های تجدیدپذیر و نو
سال دهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 19، بهار و تابستان 1402)

Three airfoils NACA0015, NACA0018 and NACA0021 were selected and in the Q-Blade software, the coefficients of shear, post and the maximum ratio of the exponential coefficients were determined and, finally, the Airfoil Nakata 0015 at a speed of 5 and 10 meters per second, was selected and best. Fluent software was used to solve it, based on the finite volume method. For numerical analysis, the turbulence method K-ω SST was validated with experimental results. The wind turbine schematics was designed in Catia software and the height of the blades was 35 and 75 centimeters, the radius of the blade was 18.5 cm and the length of the airfoil 6.4 Cm is. The results show that in order to operate the turbine of porous blade windings at 35 cm height at speeds of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 7.45, 8.25, 8.5 m / s 50% 50%, 33%, 50%, 50%, 60%, 57%, 55%, 50%, and for setting up a porous blade wind turbine at a height of 75 cm at a speed of one, two, three, four, Five, seven, 7.45, 8.25, 8.5, 9, 9.5 m / s 66.6%, 75%, 80%, 71.4%, 66.6%, 76.9%, 80%, 82%, 89%, 100% of the launching force Smooth wind turbine is required at the same height.

Nowadays, due to the environmental pollution and shortage of non-renewable resources, specifically the fossil fuels, distributed power generations have been considerably developed. However, the output power of renewable resources fluctuates because of their random nature, which can negatively affect the grid. This problem can be resolved by installing battery energy storage systems (BESS). On the other hand, with the increasing development of electric vehicles (EVs), the scheduling of their presence in the distribution networks has become very important; because, any unplanned presence of EVs in the intelligent parking lots (IPLs) and their simultaneous charging may affect the performance of the grid, negatively. An optimum scheduling for charge/discharge actions of EVs can resolve this problem, and reduce the need for high cost BESSs. In this paper, the problem of maximizing the operator profit is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem considering the constraints on the requested charge level of the EVs and the permissible exchanged power.  Then, the problem is optimally solved, in which a scheduling scheme is proposed for charge/discharge actions of the EVs in the SPLs in order to control the power fluctuations. Simulation results on the data of a typical parking lot in Tehran demonstrate that the proposed scheduling can reduce the number of required BESSs significantly, which decreases the high expenses of the BESS purchase and installation.

Water crisis and providing water is one of the most important problems that humans are facing. There are several ways for water extraction, depending on population and resources. In this simulation, water is extracted by a cooling tower from humid air. Humid air enters the buried pipes with fans. Then the air reaches the cooling tower. Because of the difference in temperature between air and pipes, air temperature decreases. After this process, there is an amount of water extracted from humid air. The extracted water can be used as drinkable water or for agricultural purposes. In this project, we simulate air flow by Ansys Fluent. Then, by using air condition formulas, combined with the numerical solution, the amount of extracted water can be calculated. In addition, in the first hours of the day, because the temperature difference is more than at the end of the day, the amount of extracted water is different throughout a day. We can find out that in the second half of the day, the air is cooler than the tower, so the air is cooling the tower and preparing the system for the next day.

This study examines the effect of renewable energy consumption on the ISEW in selected countries, Using the fixed effects model and multivariate panel model from 1990 to 2020 by providing BISEW that includes economic variables and an environmental component; Pays and then ranks. The relationship between energy and growth and welfare for selected countries is that after static analysis of variables; Cao method and Dickey-Fuller statistics were used for co-integration and Granger causality to determine the direction of the relationship. In addition to per capita energy consumption and renewable energy production, the variables; Gross fixed capital formation (percentage of GDP); work force; Per capita emission index of pollutants (carbon dioxide emissions) as an index of environmental constraints; Capital leases; Degree of commercial openness; Is used. Next, examine the relationship between energy and growth by replacing GDP with the BISEW and analyzing the results; We rank the selected countries. The results showed that renewable energy in developed countries has a positive impact and share in total energy and ISEW; On the other hand, in developed countries; Renewable energy is unilaterally effective in improving the quality of the environment. In developing countries per capita increase in energy consumption except renewable (fossil); It has an impact on sustainable economic growth and there is a two-way relationship between energy consumption and pollution emissions. In the ranking discussion it was identified; South Korea (developed) and UAE are the most stable economies and the Italy and Angola are the least economically stable.

Photovoltaic-integrated Shading systems, are multifunctional components to generate electricity and simultaneously provide the shade needed for building surfaces and walls. Applying integrated photovoltaic systems with building components, including fixed shadings, in addition to regulating the penetration of sunlight and saving energy, seems to be a fully functional approach due to the production of part of the buildings' energy. Therefore, to evaluate the performance of Photovoltaic-integrated Shading systems, in optimizing energy consumption, the need to study the effect of Photovoltaic-integrated Shading systems, on energy in Shiraz was considered. Therefore, 15 Photovoltaic-integrated Shading systems scenarios for the facade of an office space model were calculated using the DesignBuilder simulation program and PVsyst. According to the results, the Photovoltaic-integrated Shading systems, designed with 4 louvers with a slope angle of 45 degrees and zero degrees azimuth (facing south) has the highest efficiency compared to other scenarios and shows an energy efficiency of 35.54%, which indicates an acceptable decrease. The heating energy has been effective as well as its efficiency as a combined photovoltaic system in producing energy and controlling solar radiation simultaneously. The present study provides the required information on the parameters of Photovoltaic-integrated Shading systems and paves the way for the development of photovoltaic technology integrated with building components in the design steps.

Biodiesel derived from oilseeds is one of the proposed sources to replace fossil fuels, especially diesel. The production technologies of this model of biodiesel have reached a suitable level of maturity and have the ability of mass production. The biggest obstacle to biodiesel production is the high cost of production, which stems from the high cost of its raw materials, which are oilseeds. Potential measurement is necessary before manufacturing and industrial projects, and this is even more critical for biodiesel-related projects due to raw material issues. In this research, potential measurement for cultivation of oilseeds for biodiesel production in Tehran province has been done with the help of GIS software. The results of this potential measurement show that parts of the western and central regions of Tehran province are suitable for cultivating oilseeds for use in biodiesel production. However, about 90% of the areas of Tehran province are unsuitable for cultivating oilseeds and its biggest limiting factor is soil texture. More than 50% of the surfaces of Tehran province have unsuitable soil texture for growing oilseeds. In order to identify the optimal areas for planting oilseeds, the average cost variable of (Cave) per liter of biodiesel is introduced. The results show that according to the costs of production, transportation, distribution and supply of raw materials, when producing biodiesel in these areas is cost-effective when the average variable cost is less than 92 thousand rials per liter of biodiesel produced.

As the population grows, the demand for energy worldwide is increasing. According to studies, a high percentage of energy needed in the world is provided by fossil fuels. But fossil fuel reserves are dwindling. Also, according to studies, these fuels produce a lot of environmental pollution. Climate change, the extinction of important species of animals, droughts, or successive floods are problems caused by excessive consumption of fossil fuels. One of the appropriate and intelligent solutions is the transition from fossil energy to renewable energy. Iran, has a high potential for the use and development of renewable energy. In this article, based on SWOT analysis, we have tried to examine the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities, and threats of renewable energy deployment in Iran. Finally, strategies for the development of renewable energy in Iran are presented. Strategies to strengthen the activities of the private and public sectors to invest in energy production and conduct related research projects to reduce greenhouse gases, investment in technologies needed to use renewable energy, investment in renewable energy to produce energy at low prices, and strengthen the energy stock market, and investment in the localization of equipment needed to exploit renewable energy are the best strategies for the development of renewable energy.

Nowadays, the relationship between bio mimicry science and various fields including extended architecture and the study of patterns, systems, and biological elements, is a way to create solutions to the problems of human life. Silkworm cocoon is a biological structure and a natural composite that has evolved during the time and is a good response to environmental conditions for silkworm and has high physical and mechanical properties against stress and has a good function as an insulator against ambient temperature conditions. Understanding the structure relationships of silkworm cocoons inspires how to create composite structures, including non-woven, lightweight, and high-strength composites. In this study, the descriptive-analytical method and logical reasoning method attempt to introduce the structure of silk cocoon, using sericin cocoon and natural fibers, which for various reasons such as lightness, non-pollution, abundance, and low-cost, can be a suitable alternative to artificial fibers, offer materials as a non-woven bio composite. These materials, which have recyclable properties and are suitable in terms of energy consumption, can be used as moisture and heat insulation. This performance was simulated and analyzed in the outer shell of the building and using the Hani Bee energy analysis plugin in the Grasshopper for the hot and dry climate of Kashan. The results show that the proposed non-woven composite of natural fibers can help to improve the thermal performance and reduce the heat transfer between the outside and inside of the building by up to 12.7% compared to when the building shell is considered without thermal insulation.

The performance of a water-ammonia air-cooled absorption chiller cycle is evaluated using a low temperature source of solar thermal energy in accordance with Tehran's climatic conditions in different working conditions. Energy and exergy analysis of an absorption chiller with computer code written in EES software is performed. Exergy analysis showed that 71% of the exergy loss in the system is related to the generator and 24% is related to the absorber. The results showed that with increasing the generator temperature to a certain temperature, the coefficient of performance increased. The generator temperature of 70 degrees at low absorber temperatures performs better than other generator temperatures. As the generator temperature rises to about 70 , the exergy efficiency increases and then the exergy efficiency decreases with increasing temperature. As the temperature of the generator decreases, the circulation ratio increases, and at temperatures below 70 degrees, this increase is seen as exponential and so undesirable that it makes it practically impossible to use the cycle at temperatures below 70 degrees. With the other negative effects seen at temperatures above 80  to reduce the exergy efficiency, the generator temperature between 70 and 80  seems appropriate for the proposed absorption cooling system.

The purpose of this research was to alleviate deprivation in underprivileged rural areas of Iran by energy production through photovoltaic panels. First, the poverty map of the country has been analyzed along with the sunlight gain potential map of Iran. 79 villages with extremely high and high deprivation conditions were identified. In order to analyze these areas and prioritize them for decision-making in energy sector policy, the areas were categorized into four clusters by the K-means machine learning algorithm. According to the clustering results, the priorities for deprivation elimination through energy production have been identified. Also, the income of each village from two sources was calculated according to the existing tariffs: First, a 5 kW photovoltaic panel for each household and second, a one megawatt power plant located in the barren lands around the villages. The results indicate that Sistan and Baloochestan Province is the top priority in application of photovoltaic panels for energy production. For instance, Bampasht village with a deprivation index of 0.540 and energy production of 9.37 MW per year from a solar power plant, has obtained the highest rank among the villages for deprivation alleviation by energy production through photovoltaic panels.

Due to the negative effects of fossil fuel consumption on the environment and the need to reduce emissions in the world, the use of renewable sources, which are widely available, cost-effective and long-lasting, has been increased worldwide. Most of Renewable energy sources (for example wind and solar energy) are alternating and oscillate according to the weather conditions. Therefore, the uncertainty of energy generation by them threatens the security and reliability of the electrical power grid, and the control of the renewable resources is essential in order to improve the power grid performance. Optimal control of renewable resources enables the power grid to respond to load demand adequately at any time and it increases system reliability. The purpose of this study is to review the existing methods for optimal control of these resources and discuss the challenges that exist to control these resources in the field of sustainable development. This paper reviews the latest research in this field with the aim of helping to achieve sustainable development and smart cities and is a useful source for researchers and energy strategy planners.

Dye sensitized solar cells due to their relative stability, lower manufacturing cost and higher efficiency, have maintained their competition among renewable energies. There are many ways to improve the photo anode properties as the heart of a dye-sensitized solar cell and synthesis methods are important. Effects of anodic oxidation and templating as the two important synthesis methods are investigated. Studies showed surface area of nanotubes, electron mobility path, electron-hole recombination, etc. are optimized by synthesis methods and this affects the efficiency of solar cells. In anodization with a shift from HF-based acids to milder acids the efficiency of the solar cells increased from 0.04% to 5.9% also by using TiCl4 and increasing the surface roughness of the nanotubes it increased to 6.36%. The conversion efficiency of cell by using porous aluminum oxide as a hard template and zinc oxide with the aim of adhering TNT to the FTO layer with a hierarchical structure is reported 3.5% and 5.7%, respectively.

After the era of the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of the modern age, many environmental hazards have been appeared. All of intellectual developments led humans to interact more with nature and the environment. The emergence of eco-technical, sustainable and green approaches were as a result of these changes and tried to establish more communication between the artificial environment and the natural environment. Among these, the field of architecture and construction has great importance due to the extent of the impact on the environment. In this regard, and in the field of architecture, many efforts were made in different countries of the world, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, etc. Therefore sustainable Assessment systems were designed and used to better control the construction process. In Japan, the CASBEE system is designed for this purpose. This article tries to study the structural features of CASBEE system as one of the most advanced systems for Assessing sustainable buildings with a descriptive-analytical approach with emphasis on studies. The CASBEE Assessment System technically and accurately calculates the environmental assessment of a building and its effects on its surroundings. While it has paid less attention to the social and economic aspects of sustainable development.

Nowadays, the production of alternative fuels to fossil fuels is one of the most noticeable issues in dealing with environmental pollution. With the same approach, biodiesel is using to replace fossil diesel fuel. In general, this article examines four generations of biofuel production from different sources and economic comparisons of their production. In this review study of the previous reports, firstly, according to the approach of localizing alternative fuels, we discuss the introduction of microalgae's types, their reproduction process and environmental applications, production of biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel. Afterward, in particular, the optimal method of producing biodiesel from microalgae is investigated, and eventually, a comparison has been made between biodiesel produced from microalgae and fossil diesel fuel and the ASTM standard of biodiesel. The results of numerous studies have demonstrated that due to the rapid growth of microalgae, high efficiency, and the low cost of their cultivation and production, it is possible to produce about 5000 to 15000 gallons of biodiesel from each hectare of microalgae cultivation; which makes the production of biodiesel from algae allocate a significant position compared to other sources of biodiesel production.

Nowadays, due to the increasing demand for energy and the problems of Non-renewable energies, renewable energies are growing. In a country like Iran with a radiation potential higher than the global average, utilizing solar energy is a priority among other renewable energy sources. In areas affected by the dust phenomenon, one of the main challenges is the performance reduction of photovoltaic solar panels due to dust accumulation. By conducting a comprehensive review of related studies, the present study categorized the properties of dust and how they affect the performance of photovoltaic solar panels. Also, the dust origins in Iran and the frequency of dust phenomena in the country were studied. It was shown that the different physical properties and chemical composition lead to different effects on the performance of photovoltaic solar panels. Therefore, the effect of physical properties (color, temperature, dust accumulation rate, adhesion, concentration, moisture content, specific gravity, and plastic index) and chemical composition (size, charge, shape, material, and distribution of particles) of dust on the performance of photovoltaic solar panels were studied and classified. The present study can be used as a general reference for additional researches in this field according to the dominant dust type in the target region.