Journal of Solid Mechanics
Volume:15 Issue: 1, Winter 2023

This paper investigates the frequency response of a smart sandwich plate made of magnetic face sheets and reinforced core with nano-fibers. The effective elastic properties of composite core reinforced with carbon nanotube are estimated by the extended rule of Mixture. The orthotropic visco-Pasternak foundation is examined to study orthotropic angle, damping coefficient, normal, and shear modulus. The top and bottom face sheets of the sandwich are magnetic and their vibrations are controlled by a feedback control system and magneto-mechanical couplings. Also, the sandwich plate is subjected to the compression and extension in-plane forces in both x and y directions. Five coupled equations of motion are derived using Hamilton’s principle. These equations are solved by the differential quadrature method. The analysis performed by the third-order shear deformation theory (Reddy’s theory) shows useful details of the effective parameters such in-plane forces, modulus of elastic foundation, core-to-face sheet thickness ratio and controller effect of velocity feedback gain on the dimensionless frequency of the sandwich plate. The analysis of such structures can be discussed in the military, aerospace and civil industries.

Stop holes and composite patches are the most important methods used to repair cracked plates. In this research, using a 3D finite element method and considering different materials for a composite patch, the effect of separate and simultaneous use of stop holes and composite patch (one-sided and two-sided) on the reduction of SIF in a cracked curve plate is investigated. The best position and arrangement of crack stop holes and the best dimensions and material used for the composite patch are determined. Then, the effect of the radius of curvature of the plate on the efficiency of various repair methods is investigated. The results show that with increasing the radius of curvature of the plate, the SIF value decreases in all repair methods and the efficiency of the patch improves in the cases of using the patch or the hybrid method. Besides, from the radius of curvature of approximately 5 meters onwards, a further increase in the radius of curvature does not affect the efficiency of various repair methods. Simultaneous use of the graphite-epoxy double-sided patch and stop holes reduces SIF by 79.9% compared to unrepaired condition.

The suspension system, one of the essential parts of any vehicle which has a significant role in vehicle steering, accelerating, and braking. One of the suspension system's main components is the trailing arm, which is exposed to frequent loadings and is made by welding method. Due to the use and nature of this piece, its fatigue analysis is crucial. Since this part is made by welding process, its fatigue analysis is much more complicated than other parts. In this paper, fatigue life of the trailing arm is investigated by using different numerical method. At first, safety factor of the component is calculated using dang van criteria. Dang van is one of the most famous and appropriated method for multi axial non proportional loads. However it is not a good criterion in order to calculate the damage of the weld line. So Volvo method that developed base on the weld process and properties is consider for fatigue analysis of the weld line. The obtained results improve the necessity of using this kind of method for welding process.  Finally, it could be concluded that for fatigue analysis of a welded component such as trailing arm, using both method are necessary. Considering two different criteria for a component and comparing the obtained results of the trailing arm under non proportional applied load is one of the achievement of this paper. Of course by using this method, the calculated fatigue life of the trailing arm is accurate. At the end, it should be noted that the both applied methods, Dang Van and Volvo, are completely verified by the available experimental result in the reliable references.

In this research, free flexural vibration of a thick sandwich composite beam that is made up of two composite face sheets and a flexible foam-made core based on a fluid is investigated. Governing equations for the sandwich beam were extracted using a higher-order theory. The face sheets were modeled using the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). In the analysis of the multilayer sandwich composite beam, the layers and the core in the middle were assumed to be well attached to one another, and continuous strain functions at the layer interfaces were assumed. Moreover, displacements were assumed to be small, so that the analyses could be performed in linear elastic region with simply supported boundary condition for the beam. Equations of motion of the beam were extracted using energy equations and Hamilton’s principle. Continuing with the research, effects of changing different parameters were evaluated; these included core thickness to total thickness ratio, beam length to total thickness ration, face sheet material, fluid density, and fluid height. The results showed that the presence of the liquid tend to lower the natural frequency of the structure. Our investigations further indicated that the natural frequency follows an increasing trend with decreasing the fluid density.

This research studied different tools with different cone angles to produce brass wires using the friction stir back extrusion (FSBE) method. The cone angle of the tool is one of the most influential parameters in the production of brass wires. First, to determine the appropriate cone angle, the FSBE process is modeled using the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method. The simulation results showed that increasing the cone angle increases the heat generated and reduces the force on the tool. Also, to be more precise, the mechanism of heat production during the process was numerically modeled to verify the simulation results. The cross-sectional images of the wires produced showed that only tools with a cone angle of 35 ° could produce flawless wires. The microstructural results showed that the grain size in the center of the wire was 20.24 microns, which is larger than the size in the wire periphery, which was 16.88 microns. This microstructural deviation is mainly affected by the strain and the temperature.

To the extent of the usable bandwidth of the piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEH) and progress the harvesting proficiency, a 2-DOF bistable PEH (2D-BPEH) with an elastic substructure is developed to show the strengthened nonlinear large-amplitude periodic vibration performances. Introducing the substructure, which is demonstrated by the mass-spring sub-system added between the distributed bimorph beam and exciting base, dynamic motions of the beam  is expected to reproduce high energy trajectories and large deflections. Due to raising the accuracy of the model and results, the key novelty of the present study is to consider the mathematical model of composite smart bimorph beam with the aid of distributed parameters model and Von Karman strain relations. With the help of Hamilton’s principle, Electro mechanic modeling of the 2-DOF system has been derived and three coupled equations are consequent utilizing the Galerkin method. Primarily deflection and voltage frequency response curves are calculated analytically; then, the model has been compared and validated by the results of the 2-DOF PEH model with lumped parameter beam in the literature. Numerical results indicate that accurate designing of 2-DOF piezoelectric energy harvester parameters could intensely enhance the generating voltage and at a broader exciting frequency band. The results have shown that the 2-DOF bistable PEH coupled with elastic substructure as a magnifier harvests extra electrical power at specific input frequencies and operates at larger bandwidth than routine PEHs.

This paper investigates the dynamic and quasi-static plastic behavior of single and nested mild steel square tubes under lateral loadings experimentally and numerically. The dynamic experimental tests are carried out using a gas gun and the dynamic force-time responses are measured with a load cell. Also, the quasi-static experimental tests are performed in a universal test machine. The dynamic experimental tests are also simulated with the finite element software Abaqus. Furthermore, the square tubes’ combinations in the nested systems are investigated in the present work. It is revealed that the amount of peak load decreases significantly when the form of the single tube changes from square to lozenge. It is also observed that in the nested tube structures, by changing each of the outer or inner tubes or both of them from the square form to lozenge one, the amount of peak load decreases meanwhile the energy absorption capacity decreases too, which is not desirable for energy absorbers. By comparing the impact results of both the single and nested square tubes which have the same mass, it can result that the nested square tubes behave better as energy absorbers compared with the single tubes.

In this work dynamic response of trapezoidal corrugated core sandwich panels subjected to oblique blast loading are studied both numerically and experimentally. The stand-off distance which has been determined from sandwich panel to center of the nearest face of the explosive cylinder is considered 300 mm. the experiments was performed at Four blast tube with different included angles of 0°, 15°, 30° and 45° respect to sandwich target plate. The results of numerical simulation, obtained using coupled Eulerian – Lagrangian (CEL) method at ABAQUS/Explicit software. Maximum mid- point deflection of back and front faces are compared with experiment results. The results show that with increasing angle of tilt of explosive the amount of back face deflection at angles of tilt 15°, 30° and 45° respect to the case of 0°, 4.68%, 5.86% and 9.77% decreases respectively.  It is found that at the z direction, deformation profile is completely dome-shaped while the profile in the x direction is almost conical. The achieved results can be used to optimization designing of military vehicles and employed for civil infrastructure.