نشریه مطالعات زبان و گویش های غرب ایران
سال یازدهم شماره 40 (بهار 1402)

The purpose of the present research is to study consonant adjacency restrictions at the derivation boundary in Persian words. This research shows that to what extent consonant adjacency can be affected by place of articulation, manner of articulation and voice feature. In this research 1362 derivative words with consonant sequence are extracted from Moshiri dictionary (1388). The frequency of sequences and the frequency of each consonant in each of the places in sequence is presented. The results show that consonants are appeared in consonant sequences with a significant difference in frequency. Fricative- nonfricative sequences have the most frequency and nasal-nasal sequences have the least frequency. Comparing the frequency of consonants in first and second placement in sequence shows that all 23 consonants in Persian can appear at the first place in sequence in derivation boundary but only 12 consonants can appear at the second placement. Of the 198 types of sequences, 54% are the same in the respect of voice feature, while 46% are different in that respect. So the tendency towards voice homogeneity feature is slightly greater than heterogeneity in voice. Voicing status does not show a significant change according to the first and second placement of the sequence.

This article examines the process of consonant epenthesis in Azerbaijani Turkish language (Tabrizi dialect) based on optimality theory (standard approach). To do this research 90 Turkish words and 50 borrowed words were collected from the speakers of this language. The purpose of the present study is to determine under what phonological conditions consonant, epenthesis takes place and what the active markedness constraints in explaining the mentioned process are. Data analysis shows that in this language, when adding a suffix consisting a (vowel) phoneme with [+high] vowel is inserted to stem or the preceding suffix, the consonant /n/ and when adding a (vowel) phoneme or several (a consonant + a vowel) phonemes is inserted with [-high] vowel to the stem or preceding suffix /j/ consonant. Analysis of data indicates that in the mentioned phonological conditions, when hiatus vowel occurrence, ONSET markedness dominates DEP reliability constraint, and the constraints introduced with a fixed rating can easily explain the consonant epenthesis process.

The present study investigates the status of Turkish among female students living in Baharestan in Tehran province whose parents are Turkish speakers and have already migrated to this city. The aim of this study within the framework of Fishman’s domain analysis is to investigate the status and role of Turkish language alongside Persian in two domains of family and school among school girls. The data was collected using a questionnaire as well as direct observation in the long term. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Taking the nature of the research questions into account, one-sample t-test as well as Chi-Square goodness of fit test was conducted. The results of the study showed although the schoolgirls are fluent in Turkish language, they prefer to use Farsi in both informal domain of home as well as the formal domain of school. Furthermore, this study indicated that the status of Turkish language among schoolgirls has declined significantly and Turkish language is used in more and more limited domains. The dominant language, Tehrani Persian, has replaced Turkish in most of the domains and it is feared that the second and third generation of Turkish emigrants become monolingual and lose their mother tongue.

This article examines the Zoroastian Middle Persian modal verbs in terms of typology. The type of research is qualitative and its method is descriptive-analytical. The framework in this study is adapted from Nauze. The Middle Persian modal verbs are: abāyēd, šāyēd, tuwān, sazēd and kāmistan. The data is collected through the Zoroastian Middle Persian texts. After collecting data, the type of modal verbs in the data was determined and then the semantic mapping of each verb was specified on the conceptual space. The results showed that Nauze framework is not suitable for covering the meaning of Zoroastian Middle Persian modal verbs. So, the probability axis was added on the vertical axis of the conceptual space. Also, this research showed that the Middle Persian data contradicts the typology that Nauze had presented.

In this descriptive-analytic study, firstly, compound adjectives of Hawrami Kurdish of Paveh gathered from Persian-Kurdish Dictionary (Mardukh Ruhani et al., (3 Vols.), 2006), along with 25 others added by one of the authors who is the speaker of Hawrami Kurdish of Paveh. Then, the data were examined based on cognitive linguistics and Hamawand’s (2011) model of cognitive morphology. The semantic relationship between the head and the modifier of these adjectives were analyzed based on three cognitive operations; categorization, configuration and conceptualization. The results indicated that nine out of twelve categories proposed by Hamawand can be seen in Hawrami Kurdish of Paveh (including adjectives in which modifier shows the goal, or place of the head, or doesn't have the feature mentioned by the head, or adjectives whose head shows type, feature, size, activity, tendency, or moving toward the modifier). There are, also, four more categories which are not mentioned in Hamawand’s model but exist in Hawrami Kurdish of Paveh (including adjectives whose modifiers show the quantity, range, feature or resemblance of the head). There are also three inter-word-class- and three intra-word-class-domains and six construals in compound adjectives of Hawrami Kurdish of Paveh.

In this study, the copula constructions in Gorani texts are investigated, as well as how the ergative system is reflected in them. The Divan of Mawlavi (also known as Kurdish Mawlavi) is one of the most authoritative Gorani manuscripts used in this study. To extract and describe the copula constructions, Dixon's (2010) approach is applied. The copula constructions in Gorani texts are classified into four types: nominal, attributive, existential locative, and existential possessive. In addition to the existential construction, the lexical verb "to have" has been employed to express possession. The agreement pattern of Copula verbs in nominal, attributive, and locative constructions follows the pattern of "S" in past ergative verbs, but in existential possessive constructions it follows the pattern of "A" in past ergative verbs. Despite the fact that lexical verbs have a split and tense-based ergative system, the ergative system in possessive construction is uniformly the same in the present and past tense. Although the existential construction is employed to show possession in both the Gorani texts and modern Persian, in modern Persian the accusative is reflected by the suffix "ra" whereas in Gorani texts the ergative is reflected by pronominal clitics.