نشریه طلوع بهداشت
سال بیست و دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 97، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1402)

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease can affect all aspects of a person's life. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between stress, anxiety and depression with the quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis. MS was performed.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2018-2019 on 245 patients with multiple sclerosis in Shahrekord city. Non-random sampling method was used and data collection tool was Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire (DASS-21) and Quality of Life Questionnaire in Multiple Sclerosis Patients (MISIS-29). The data were analyzed through spss 20 software.

In the present study, only 26.6% of patients experienced high quality of life, and 30.5% of patients had severe to moderate anxiety, 13/8% moderate stress, and 34.2% moderate and severe depression. There was a significant relationship between the stress and anxiety of the patients and their jobs (p<0.05) and also there was a significant difference between the quality of life and the education of the patients (p<0.05). A significant relationship was observed between the state of stress, depression and anxiety of the patients with the quality of life and with the physical and mental subscales (P<0.001).

The results indicated the prevalence of mental disorders in patients with MS, which has affected the quality of life of patients. Therefore, providing suitable interventions to deal with or adapt to these symptoms and ultimately improve the quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients seems necessary.

The high prevalence of the Covid-19 disease and its rapid infection, the imposition of restrictions, and the high mortality had many negative effects on the psychological and social aspects of bereaved families. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group counseling to deal with grief caused by Covid-19 regarding mournful women in Yazd.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of women with grief experience over losing their husbands due to Covid-19 in 2021. Through available sampling method, 30 participants were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Data was collected through Grief Experience Questionnaire (GEQ) by Barrett and Scott (1998). Moreover, the package of confrontation with mourning, a lived experience of mourning women in Yazd (Kalantari et al., 2021), was performed on the experimental group for ten 90-minute sessions. Covariance with repeated measurements and SPSS version 26 software were used in data analysis.

The research findings showed that the average score of grief experience in the experimental group was significantly lower than control group in posttest droup (p<0.001). Group training and intervention program could improve mourning experience in the experimental group compared to the control group in bereaved women.

Educational intervention based on lived experience of mourning women in Yazd can be used as one of the effective methods to improve mourning experience.

COVID-19 virus infected all the countries of the world in less than a few months due to its high contagion, so it has become necessary to promote preventive behaviors of the disease in correct health plans for its prevention and control. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the preventive behaviors of COVID-19 among youth using the health belief model.

This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted on 412 youth people aged 18-30 years in Khomeyni shahr of Isfahan province. The data was collected using a standardized researcher-made questionnaire based on the health belief model using convenience sampling method. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software.

Preventive behaviors and obstacles for doing them were more in women than in men. A positive and significant correlation was observed between age, education level, and preventive behaviors of COVID-19. There was a positive and significant correlation between preventive behaviors of Covid-19 with perceived sensitivity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy. Meanwhile, the strongest correlation in this study was between self-efficacy and perceived benefits.

According to the findings of the research and the relationship between the constructs of the health belief model and the preventive behaviors of the COVID-19 disease in young people, it seems that the methods based on the health belief model to increase the preventive behaviors of the COVID-19, especially in men, are effective and recommended. It is also suggested that changing self-efficacy and perceived benefits constructs should be prioritized in the design of future interventions to promote preventive behaviors of COVID-19 in young people.

 Today, out of every 5% to 10% of patients admitted to the hospital, one patient is involved in the complications of hospital infections, which has been confirmed to be directly related to the spread of these infections with the contamination of hospital surfaces. Therefore, it is very important to use an efficient method to identify microbial contamination. To this end, this study was carried out to compare the level of contamination of indoor hospital surfaces using two methods of dye detector nanosensor and microbial culture medium (traditional method).

The present descriptive study was carried out with a sample size of 400 cases on ten types of medical equipment for three months using dye detector nanosensor and microbial culture medium. The results were reported as clean and contaminated.

 According to the results, 44% of the samples of microbial culture medium and 45.5% of nanosensor samples were reported positive (contaminated). The samples obtained from static microbial culture, ventilator, and the samples obtained from nanosensor, static, and pulse oximetry were identified as the most contaminated surfaces. Also, E. coli (55.68%), Staphylococcus aureus (28.9%), and Salmonella (23.86%) were recognized as the most common microorganisms.

 The amount of contamination detected by both methods is acceptable due to the high sensitivity of both methods and lack of sterile surfaces. Therefore, in cases where only the detection of general contamination is considered, not isolation of bacteria, dye detector nanosensors can be used as a rapid method to control the contamination of surfaces instead of traditional methods.

Bread is one of the most important components of the diet all over the world. Failure to obtain the unique properties of gluten protein has made it difficult to obtain the desired properties of gluten-free bakery products. Inulin is one of the soluble nutritional fibers widely used in the food industry.

Textural, physicochemical, sensory and shelf life characteristics of inulin in gluten-free bread samples based on rice-acorn flour (70:30) enriched with 10% w/w-1 prebiotic inulin with different degrees of polymerization (less than 10, more from 23 and 60-2) and the conditions of mixed fermentation based on sourdough [MF-SD] were investigated.

Results indicated that MF-SD and using long-chain inulin was able to form a structure able to hold the gases produced during the fermentation and expanded through cooking process and improve the textural characteristics, which seems to be due to its potential ability to form a gel. Additionally, highest inulin stability is also observed at this sample. So that the optimized technological characteristics and lowest inulin loss ration (31% w/w-1) is found at gluten-free bread samples containing 30% w/w-1 of acorn flour and long-chain inulin fermented by MF-SD (A30R70SL).

The use of long-chain inulin is recommended to achieve desirable technological characteristics and high nutritional value in the formulation of gluten-free bread.

Probiotics, as live microorganisms, exert beneficial effects on controlling diseases. Considering the lack of study in this field, the present study was conducted to assess the barriers of probiotic product's usage and the status of knowledge, attitude, and practice among nurses and medical sciences students in Maragheh city.

This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 386 subjects (59 nurses and 327 students) of both genders at Maragheh University of Medical Sciences between 2020 and 2021. Convenience sampling was used on educational-therapeutic centers of Maragheh University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected by a questionnaire consisting of 35 questions, validity and reliability of which were previously evaluated. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the score of knowledge, attitude, performance and barriers, and Chi-square test was used to compare qualitative variables between the two groups of nurses and students.Values less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Overall, 386 subjects (129 men and 257 women) completed the study. About 54% of participants did not have enough knowledge regarding probiotics. Regarding the barriers to consumption, nearly 57% stated that there was no comprehensive and sufficient information about probiotic products, and 46% of participants mentioned that access to probiotic products was poor. There was a significant difference (p<0.001) between the two groups in terms of being interested in learning more about probiotics, welcoming probiotic workshops, using live microbes in controlling diseases and in the family's shopping basket, the healthier status of probiotic foods compared with current supplements and the effect of probiotics on the outcome of the treatment protocol (p<0.001).

The involvement of media in raising awareness about the safety of probiotic products and general education in schools and the community through nurses and healthcare providers is recommended.

This study was conducted to compare Covid-19 anxiety in mothers with cancer children and mothers with children who have other diseases during the Covid-19 pandemic.

This was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study conducted on 250 mothers with cancer children and mothers with children who have other diseases. They visited the clinic and oncology department of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd in 1400. Convenience sampling method was used. Data collection tools were demographic information and Covid-19 anxiety questionnaires. Data were analyzed with a confidence level of 95%.

The mean anxiety score of mothers of children with cancer was 36.36±11.16. The mean anxiety score of mothers of children with other diseases was lower ( 34.65±10.82), based on the t-test statistical test,  but no significant difference was statistically observed between them.

Findings showed that, in general, the average anxiety of mothers in both groups was high (more than 30 out of 54), but there was no significant difference between them regarding the anxiety score.
More studies should be done in different situations and times to more precisely determine the factors affecting the intensity of anxiety of mothers with cancer children .

At the global level, the provision of health services even in the smallest units is complicated, and organizations providing health services are facing various challenges, including the increase in care costs and the reduction of health and treatment fund. The purpose of this research is to identify effective dimensions and components in the formation of financial knowledge and skills needed by hospital managers.

Based on the exploratory approach, this research was conducted qualitatively through phenomenological method. In terms of the result, it is among developmental studies. Necessary analyses were done using the 7-step Colaizzi technique and with the help of Max Kyuda software. Purposive sampling method was used, and data was collected through interviews with 10 financial experts of Iranian hospitals in 1400. Then, data were analyzed, and finally, dimensions and components were extracted.

The main components in determining the financial knowledge of hospital managers included basic information related to financial flow, hospital financing system, financial management and funding, basic accounting and financial information, auditing, management accounting and evaluation, legal and regulatory frameworks in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the payment system, and financial incentives and contracts. In a nutshell, 145 key concepts were extracted.

According to the results of the research, it is necessary to compile appropriate topics and develop educational resources to improve the financial knowledge and skills of hospital managers. It is necessary to prepare and formulate a suitable tool to measure knowledge and financial skills of hospital managers and determine their strengths and weaknesses for the purpose of targeted training and also as one of the requirements for the selection of hospital managers. It is recommended to periodically train the managers of the organization by holding in-service training courses.