نشریه سیاست ها و تحقیقات اقتصادی
پیاپی 4 (زمستان 1401)

The current research's main aim is to investigate globalization's impact on industrialization in Iran from 1979 to 2020 using vector autoregression model with time-varying parameters (TVP-VAR). The industrialization and economic globalization indexes have been used to achieve the research purpose. On the other hand, foreign direct investment, government size, and gross domestic product per capita have been used as control variables. This research illustrates that economic globalization has a very positive effect on industrialization in Iran. As a result, it is suggested to the policymakers to reduce international tensions between Iran and other countries to augment globalization, increase the import of new technologies and amplify industrialization. On the other hand, foreign direct investment has a very positive effect on industrialization in Iran. Moreover, GDP per capita has a positive but less intense effect on the industrialization index. Finally, the size of the government has a very negative impact on industrialization in Iran. As a result, policymakers are suggested to consider globalization as a critical and vital factor in increasing industrialization in Iran.

Industrial investments play an important role in improving economic performance and developing economic regions. The industrial sector is one of particular importance in the development process of a region where a significant portion of the population accommodates different levels of income. Achieving this important goal has an effective and decisive role in directing and accelerating the economic performance of the provinces of the country. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the spatial effect of industrial investment on economic performance in all provinces of the country, Iran with a combined spatial econometric approach during the period 2007-2019. Based on the results, the variable of industrial investment and its indirect effects have a positive and significant effect on improving the economic performance of the studied provinces. The results indicated that, the industrial investment should be considered as an important variable in regional development studies in adjacent areas with high economic growth provinces (spatial spillover effects). The results also show that the active population and employment had a positive and significant effect on economic performance, while the wage rate had a negative and significant relationship with the economic performance of the provinces.

Due to extensive sanctions against Iran, in this study the economic effects of trade sanctions was investigated. Accordingly, after reviewing the thematic literature and studies conducted in this regard, using the statistical information of the Central Bank's 2016 statistical output data table and the computable general equilibrium method, the price and production effects of Iran's export and import sanctions were investigated.The results obtained using GAMS 34 software in the form of two research scenarios show that the import embargo has more severe economic effects than the export embargo on the economy. In the import embargo economic growth will reduce, respectively 6.72 and 9.87 percent and general level of production prices will increase 23.6 and 29.46 percent in the first and second scenarios. Export ban reduces economic growth of 2.05 and 4.55 and price levels 2.03 and 4.5 percent during the first two scenarios. The important point in this discussion, to reduce the general level of prices in the export ban, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis.

Housing costs are one of the factors affecting on crime and income inequality. Increasing housing costs will reduce purchasing power and increase inequality, which will have heavy economic burden and psychological pressure on households and they may choose economic crimes to earn money to cover housing costs. In this study, the time period is from 2009 to 2020 and the quantile panel data regression model has been used to investigate the asymmetric effects of increasing housing costs on income inequality and crime rates in the provinces of Iran. The results show that increasing housing costs (increasing housing prices and rents) has increased income inequality and increased crime in the provinces of Iran. Other results of the study include a negative and significant effect of GDP per capita on income inequality and crime rates. According to the results, increasing migration rates has increased income inequality and increased crime; On the other hand, increasing employment rates have decreased income inequality and crime rates. Another important result of this study is the two-way causality between income inequality and crime rate.

The efficiency of the public sector is expressive of the capability and ability of managing the country by the managers and the society agents leading to the people's satisfaction. The ability of governments in performing their duties provides requirements of peoples in a community. In this paper, the efficiency of the public sector of Iran , after Islamic revolution in the institutional sphere of economics and politics has been extracted, during the 44 years. For this purpose, political stability, economic stability, political development and economic development as the outputs and manpower, years of rule, oil revenues and other revenues, as inputs of the public sector decision-making unit, have been used in the data envelopment analysis method. This paper has used the Mann - Whitney test to confirm the significance of changes in public sector's efficiency. The results of this research show that the efficiency of Iran's public sector has been stable in some periods of time and has decreased in others, and in general, it has a significant distance from the efficiency limit.

since the victory of the Iranian Islamic Revolution, various and extensive sanctions have been imposed against Iran. the effect of economic sanctions on Iran's trade and its business partners has been investigated using the generalized least squares method.. The results show that the strong (extensive) economic embargo had a negative effect on the entire foreign trade of Iran. While Iran's foreign trade has been able to continue growing in the shadow of weak (limited) economic sanctions. Extensive and limited sanctions have increased trade between Iran and the countries of the first group. While broad and limited sanctions have reduced the trade of Iran and the countries of the second group. Extensive sanctions have reduced exports and imports, but the effect on exports is greater than on imports. Limited sanctions have not been able to reduce exports and imports. Therefore, economic policy makers should consider the development of trade with neighboring countries in order to manage the effect of economic sanctions.