نشریه علم زبان
پیاپی 15 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

This present research studies ergativity in the Taleshi dialect. This dialect is spoken in some parts of Guilan and appears in three main different types including Central, Northern, and Southern. The type of dialect surveyed in this article is the southern one. It is spoken in Sehsar village. The data are collected in a field study and by interviewing thirty native speakers of this dialect. Ergativity is a grammatical pattern in which the subject of an intransitive clause is treated in the same way as the object of a transitive clause, and differently from the transitive subject. This dialect follows a split-ergative system. This means that, in a present clause, it takes advantage of the nominative-accusative pattern, hence in a past transitive clause it takes advantage of the ergative-absolutive pattern. This research has been done to answer these questions: Is the ergative marker -i the only indicator of ergativity and ergative constructions in this dialect? Which constructions can be considered ergative ones? And on what factors is ergativity based on? After surveying language witnesses of this dialect, these findings have been achieved: Ergativity is not limited only to ergative marker -i , but oblique pronouns and plural nouns ending with -un in a transitive clause and past tense as well as perfect aspect can be the other indicators of ergative constructions. And finally, ergativity is based on past tense and perfect aspect.

Corona is a phenomenon that the living human being has not experienced before, and it happens so suddenly that it causes the closure of Persian language classes in the world. There are 14 Lebanese students studying at the Center of Teaching Persian to Speakers of Other Languages at Allameh Tabataba'i University, who were getting ready to attend academic study in Iranian universities for the year 1399. They have spent half of their Persian-learning course in face-to-face classes where they have encountered Coronavirus problems. In order to solve their problem, Azfa center has shifted their class to virtual online classes. This article reports the result of the virtual Persian classes that took place in this center. The question of this research is: Whether virtual online classes can be replaced with face-to-face education in emergency conditions? The results showed that the rate of language learners' progress in Coronavirus epidemic conditions (virtual education) was not significantly different from face-to-face teaching. Lebanese learners were also largely satisfied with learning Persian virtually. It can be concluded that in emergency situations, the web platform can be used for language teaching. In order to answer the question of the research, we have used students' progress tests and compared the grades of face-to-face classes with virtual online classes and also used a researcher-made questionnaire to measure students' satisfaction.

The analysis of the meanings of the preposition “الباء” and its translation in Surah Al-Imran identifies two basic principles related to the types of languages: First, we translate but we do not fully comprehend the source and target languages (the communicative original); second, languages collide in the translation process (linguistic origin), and the third principle (which is the different translations) should be added to the two principles of communicative and linguistic. For example, The Persian language provides 26 meanings in the Preposition “به” Against the 16 meanings of the Preposition “الباء” -no self-sacrifice- (and in this research, eight new meanings were added to those 16 meanings). Therefore, it is imperative that the translators of the Quran (including the translators mentioned in this study, Ayati, Safavi, Mojtabavi and Makarem) understand Persian and Arabic; undoubtedly, knowing the mother tongue means knowing the potential of other languages. The results showed that the meanings of the prepositions of Surah Al-Imran have a significant effect on the quality of translation from native language to native language and from native language to foreign languages, because these prepositions create different meanings in the Quran context, and they are an influential factor in different translations. This point and the difference between linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge of translators has caused translations of the Quran to be presented in different qualities. The research method is descriptive analytical and statistical analytical. This research is necessary because the meanings of the prepositions have a significant effect on the quality of translations.

The aim of this research was to study language functions of the right hemisphere of the brain in the left hemisphere–damaged patients and compare them with healthy people. In this research, which is kind of Descriptive-Analytical, upon random sampling, two groups of the left hemisphere–damaged patients (20 men &10 women) were selected among people referred to Imam Reza Neuro Clinic, as well as 30 healthy people. Then tests of Right Hemisphere Language Collection (Brian, 1995) and test of Application Acts &Competency of Language (Mehri, 1381) were used, to compare patients' language functions with those of healthy people. The results of the research were analyzed. Analysis of data includes two parts: Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics. The results of the research show that there are no significant differences between healthy and damaged people in view of sex, but there are significant differences between healthy and damaged people in 1-Metaphire test, 2-Written Metaphor test, 3-Comprehension of inferred meaning, 4-Appreciation of humor, 5-Lexical-semantic test, 6-Methapor production test, 7-Written proverb test, 8-Proverb production test, 9-Indirect speech acts test. These results indicate that abilities are not specific to the right hemisphere because people whose left hemisphere is damaged suffer from these disorders, too.

Khafi is one of the dialects of Persian which is common in the city of Khaf (situated in Khorasan Province). The Dialect has a number of differences from Standard Persian regarding phonetics, phonology, and morphology. In this article, simple vowels in the Khafi dialect are described and categorized through minimal pairs and according to generative phonological theory. In order to study and perform an accurate and quantitative comparison, an acoustic experiment is carried out involving eight male speakers in the city of Khaf and within the framework of Source-Filter theory, the acoustic features of these vowels are studied and measured in an unstressed open syllable. In this article, first of all, the average frequency of first and second formants (quality acoustic correlates) of simple vowels in Khafi and Standard Persian are presented on the hertz scale and the average duration of these vowels is presented according to the millisecond, then the quantitative difference of acoustic features of the vowels in Khafi from Standard Persian is measured according to percentage and the results are analyzed. Acoustic vowel space in the Khafi dialect is drawn. In order to study these vowels concerning auditory, the quantity of first and second formants are changed from hertz to auditory and non-linear Bark measurement and are shown in a table then based on these numbers and in order to study the similarities and differences more accurately, Euclidean distance of the vowels in Khafi with the vowels in Standard Persian are calculated.

Saussure, the founder of the new linguistics, opened a new chapter in the contemplation of language and influenced the different intellectual and linguistic currents of the 20th century. Gadamer, on the other hand, is the most important figure of philosophical hermeneutics who, by putting language at the center of it, has come up with a new scheme of understanding the event. Since these two thinkers have analyzed and discussed common themes around language In this research, we aim to design and compare Saussure and Gadamer's linguistic views on topics such as: The nature of language, the sign of language, the instrumentality or non-existence of language, human society (tradition) and language, Lange and Parol, definition and status of symbols,, speech and writing, diachrony or . or synchrony studies of language, etc. Illustrate the similarities and differences of their views and open new horizons in linguistic contemplation with linguistic and philosophical perspectives

The research's aim is to become more familiar with the grammatical features of writings of Chinese learners of Persian (CLP). The main question is how is the grammatical structure of noun groups (NG) in the writings of CLPs level B2. Determining the most used and least used dependencies of the NGs in CLP's writing and also measuring the effectiveness of Bateni's descriptive grammar are among the sub-question of the research. The research is descriptive-analytical and uses a corpus of the final writing test of the 36 CLPs in the Persian language teaching center of IKIU. According to the findings, most of the NGs (84%) had no dependents; in single-dependent NGs, which accounted for 15% of the total NGs, the following dependencies of "noun", "adjective" and the leading dependent "deixis & quantifier" had the highest frequency. In the two-dependent NGs, which had about 1% of the total NGs, and also in the few three and four-dependent NGs, the "noun" and "adjective" dependent had the highest frequency. In general, the findings indicate the ability or low willingness of Persian learners to expand the internal structure of NGs with ahead and follower dependents. At a more detailed level, the findings show the ability or willingness of CLPs to use follower dependencies than leading dependents. It seems that by teaching the grammatical structure of the NG to Persian learners, the quality of their writing can be increased. The research also confirms the effectiveness of Bateni's descriptive grammar in accurately describing the writings of CLPs.