نشریه دانش انتظامی مازندران
سال سیزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 50، پاییز 1401)

 The public security of tourists is one of the most significant subjects that affect tourism trends in the Caspian Sea. This research is conducted by analyzing the security index in the Caspian Sea from tourists' perspectives.

 The research is a descriptive survey. The statistical population comprises 210 tourists from the Caspian Sea shores in Babolsar city, operating the Cochran formula. The measuring tool is a researcher-made questionnaire on a Likert scale with a range of (5-1). Also, the random sampling strategy is employed to decide on subjects. In order to evaluate the questionnaire's validity, the initial sample including 20 individuals is picked with the experts' opinions. In addition, Cronbach alpha is utilized to determine the reliability value via SPSS; and the value of Cronbach alpha is more than 0.84. Moreover, Structural equation modeling and Lisrel software are used for the data analysis.

 The findings reveal that public security has a positive effect on the presence of tourists in the Caspian Sea. The correlation test in terms of security variables indicates that among tourism in the Caspian Sea, psychological and behavioral security are (43/6), life security is (52/7), theft security is (81/6), transportation security and physical-body are (78/9), and there is no significant difference; and all of them are in a same condition. However, an investigation of the correlation between the security variables demonstrates that the most significant association is related to the security variable in the theft field.

 The results of the hypothesis test showed that according to Table 7, all five hypotheses are accepted. The suggested model could provide new insight for investigators in order to develop the presence of tourists on Caspian Sea shores for future studies

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the role of perceived organizational support on employees' job enthusiasm. The research is practical in terms of its objective because the results can be operated to enhance organizational effectiveness in the police command of Mazandaran province. The statistical population is made up of all the workers working in the coastal cities of Mazandaran Police Command, which is a statistical sample of 253 individuals. For data collection, the standard questionnaire of perceived organizational support by Allen and his colleagues (2008) and the standard questionnaire of job enthusiasm by Salvanova and Shoufeli (2001) are operated. The study is a quantitative research. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the respected professors and the reliability was obtained using the Cronbach alpha formula of 0.88 and 0.78, respectively. For the data analysis, statistical tests of correlation, regression, and Friedman test were utilized using SPSS software. The results show that perceived organizational support has a significant impact on workers' job enthusiasm. Also, dimensions of perceived organizational support (job characteristics, job tensions, and organizational activities) have a substantial effect on employees' job enthusiasm. According to the Friedman test, the highest average is allocated to job stress, organizational activities, and job characteristics, respectively.

 Currently, resource and staff limitations, facility and special feature constraints, and some multi-dimensional subjects such as security require the organizations' coordination and collaboration. Accordingly, this research seeks to investigate the inter-organizational synergy function in the construction and development of security and discipline in Babolsar coastal city.

 This paper is applicable in terms of purpose. Also, it is analytical and descriptive in terms of characteristics. Moreover, it relies on field surveys and library data collection. In order to collect the information date, all the experts and professionals presented in the organizations responsible for security (Tourism and Cultural Heritage Organization, Islamic Council of the city, Municipality, Faraja, and Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance) of Babolsar city are employed. The number of individuals is equivalent to 22 people. Corroborating the accuracy and reliability, the questionnaire is given to members of the statistical population. The resulting data are scrutinized via the multivariable linear regression and entropy analysis.

 In the research procedure, the function of three groups of elements impacting the development of inter-organizational cooperation in the framework of legal requirements, resources and facilities, and the level of management practices are identified and the influence of each is estimated. Correspondingly, the results indicate that resources and facilities have the most elevated priority in the development of inter-organizational cooperation. Then legal requirements and the level of management practices are in the next priority.

 Each of these three aspects: legal requirements, resources and facilities, and the level of management practices are influential characteristics in the development of inter-organizational cooperation to construct and extend discipline and security in seashores

Today, smart city and smart urban systems are words that are heard frequently in the urban innovation industry. These are new approaches trying to solve the challenges of the urban society and enhance life qualities in all dimensions by taking advantage of the capacities and achievements of information and communication technology (ICT) in cities seeking development and transformation. Along with all the subjects associated with urban development and citizen services, attention to the safety and security of urban communities is certainly an essential issue. Today, there is a codified and comprehensive program focusing on the solutions to support Police activities in cities pioneer to smart city areas (i.e. receiving emergency call reports, traffic control, patrol, research, and prevention activities). The goals of a safe smart city will be achieved by setting up the police required systems, in order to lower the crime rate and respond quickly to emergencies. In this research, the purpose is to investigate the criteria that are effective in setting up smart urban systems, emphasizing the priority of smart police. Regarding the practical characteristics of the research, it has been attempted to identify challenges and opportunities. While considering all the influencing factors, a precise prioritization of the main components and sub-components affecting the implementation of smart city systems emphasized by the police in the cities of Mazandaran province should be done. The results emphasize the significance of four categories of main factors in creating a smart city and smart urban systems, which include: the legal factor, the technical factor, the economic factor, and the operative factor. To recognize and evaluate the criteria accurately for each category of factors, the relevant sub-criteria were identified. By completing the importance questionnaire of each item using the opinions of experts in this field, the valuation and importance coefficient of each item is done using the fuzzy AHP approach and binary comparisons. In addition to identifying challenges and opportunities, the results of the research indicate the effectiveness degree or the priority of the effective component on the launch of smart urban systems in valuation and ranking form. Based on the obtained results, the component of legal factor, technical factor, economic factor, and operational factor are in first to fourth priorities respectively. Also, after prioritizing the main factors, all the sub-components are ranked and weighted separately. The remarkable point is the reasons for obtaining the highest ranks and, more importantly, the reasons for obtaining low ranks for each of the components and sub-components, pointing out why and the suggested solutions are points to consider in this investigation.

This research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the role of organizational silence on the productivity of human resources. This research is practical and in terms of method, it is a descriptive survey. The statistical population includes all employees of the police command in the western coastal cities of Mazandaran province, which is estimated to be 223 individuals through the Cochran formula, and simple random sampling. Data collection tools are library investigations and standard questionnaires, which include Van Dyne's Organizational Silence (2003) and Hersey and Goldsmith's Human Resource Productivity Questionnaire (1980). The content validity and the reliability of the questionnaire through Cronbach alpha are 0.92 for the organizational silence questionnaire and 0.84 for the efficiency questionnaire. In this research, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and correlation coefficient, regression, and Friedman test are utilized for data analysis. In the obtained results, it seems that organizational silence affects the efficiency of human resources. Furthermore, the dimensions of organizational silence (altruistic silence and defensive silence) have a positive and significant impact on the productivity of human resources. Also, submissive silence has a negative impact on the efficiency of the workforce. However, the evaluation of the fourth hypothesis based on the Friedman test demonstrate that submissive silence with a coefficient of 2.43 is the first priority. As a result, it has the greatest effect on the productivity of the workforce, and defensive silence with a coefficient of 2.02 is the second priority. However, friendly silence is ranked third with a coefficient of 1.56. Therefore, it has the least effect on the efficiency of human resources in NAJA.

The crime of fraud is considered as one of the most important crimes against property in all legal systems and all countries of the world. The Iranian legislature has been paying attention to the crime of fraud for many years and has approved it in a separate law entitled "Law on Intensifying Punishment for Perpetrators of Bribery, Embezzlement and Fraud" in 1988. The British legislature first criminalized fraud under part of the 1968 theft law, which passed a new law on fraud in 2006 due to the ambiguity of the law. Fraud is a deception done by someone or persons for their own benefit or that of an institution. Therefore, this study has been written with a comparative study of the crime of fraud in the case law of Iran and the United Kingdom. The present study is analytical-descriptive in terms of nature and method and the collection of information in it has been through documentary review and receipt. The findings of this study have shown: First, differences between the crime of fraud in Iranian and British law in terms There are conditions for realization. In Iranian law, fraud is committed in the form of a positive act and no definition of a crime has been applied, but its criminal instances have been stated and this crime has been considered as a result of the perpetrator. According to Iranian law, what the perpetrator takes from the victim is the material form of property (movable or immovable). In addition to financial rights, English law also refers to non-financial rights.