فصلنامه علوم خبری
پیاپی 41 (بهار 1401)

In this research, the reasons and type of use of social media by the main news agencies of the country have been discussed. This research was classified as qualitative research in terms of applied purpose and method. In this study, due to the lack of previous research and the exploratory nature of the research topic, in-depth interviews have been used to collect data. The statistical population of this research was the managers and officials of the important news agencies of the country. These news agencies include the country's official ones that use social media. In this research, eleven managers of the main news agencies of the country were interviewed and after these interviews, the researcher reached a theoretical saturation. The results indicate that news agencies use social media for reasons such as interacting with the audience, enhancing effectiveness, media branding, confronting foreign media, helping the news gatekeeper, responding to ambiguities, and so on. Also, issues such as social media indecision, poor media literacy of the audience, shortening the life of the news, publishing fake news, and ownership of the news produced are some of the challenges that news agencies face.

The media is one of the effective tools for informing the people and monitoring the institutions of society, including the government. Improving government interaction with the media helps to increase their integration. The purpose of this study is to design an interactive model of the IRIB in the segment of political deputy within the government. Because of that, this research has been done using a qualitative method. The data obtained from library research and interviews with IRIB pundits and media experts were obtained by semi-structured interview technique and were analyzed by using the content analysis method. The results of the study showed that the government and IRIB can interact in the news sector in supportive, regulatory, and directing forms and the support of IRIB for the government should be the first priority so that the interaction reaches the stages of monitoring and guidance. However, due to the lack of clear and up-to-date laws and lack of mutual understanding, the government and the IRIB have not been able to manage their expectations of each other. The Broadcasting Supervisory Council, as one of the effective factors in improving this interaction, has not been successful.

New communication systems such as the press were established in Iran in the 19th century following direct and indirect contacts with Western modernism. The focal point of the current research is to find out the role of the press in the social and political developments of Iran, especially in the field of feminism and women's rights in this period. Historically, the beginning of this process can be referred to the period before the establishment of the press in Iran. This historical background shows the meaning that the said modernization process went through different periods of transformation in such a way that each of them had a specific effect on the country. The importance of these influences, which occurred in the 19th century, can be witnessed in the modern history of Iran. It was in this century that the foundations of Western power and the beginning of the classical age of imperialism were laid in the world. The influence of the West on Iran goes back to the beginning of the 19th century, that is, the period when the military pressure of Russia and then Britain led to the forced and humiliating acceptance of some treaties on the part of Iran. The publication of the first Iranian newspaper in 1215 AH (1837 AD) by Mirza Saleh Shirazi created an important change in the country. The launch of other publications, including Sur-i Israfil, was the result of the first action in this field. The present research is actually an exploratory/analytical, quantitative/qualitative and content/discourse and historical study of Sur-i Israfil newspaper, especially in the field of women's rights.

Historical evidence shows that due to the role and importance of the press, along with other means of mass communication, to create an environment for the exchange of opinions, criticism and discussion, excellence of ideas and in a word, to preserve and expand the freedom of expression and opinion, it is always under the supervision of the governments. They are intense. In this article, by using documentary research method (books, articles and historical documents) and historical data analysis, the historical course of press freedom in three countries, England, France and America, as the flagships of the revolution in the field of press, is examined. The current research focuses on the period in which the democratic revolutions occurred in the 17th and 18th centuries in the three mentioned countries; because the effects of these events on the evolution of the press were tremendous. Based on this, the review of the press situation in the West based on political and social developments tells of three different periods: 1) Authoritarian press 2) Ideological and political press 3) Business and news press. The research results show that the effect of "democratic revolutions" on the free flow of information and freedom of the press is significant because during the 19th century, all the basic laws of the European countries protected the freedom of the press based on the principles contained in the American Declaration of Rights. And set France. This process continued in various forms and through numerous international laws throughout the 20th century, and still defenders of freedom of speech and mass media are working to create and maintain a free space of information and guarantee it by governments.

The process of state- building and identity in Iran from 1376 to 1396 has been a trend different from other countries. Since the state building is a procedure under the control of politics, social classes such as new middle class launch to make political scaffolding so as to seize the power. Formation of political scaffoldings for the purpose of capturing the state sometimes arises from model taking of the developing states or sometimes from revolutionary or ideological purposes. During the three lately decades post-revolution, a socio- political opportunity for the new middle class to be effective in building the state was created. The meaning of the new middle class is the religion- oriented or tradition- oriented class with political, social or scientific attitudes which comprises a large part of the social texture of the Iranian society. The study question is that what the political scaffoldings in line with a facilitator state are? The findings show that the new middle class via political scaffoldings such as cooperation, competition in democracy social media, parties and political currents, political culture, political leadership and technocracy in bureaucracy will mobilize in voting for the creation of the state. The theoretical framework for the analysis of the subject is the theories of neo- state building with the analytical- qualitative approach and historical method.

The present study is an attempt to explain the propaganda style of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) for publishing and spreading Islamic teachings. This research, which is descriptive-analytical, by examining historical documents, explained and analyzed the methods that the Prophet (PBUH) used in his life to propagate Islam as its main goal. Feasibility of applying the preaching methods of the Prophet during his prophethood (before and after the Hijra) in the contemporary world based on new media theories is discussed in this research. The propaganda methods of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) have been analyzed with contemporary communication theories, especially the views of "David Berlow". This study shows that the propaganda techniques used by the Prophet are in some respects consistent with contemporary theories of media and propaganda but none of theories have the power to explain all aspects of the Prophet's preaching techniques and styles. The issue conclued that prophet Muhammad’s propaganda methods can also be used by Islamic missionaries who prefre to choose new methods in their missions