نشریه تاملات اخلاقی
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 13، بهار 1402)

The present study was conducted with the help of story books in order to investigate how to transfer the educational and moral doctrine of not showing off and explain the consequences of showy behaviors to elementary school girls. The research method was descriptive phenomenological and "maximum diversity" sampling type, and guided semi-structured interview was conducted with 130 students aged 9 to 12 years, in seven provinces of the country, after giving and reading the book. The analysis of the data obtained from the interviews was done using the topic analysis method of the topic network type. Finally, after examining and analyzing the data, basic themes (N=260) were extracted in the first stage, organizing themes (N=41) in the second stage, and overarching themes (N=7) in the final stage. These themes are in the form of "five levels" of pseudo- rising with the titles: "failure to connect with the message of the book", "failure to transfer learning to the real world", "cognitive and emotional evaluation of than not showing off to Non-mahram", "transfer of learning to the real environment of life", "inclination and action in the path of social activism, chastity and hijab" and a side level titled "indirect learning other moral values" were categorized.In general, the obtained findings indicate the high capacity of story books in the indirect transfer and teaching of moral and value teachings such as not showing off to children and teenagers, which is worthy of the officials and the program. Cultural heritage should be given more attention.

The golden rule as a general moral law recommends that; behave others the way you would like to behaved in the same situation. Despite the theorival approval of this law by all human beings, it seems that there is a gap between human theorical point of views and their practice according to this law. A part of this gap is rooted in the obstacles related to the field of human vision.  Therefore, the main issue in this research, which is carried out with a descriptive-analytical method, is that what are the main obstacles related to human vision on the way to the realization of this law and what solutions can be provided to solve these obstacles? Research findings show that; Weakness of imagination, not having an accurate picture of the equality of humans, as well as being the knowledge influenced by human emotions, are among the major obstacles of human vision towards the realization of this law. Based on this, strengthening the imagination, understanding the similarity of humans in the existential structure, and controlling and directing emotions and feelings can be consider among the solutions. In fact, people's weakness in imagination and lack of understanding of the common structure has caused them not to have an accurate picture of this law and not to use it in social interactions. Therefore, it is necessary to comply with this law to remove these mentioned obstacles based on the solutions stated in this article.

One of the arguments that is put forward both for and against strong moral realism is the argument for the causal effects of moral properties; Whether moral properties have a causal effect on the external and physical world to prove their reality or not. The first who argue thist was Gilbert Harman, who considered moral properties to have no causal effects. Shafer-Landau has also obtained an ontological account of it and examined it. In this article, we examine the arguments of Harman and Landau and the drawbacks that have been made to them, and the result is that the arguments of those who consider moral properties to have no causal effects have significant drawbacks and are not defensible. Explanations can also be used to defend the causal effects of moral properties and to use them to the benefit of realism.

In today's era, considering human resources and its issues such as reducing work-related stress and paying attention to the well-being of the leader and his followers is of particular importance.These issues lie in the healthy leadership.This study has been done aimed to design a healthy leadership model in governmental companies. the purpose of this study is to design a model of healthy leadership in state-owned firms.This research is among the mixed research.In the qualitative step of the research, the grounded theory method was used to design the model.For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 executive experts in state-owned firms and university experts who were combining purposefully, judgmental and snowball sampling methods selected.Based on the findings, 6categories of factors were identified based on the Strauss and Corbin(1998) paradigm model including causal factors, healthy leadership (pivotal phenomenon),underlying factors, intervening factors, strategies and consequences. three attitudinal Value - attitude dimension, knowledge dimension and behavioral dimension for healthy leadership were identified.In the quantitative part, the research model was validated using structural equation modeling and Smart PLS software.For this purpose, 158 managers in state-owned firms were polled using a questionnaire. Based on the findings, all identified factors and the structure of the research model were confirmed. The calculated coefficient of determination is also 0.379, 0.607 and 0.393 for healthy leadership variables, strategies and outcomes, respectively, which are acceptable values. Finally, the results showed that health-promoting leadership in state-owned firms is a multifaceted phenomenon that can be used to produce positive and valuable results.

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of professional ethics education in Farhangian University and exploring its challenges and solutions. For this purpose, a mixed research method has been used. In the quantitative part, a semi-experimental research design with pre-test-post-test and control group was used. 1 class of elementary education students entering october 2019 who had taken the teacher's professional ethics course were considered as the experimental group and 1 class of students of the same field and entry who had not taken this course were considered as the control group. The data collection tool was Qasimzadeh's professional ethics questionnaire (2013). Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics, univariate covariance analysis and SPSS22 software. In the qualitative part, the thematic analysis of Brawn and Clark’s (2006) was used. The results of the quantitative part showed that teaching professional ethics of teachers significantly increases the professional ethics of student teachers (P<0.001); But it is still far from the optimal level. In the qualitative part, the challenges of this program include the challenges of the field of thought (the weakening of morals in the society; disregarding the value and dignity of teachers) and the challenges of the field of practice (the conflict between theory and practice; curriculum problems ) was analyzed. Also, strategies for promoting ethics education at two university levels (student recruitment policies; professor selection policies; continuous empowerment) and classroom (choosing appropriate content; using appropriate teaching methods) were identified.

In this article, a part in the life of Augustine and Ghazali, with common features during the period of internal transformation, especially in their spiritual dimension and moral conduct, has been discussed. Similarities that are based on the same apprehension for the painful search of the method of obtaining certainty and the meaning of prosperity, and the way of behavior in achieving happiness and moral virtues. In this research, which was formed by descriptive-historical method and library study, while shining light on common states for Ghazali and Augustine in spiritual and moral aspects, the contexts of their mental and spiritual evolution are explained in an epistemological and methodological reflection, and in an intuitive way both in Achieving certainty and attaining happiness by returning to God and gaining His pleasure through instilling moral virtues is emphasized, and after that, Augustine's and Ghazali's moral system for achieving prosperity is compared and pointed to their integrated moral system. Also in the last part of this article, different aspects of Ghazali compared to Augustine, such as the acceptance of the dignity of reason in the end of life and his avoidance of restrictions regarding the happiness of followers of religions, are examined.