نشریه مطالعات زبان و گویش های غرب ایران
سال یازدهم شماره 43 (زمستان 1402)

The purpose of the present study is to investigate double negation in Persian in the framework of Cognitive linguistics and based on the theory of mental spaces. Negation is one of the most important cognitive, intellectual and linguistic categories in the human mind, which is manifested in different languages of the world in different ways. This category is also manifested in Persian by various negative elements and structures that generally can be divided into two categories: single (simple) negation and multiple negation. The research data consists of 921 Persian sentences extracted from the social network of Instagram. The results of data analysis show that each double negation sentence, in addition to its own mental space, evokes the mental space of the positive sentence and sometimes the mental space of the corresponding single negative sentence. Understanding the meaning of double negation depends on the formation of these mental spaces and the creation of conceptual maps between them based on the three cognitive processes of understatement, intensification and semantic neutralization.

This study presents an overview of phonological adaptation of loanwords in Azerbaijani Turkish Language by breaking up the initial clusters. The syllable structure of Azerbaijani Turkish Language is CV(C)(C). That is ONSET is obligatory in this language, and there should be a consonant at the beginning of the word. But the initial cluster is forbidden and *COMPONS is considered in high priority. So, if a loanword with initial cluster appears in this language, it should be broken up with different repair strategies such as: vowel epenthesis, resyllabification and deletion of short vowels or some consonants to adapt the syllable structure of this language. The most frequently applied repair strategy in Azerbaijani Turkish Language is vowel epenthesis that can be in two kinds both anaptyxis and prothesis. There are various theories about the site of epenthesis, that is where the vowel should be inserted; at the beginning of cluster or a position between the consonants. Just Fleischhacker’s theory (2001,2005) accounts for the epenthesis in Azerbaijani Turkish Language. She says that the epenthesis is based on maximal perceptual similarity between input and output. The site of epenthesis is investigated in Optimality Theory that is an appropriate theory in this case.

 The current research delves into phonological processes in the Sanandaji dialect of Sorani Kurdish within the framework of prosodic phonology. Prosodic phonology, a prominent approach in this field, offers a practical method for defining the scope of each phonological rule through seven prosodic constituents. This approach emphasizes the interaction between grammar and phonology. By examining specific phonological rules, the paper aims to provide evidence for each prosodic constituent in the Sanandaji dialect of Kurdish. Ultimately, the study demonstrates that the application of phonological rules in this language is heavily influenced by syntactic content and the lexical category of the word. Additionally, it highlights that the application of the rule varies in homonymous words with different lexical categories.

In this research, semantic frames and construction schemes of compound verbs with "dɑdæn" (to give) light verb has been studied to consider their polysemy. The data includes 382 compound verbs with "dɑdæn" as a light verb, collected from the sources such as Zansu Dictionary (Keshani, 1993), Farhang-e Bozorg-e Sokhan (Anvari, 2002), Syntactic Valency Lexicon for Persian Verbs (Rasooli et al., 2011), and Persian Orthographic Dictionary (Sadeghi and Zendi Moghadam, 2015). The semantic categorization of data is based on Farhang-e Bozorg-e Sokhan (Anvari, 2002). The semantic frames included syntactic valency, grammatical structure, and grammatical functions related to sentences with compound verbs in each semantic category, while the constructional schemas provided templates for making new compound verbs. The findings indicated that by using concepts presented in Frame Semantics (Fillmore, 1982) and Constructional Morphology (Booij, 2010a, 2010b, 2018), the relationship between constructional schemas and semantic frames can be established, and the existing polysemy among compound verbs with the light verb "dɑdæn" can be identified and explained. This analysis leads to a hierarchical and network-like structure of constructional schemes, providing a clear picture of abstract polysemy at the level of construction patterns.

Today, corpus-based language teaching is the focus of many researchers in the field of language education, and language corpuses are used in different ways in this field. In this article, we intend to introduce various types of corpora useful in language teaching and point out their structural features, and discuss the efficiency of corpora and their role in language teaching. Based on this, we have generally introduced two types of corpus, pedagogic corpus, and the other language learner corpus, and we have mentioned examples of these corpuses in the Persian language. In addition, we have listed some tagged linguistic data of the Persian language and showed how they can be used in teaching the Persian language. It is clear that the main question of this research is focused on the effect and applications of corpora in language teaching, and to answer it, we had to refer to the background of theoretical and practical studies in this field with a comprehensive descriptive view. The results of the review and research studies of this study show that each of the mentioned bodies can be useful in language teaching in a special way according to the content infrastructure they have, and the data analysis of this article confirms the positive effect of linguistic data on the production of appropriate educational content.

Pierre Guiraud is one of the linguists who raises the issue of examining social signs to understand the hidden and implied meaning of the text. Social Semiotics is an approach that examines signs to understand the hidden meaning in texts. Social signs, when they are placed beside other signs and words, convey a meaning beyond the explicit and apparent meaning to the audience. Clothing and ornaments have a special place, as one of the most obvious socio-cultural phenomena, in the words of authors and poets. Kurdish poets have also paid much attention to their local clothes and ornaments and have used them for various purposes in their verses. As one of the famous Kurdish Poets, Qane has mentioned clothes and ornaments in his poems. They have different functions. Investigating the reflection of local clothing and ornaments in Divan Qane from the view point of social semiotics of Guiraud shows that each type of clothing and ornaments of the Kurdish people in Divan Qane is a sign that in coexistence with Other words in the context refer to the social, cultural, economic, and moral conditions of Kurdistan society, the patriotism of the Kurdish people, and the poet's mental and emotional state