نشریه توسعه پایدار شهری
پیاپی 9 (زمستان 1401)

: In the architecture of historical houses, the environment, in addition to direct effects on how to choose effective climate solutions, has also influenced the temperament of living spaces. The current research aims to know the environment of Bushehr's historical houses and how it affects the temperament of the space.This research has been done with the aim of finding factors in the architecture of historical houses in Bushehr due to the effects of the environment on its mood through knowing the temperament characteristics of each space by studying the presence of the four characteristics of the environment as representatives of the four main moods on the spaces of the house. In researching the four characteristics of the environment, i.e. the four elements of water (earth moisture), wind (air flow), soil (building and connection with the earth) and fire (sun), each as a representative of the temperaments. main, have been considered. How the environment affects the temperament of the space and its effect on the architecture of the historical houses of Bushehr as the main question, and how each of the four indicators of the environment affects the temperament of the space as basic questions are considered. 16 houses in the historical context of Bushehr have been considered as a statistical population to analyze its temperamental characteristics in terms of how they are affected by the four elements.The samples were selected according to their distribution in the four historical neighborhoods of Bushehr, their different sizes, the number of different floors and the distance of each to the sea. The research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and practical in terms of purpose and data collection is done in library and field study. The analysis was done in quantitative and qualitative method. Data analysis was considered to analyze the houses of the historical context of Bushehr in two ways: holistic (comprehensive) and detailed analysis in order to reach a general (inferential) result. The most important result of this research is the existence of diversity in the temperament of the house spaces in the historical context of Bushehr, so that each of the spaces has been formed according to the way of living and activities of the residents in it, and people with different temperaments can live based on their physical and mental needs.The architecture of the house in the traditional context of Bushehr has formed a whole in the interaction with the environment and people while being diverse.

The facades of the building as a wall play an important role in the connection between the interior and exterior of the building and directly cause factors such as heat exchange inside and outside the building, management, optimization and prevention of energy loss in buildings. Therefore, climate-compatible skins are effective in designing, simulating and achieving dynamic aesthetics, on energy efficiency and qualitative improvement of climatic comfort inside the building. This research is an exploratory framework for the design of facades compatible with the climate and thermally responsive smart materials in the building shell, which is able to create thermal comfort inside the building with the aim of using environmental energy. The method used in this research is based on the combined method by examining case studies based on the descriptive-analytical process, in which library studies with logical reasoning method are used to collect information. Therefore, a comparative analysis was performed on a smart Nano sensor with thermal responsiveness and evaluation of different dimensions of Nano materials. The obtained results indicated that smart skins compatible with the climate in terms of changes and environmental conditions in different geographical climates can be used to create more comfort and safety for users and save energy resources. As a result of energy consumption and creating climatic comfort in every geographical climate, it is under the comprehensive control and management of climate compatible shells.

Paying attention to the arrangement of the senses in the environment by creating suitable spaces to meet human needs can be a basis for thinking and meditation. Man, experiences space with the help of his sense of sight and creates a continuous and organized image in his mind. Since how to understand the environment and the adaptation of the objective characteristics of the environment and different mental perceptions are among the challenges in the field of environmental psychology, therefore, the present study aims to show the desirability of visibility and field of view, and the level of visual attractiveness in Isfahan market halls. It analyzes and evaluates the perceptual environment using Gestalt psychological theory and environmental capabilities in measuring observer's lines of sight. The main question of the research is what is the relationship between the axis of human vision and gestalt perception in the entrance and courtyards of Isfahan's historical bazaar? The answer to this question is proposed in the form of a hypothesis; It seems that the observer's view has a direct relationship with the gestalt topics in the entrance and courtyards. The results of this research are explained with the criteria produced by the current version of depthmapX, as well as theoretical considerations, and the indicators of Gestalt principles are investigated as one of the criteria of environmental ability on human visual perception in the bazaar of Isfahan. The view from the courtyard and the view from the entrance are analyzed using isovist indicators such as area, compression, compactness, closure and environment. In order to prepare a report in the field, 12 architecture students unfamiliar with the environment and 12 professionals familiar with the environment were asked to explain the influential components in order to understand the environmental quality by being present in the space, and this evaluation was done on 12 buildings (small, medium, large). accepts the results of this research show that there is a direct relationship between Isovist view, area and understanding of gestalt indicators. In this way, the larger the area of ​​the yard, the wider the view to understand the space. At the entrance, the field of view does not have a direct relationship with the gestalt principles in all cases, because the long corridors provide less field of view and provide a place for reflection, pause and a different gestalt view.

Nowadays, the study of environmental pollution in the field of urban health is considered one of the main concerns of citizens, global organizations and organizations, managers and urban planners, so that ignoring it can seriously threaten and endanger human life and survival. Therefore, the purpose of writing this article is to evaluate the impact of environmental pollution on the health of citizens in Siah Astalkh and Rudbartan neighborhoods of Rasht city. This research is part of applied research in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical research in terms of its nature and method. Data collection has been obtained through a questionnaire with 10 independent indicators and 2 dependent indicators with 55 items through the review of valid research documents and field impressions. The statistical population of the research is the citizens over 15 years of age of Siah Astalkh and Rudbartan neighborhoods of Rasht city, and the sample size is 200 residents of the said neighborhoods, and the distribution of the questionnaire was completely random. To analyze the findings from field studies, spss and smart pls software and statistical test of structural equations have been used. The results of the research showed that Siah Astalkh neighborhood with a total of 0.524 path coefficients compared to Rudbartan neighborhood with a total of 0.384 path coefficients had the greatest impact on environmental pollution and urban health of citizens. In the end, according to the results of this research, suggestions to improve the status of these indicators in the performance of the mentioned neighborhoods, including the planning and efforts of the authorities to invest in reducing air pollution, providing the necessary grounds for the health of drinking water, cleaning and The cleanliness of the streets and alleys of the neighborhoods, providing the necessary grounds for people's participation, etc have been provided.

Nowadays, the sense of security in urban spaces has become one of the most important concerns of citizens, managers, law enforcement agencies and urban planners, and if it is ignored, the conditions for crime will be created in such a way that the lives of citizens will be in serious danger. Therefore, the purpose of writing this article is to evaluate and analyze the sense of security of citizens in the urban spaces of Zoroastrian neighborhood of Kerman. This research is part of applied research in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical research in terms of its nature and method. Data collection has been obtained through a questionnaire with 4 main indicators and 23 items through the review of valid research documents and field impressions. The statistical population of the research is the citizens of Zoroastrian neighborhood of Kerman city, and the sample size was collected according to Cochran's formula to the number of 120 residents of the said neighborhood and the distribution of the questionnaire was random. SPSS software and Friedman's statistical tests and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used to analyze the findings from the field studies. The results of the research showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the four components of citizens' sense of security, so that the highest correlation between "social-behavioral" and "physical-spatial" components with a value of (0.645); And the lowest correlation between "monitoring" and "access" components is with the value (0.234). Also, with the results obtained from the Friedman test, it was found that the access index with a total average of 1/65 is in the worst condition compared to other research indices, which means that this index is more important than other research indices at the Zoroastrian neighborhood level. After that, there are the social-behavioral index, the monitoring index and finally the physical-service index. In the end, according to the results of this research, there are suggestions to improve the status of these indicators in the performance of the Zoroastrian neighborhood, including the improvement and improvement of abandoned spaces, improving the lighting conditions of roads and alleys at night, increasing the participation of citizens in the implementation of urban plans, improving the condition of sidewalks and Passages etc, are provided.

Deteriorated fabrics is one of the main problems of Iran's metropolises, which is most evident in the city of Tehran. The studies conducted on the possible earthquake in Tehran indicate that this natural disaster will be a great human disaster for Tehran. From time to time, this issue requires urgent decisions to renew this structure as soon as possible, but it seems that the haste in the decision caused many human and quality issues to be ignored. In fact, a holistic approach was needed in order to speed up and consider several cases and components. Revitalizing or revitalizing architecture as a holistic approach derived from sustainable architecture can be used in construction in worn-out contexts. Introducing and explaining the concept of regenerative architecture as a holistic approach that can be used as a theory and conceptual framework in evaluating the degree of desirability of architecture and its compatibility with humans and the environment in deteriorated fabrics. Using the Delphi method and through interviews, as well as reviewing research documents and literature; 6, then, 34 indicators related to research were extracted and in the form of consensus index (importance, certainty and priority) indicators that can have an impact on the non-realization of revitalizing architecture in improving the quality of housing and dilapidated fabric. The developed indicators were ranked based on the process of hierarchical analysis of influence and effectiveness (pairwise comparison). In the final part of the research based on exploratory analysis with the help of Micmac software, they were analyzed in the framework of cross effects matrix. Based on the results of the research, the revitalizing architecture approach as one of the foundational platforms for sustainability, revitalization and improvement of the quality of Housing in Deteriorated fabrics will be able to achieve this through its effective dimensions, and according to the ecological dimensions; operational; design and body; Economic; social and cultural; Mental and perceptive have the most effect and importance. According to the results of the direct and indirect influence of the key drivers, 3 indicators of changing the architectural trend and using the principles of sustainability, improving the performance of the environment, proper organization of the hierarchy have the most direct impact and 3 drivers of the flexibility of activities and functions, balancing needs and satisfactory coexistence and investment development. They will have the greatest indirect effectiveness in the process of applying a revitalizing standard in improving the quality of Housing in Deteriorated fabrics in Iranian cities.