مجله زبان و ادبیات فارسی
سال هجدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1401)

The analysis of mutual behavior is a theory for recognizing the behavior, perception (feeling), and mentality of individuals in the context of characters relations, in which an image of human psychological structure is presented. The pattern of three sensual modes, such as “parent", Adult”, and “child” has been used to analyze human behavior. Masnavi of Molana Mohammad Balkhi, contains the history of human groups with different beliefs and behaviors, in which psychological characteristics have been reflected. This study aims to investigate the behavior of each characters in the story ‘the king and the maid” and analyze them based on Eric Brown theory to achieve psychological features of each characters. The results of studying the components of mutual behavior analysis in the above-mentioned story represents that the relation between characters includes three sensual modes and the king is the most reasonable and sound character in this story.

Archetype and poetry both come from the human unconscious and have their roots in dreams. Therefore, examining the collective unconscious pronoun in poets' poems helps the audience to understand and receive the concepts in the poems more deeply. Nima Yoshij, the father of modern Persian poetry, is one of the poets who had a mythological approach in his poems. In this research, some of Nima's poems, in which archetypes played a central role, were examined. including Darug, Rooster, Phoenix and Pi Daru Chapan. First, a definition of myth was presented, then the relationship between archetype and poetry, and then the collective unconscious manifestations in Nima's poems, and finally some examples of Nima's poetry were explained. In this article, the poems of Tabari Nima (Roja collection) and the complete collection of Persian poems of this poet have been greatly helped and an attempt has been made to use them with a descriptive analytical method and by using library tools to understand the history and observe previous researches and analyze the content

Every literary work is the result of the author’s thought and ideology which has been achieved during the time and on the basis of the science and experience. This is true about the works of Sadegh Hedayat, a contemporary author that the paradigms and ideologies of his work belong only to him; however, there are influences from others in his works, according to studies and learning. Hedayat is skilled at processing his stories, as if he were writing only for a professional and punctual audience. For this reason, familiarity with his mental space in the critique and analysis of his works requires more accuracy and diligence in the relevant sciences. This research has also analyzed his works with the approach and method of content analysis and by library study to find the components of system of thought on Sadegh Hedayat's thought. Therefore, the creating works of realism and surrealism can sometimes be considered as the result of the action of his confrontation and society and sometimes his dialectic and himself, with the hypothesis that the author is attached to his chosen subjects. The result of the research by analyzing components such as aimlessness and aimlessness and mortalism, realism, surrealism and nationalism, shows that his idea between his confrontation and the society and his dialectic and himself is variable and both of them have never reached a common point..

This article focuses on the sociological critique of the contemporary novel. Bourdieu extends Marxist analysis of economic capital to a variety of exchanges, including cultural, social, and symbolic. He believes that these capabilities are a form of capital because they contribute to the purchasing power of different situations. This multidimensional concept of capital makes it possible to provide a more appropriate picture of the structure, order of relations and dependencies of the social space. Based on this, we have examined the four types of capital of the female characters in the novel "I turn off the lights", by Zoya Pirzad, and by qualitative content analysis method, we have come to the conclusion that the female characters in this novel are from different classes (poor, rich, average). They are a community Their reaction to the problems of life is silence. The women in this novel, including Clarice, are each victims of the conditions of a patriarchal society. Those who are under the control of men and their capital have no symmetrical capital and live on only one dimension of their capital.

Existentialism is one of the most important philosophical and literary schools in the world, in which the human person is recognized as a conscious agent and in the experience of existence and also the touch of the meaning of existence, he directly faces the truth of existence, the emptiness of his life. understands Ontology or existentialism talks about man and his originality and emphasizes the priority of existence over nature and knows everything from that man. Also, examples such as human responsibility, human individuality, the vastness of the world, apprehension and anxiety, freedom, loneliness, isolation, and border situations are clear and obvious manifestations of the philosophical school of existentialism, which are found in contemporary poetry and in the poems of Akhwan. Third are also used. The Third Brotherhood lived in a period when existential thoughts influenced his works, and in fact, this poet's thought interacts with Sartre's thoughts. In this research, which was compiled using a descriptive-analytical and library method, it is possible to get an image of the school of existentialism in this poet's poetry and realize the mutual connection between her thoughts and Sartre.

Amir Arslan Namdar is one of the most popular Iranian folk tales, which has a special place among literary friends in Iran and among Persian speakers around the world. This story created by the creative mind of Naqib al-Mamalek, Naqal Naseruddin Shah, was not only liked by the Shah, but also liked by scholars and polite friends with its narrative elements. The main goal in this collection is to examine the structure and morphology of the most influential characters of this story, based on Propp's theory. found in most Iranian legends. In this collection, influential characters were investigated and according to Propp's theory, these characters were classified into three groups, which include: helpful people, people who have two roles of helping and villain in the story. And the last category are people who only appeared in the role of villains.

The existence of mystical-allegorical elements and concepts in the works of poetry and prose of the fifth to ninth centuries clearly shows itself. Rationalism is the main element of these writings that the author constantly confronts reason and love. In Suhrawardi's "Mones –Al- Oshshagh" treatise, love is the child of reason and reason is the first creation of God; And the intellect finds meaning through love. The theme and style similar to this allegorical story is also evident in the lyrical poem "Hosn -O- Del" by Fattahi Neyshabouri. In addition, the composition and vocabulary of Suhrawardi's treatise have also found their way into it. Our aim in this article is to study the stylistics of Mones –Al- Oshshagh Suhrawardi's treatise and the system of Hosn -O- Del Fattahi Neyshabouri through intertextuality with Gerard Genett's theory to the extent of the influence of Neyshabouri Fattahi's style on Suhrawardi and the use of innovative and rhetorical words. Get Suhrawardi in our system. The present research has been done analytically-descriptively using the library method. As a result, it has been pointed out that Fattahi, in terms of the mystical thought and style of the ninth century, has tried to use words that convey the burden of mystical meaning. Considering the lexical and compositional study of the poem "Hosn -O- Del" we see the profound influence of Suhrawardi's rhetorical style. From the perspective of intertextuality, Fattahi has followed Suhrawardi in explicit, implicit and implicit forms.