فصلنامه فرهنگی - تربیتی زنان و خانواده
سال هجدهم شماره 62 (بهار 1402)

The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the stability of the families of employees of the Ports and Maritime Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran.This research was done with a qualitative approach and phenomenological method. The sample consisted of seven couples from the families of employees working on oil tankers in the open seas of the Persian Gulf and Oman in 1399 who were selected by purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using Klaizi phenomenological analysis method.Findings showed that the factors affecting the sustainability of these families are in 3 main themes of individual factors (including sub-themes of psychological empowerment, ethics and meaningful busyness), Couple factors (including sub-themes of lovemaking, support, responsible participation, resolving constructive conflict, and adopting a constructive attitude toward the relationship) and "extramarital factors" that indicate extra-familial family resources.The results show that the emphasis on the special characteristics of a stable family in the form of Iranian-Islamic culture, which emphasizes moderate collectivism, spiritual-religious confrontation, social supports, self-sacrifice and avoidance of humanist individualism are prominent features of the stability of marriage.Therefore, it is suggested to use the findings of the present study in planning and preventive and intervention measures to strengthen these families

The main goal of the present study was to construct and validate the Marital Happiness Questionnaire. The method of this mixed research is exploratory and its population included couples from Zanjan province. In the qualitative part, a sample of 41 successful couples was selected in a targeted manner. In the quantitative part, a sample of 664 people was selected according to the Cochran formula and the necessary information was obtained from them. Two methods of interview and questionnaire were used to collect information. In the qualitative phase, successful couples were first identified by evaluating interviews and quantitative indicators of happiness, and then a marital happiness questionnaire was created based on the analysis of interviews conducted with successful couples. In the qualitative part, four general themes and thirteen underlying factors for the happiness of couples, including appropriate background (including three categories of families, readiness for marriage and financial resources), adaptive beliefs (including three categories of realistic expectations, belief in understanding and acceptance and commitment and supervision of commitment), relationship strengthening behaviors (including five categories of companionship and joint activity, communication skills, problem solving, support and responsibility) and positive feeling (including four categories of excitement seeking, positive feeling, niceness and affection) ) Were identified.Reliability was assessed in three ways: Cronbach's alpha, composite validity and retesting, which were confirmed by the values of total tools and components due to values above 0.70. Content validity was evaluated and confirmed in two ways: qualitative (interview with 12 family counseling specialists) and quantitative (by calculating two CVR and CVI indicators). For criterion validity, the correlation score of the questionnaire was calculated by evaluating a family counselor for 45 couples on a scale of 1 to 10 and was 0.69. The validity of the structure was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis. The relationship between each question and its underlying factor had a value of t greater than 2 and was therefore significant. Fit indicators also supported the results of confirmatory factor analysis. The tool prepared in this research can be used by counselors and planners to measure the functions of Iranian couples.

Islam is a religion that considers the care of the elderly as necessary and valuable and emphasizes it. Although many children do not take responsibility for caring for their elderly parents, there is evidence that religious women are committed to this task and care for their parents effectively. But today this is difficult from the point of view of some children, but the evidence shows that some of women caregiver in the religious families succeed in doing this, and the question arises as to how they accomplish this important task. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of how to honor the elderly from the perspective of women caregiver in the religious families. The study method was reflective theme analysis. Among the elderly women in Ardestan city, 12 people were selected and interviewed using purposive sampling method to participate in the study. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed by six-step method of Clark and Brown method. The results of the analysis showed that successful care for the elderly contains four core themes, which are: Motivation to honor with codes organizing) religious and family motivation), honoring traits (personality traits, life during experiences), Reasons for honoring (religious education in the past, continuing education in the present) and How to resilience (emotional calming agents, how to spend free time, meaning in life ). According to the results, psychological and spiritual enrichment trainings can be provided for elderly caregivers to strengthen the necessary characteristics for generously caring and improving their resiliency.

The existence of differences in couple interactions is due to the intrapersonal and interpersonal characteristics of couples. The aim of this study is identify patterns of marital interaction in the context of undifferentiated. This research was conducted using qualitative method and phenomenological design. Participants included 11 females and 7 males whose differentiation scores were one standard deviation below average and whose anxiety was one standard deviation above average. Participants were selected by using purposive sampling and Criterion-based method. Data collection was made through semi - structured interview. Also, scales of Skowron and Friedlander differentiation and General Health Questionnaire were used to cover the inclusion criteria. The interviews were coded and analyzed according to Dickelmann's seven-step approach. The analysis of the interviews led to the identification of 118 initial codes, Based on semantic similarity, it was classified into 14 subcategory. Then related concepts were categorized into 5 main categories, which are: Passivity constructor interactive patterns, 2- Hostile interactive patterns, 3- Controlling interactive patterns, 4- Responsibility-oriented interactive patterns, 5- Patterns based on Lack of understanding another point of view. This study emphasizes the role of differentiation of self in marital interaction patterns. In addition, the results indicate the existence of destructive patterns of marital interaction in undifferentiated individuals.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of marital life enrichment training based on emotion during pregnancy on love, sacrificing behaviors, and sexual health literacy of young couples in Ahvaz city. The statistical population of the current research was all young couples with pregnant women aged 22 to 31 who were referring to the hospital and private offices of obstetricians and gynecologists in Ahvaz city in the first half of 2021. Among them, 30 volunteer and qualified couples were selected in a non-random purposeful sampling framework and assigned to experimental and control groups (15 couples in each group) by random replacement. To collect the data, the passionate love scale (Hatfield and Rapson, 1986), the sacrificing behavior questionnaire (Harper and Figures, 2008), and the adult sexual health literacy questionnaire (Masoumi et al., 2017) were used. For the experimental group 8 sessions of 180 minutes of marital relationship enrichment training were implemented, and there was no intervention in the control group. The descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate covariance analysis to analyze the data were used. The research results showed that marital life enrichment training based on emotion in the experimental group improves love, improves sacrificing behaviors, and increases the level of sexual health literacy in young couples compared to the control group(P<0.05). Therefore, by using these educational interventions, the level of quality and marital satisfaction can be increased.

Reception of the essence and nature of marital problems from the revelatory source of Holy Quran is considered essential. Jealousy is a trait that has cognitive, behavioral, emotional and other aspects as well as destructive effects on couples' interactive patterns. The aim of this study was to discover the semantics of jealousy from the perspective of the Quran and hadiths; and also to design a specific couple therapy model based on elimination of jealousy.In this study, both qualitative and quantitative methods were applied. In the qualitative section and content analysis of verses and narrations, the components of the couple therapy protocol based on the word of jealousy were extracted from verses, and moreover, in the quantitative section, the face validity and content validity of the constructed protocol were evaluated. In the design and compilation stage of the protocol, by analyzing Quranic verses and related narrations relying on the root of "jealousy", the conceptual components of jealousy including the preliminaries, supplies as well as results and effects of jealousy were obtained. In regard to outbreak of jealousy in couples’ interaction, protocol of couple therapy was designed based on it through designing jealousy elimination techniques, by a group of 5 people. In the second stage, to examine the content of the protocol, the opinions of a 10-member panel were used by Delphi method and the relative content validity coefficient (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were calculated.The definition of jealousy process within the definition of couple jealousy was obtained in this study. Also, a protocol based on Quranic verses was developed using narrations. The results of the content validity test of the protocol by the panel of experts showed that the total CVR of the protocol is 0.8, 1 respectively, and CVI of sessions is 1, which indicates that the minimum of acceptable amount is established. Results Since jealousy is a trait that is seen in many couples, therefore its identifying and eliminating can eliminate many roots of the conflict between couples and improve marital satisfaction and promote intimacy between them. Most of all, the treatment through this approach would align the person with the divine goals and Hereafter direction in his life so that he can experience the true satisfaction.

The purpose of the current research was to develop a causal model of marital stability and satisfaction based on marital characteristics with the mediation of conflict management in teachers. The current research is of the correlation and structural equations type in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population of the present study included married female primary school teachers in Kermanshah city in 2021. In order to select the sample size based on Cochran's formula, 35 schools were selected from Kermanshah elementary schools by random multi-stage cluster sampling, and then 250 teachers were selected from these schools, and the Marital Satisfaction Questionnaires (MHS) of Natano et al. (1973), Enrich Conflict Management Questionnaire (1982), Marital Instability Index (MII) Edwards et al, and Krismaruzen-Grandon (1998) Marital Characteristics Questionnaire answered. The results showed that the correlation coefficients between conflict resolution, marital satisfaction, and marital stability with the total score of marital characteristics were 0.309, 0.452, and 0.707, respectively, which is significant at the P<0.01 level. As a result, it can be said that conflict management acts as a mediator of positive marital outcomes based on marital characteristics and can be the therapeutic target of family counselors in marital interventions.

One of the determining factors of family health is optimism and life satisfaction. The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy and positive therapy for women involved in conflict who have lived together for a maximum of five years. The semi-experimental research design was pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population of women were involved in the conflict in Mashhad city in April 2022, when they referred to the family court and the dispute resolution council of Mashhad. From the statistical population, 45 people were selected as available and randomly placed in two experimental groups and one control group. Experiment group 1 underwent compassion-focused therapy, experiment group 2 underwent positive therapy during 8 1-hour sessions, and the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the research. The research tools were Enrich's Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (1989) and Shier and Carver's (1994) Optimism Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that the treatment based on compassion and positive treatment was effective on the optimism and life satisfaction of the women of the target group with a confidence coefficient (0.95). Based on this, it can be concluded that compassion-based therapy and positive therapy can be used as complementary interventions to reduce psychological problems and improve the quality of life of women involved in marital conflict.

employed women need strategies to maintain their marital relationship due to their extensive responsibilities in the workplace and family. This study was a qualitative study using content analysis in which data were collected using purposive sampling and in-depth semi-structured individual interviews with eight women working in government departments and non -governmental centers in Ilam City, it was collected in 1400. The duration of the interview sessions ranged from 45 to 60 minutes, and the data reached theoretical saturation point after 8 interviews. Data analysis was carried out through conventional content analysis; after the transcription of recorded interviews on paper and immersion in the data, the initial codes were extracted. To determine the main categories, initial codes were reviewed and classified in several steps. The results of the text of interviews resulted in identifying three main themes including 'intra individual and cognitive strategies', 'interpersonal and behavioral strategies' and 'emotional strategies. The results of this study can pave the way for counselors and family therapists in the field of marital education and premarital counseling. Also working women who have a work family conflict or want to maintain and improve their marital relationship can also benefit from these findings.

The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the influence of the managerial and educational aspects of the family institution on the identity of the youth. The method of this research is descriptive and of the structural equation type, and its statistical population includes young people aged 18 to 35 years of West Azerbaijan province, who were selected by a simple random method, and the research data was collected using an online questionnaire made by the researcher, family and identity. The sample size was 383 people using Sample Power software, which was increased to 400 people to ensure this number, and the research data was analyzed using Spss software, and the structural equation model and model fit criteria were used using the software. Amos software has been drawn and estimated. The findings of this research show that the effectiveness of the managerial and educational aspect of Beber family institution on youth identity is 0.480 and 0.540, respectively, at a significance level of 0.001, the moderating role of gender variable for both groups of women and men is also considered It has been confirmed, also the results of this research indicate the influence of the family institution on the identity of the youth of West Azarbaijan province.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mental health and eating disorders and body Checking behaviors in girl students. The research method was descriptive-correlational. From all students, a sample of 150 people were randomly selected. Data were collected using Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Eating Attitudes Questionnaire (Eat26) and Body Examination Data Questionnaire (BCQ) In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation and variance of inferential statistics including R correlation and multivariate regression were used using SPSS software. The findings showed that the dimensions of mental health can predict eating disorders (disturbed eating) and Body Checking Behaviors. Therefore, it can be concluded that a series of internalized psychological factors, that is, factors in the context of which the "preoccupations" associated with physical transformation are only rationalization and projection of a more fundamental emotional failure cause eating disorders and body check.

Due to the need to identify the factors affecting the observance or non-observance of the hijab and efforts to strengthen the drivers and solve the challenges of this issue, the present study analyzed the views of elementary school girls regarding the reasons for choosing or not choosing the hijab. Participants, 150 students aged 8 to 12 from six provinces of the country, were interviewed with Semi-organized guided interviews using descriptive phenomenological method and purposive sampling of "maximum diversity". The phrases expressed by them were divided into 1025 concepts, 54 categories and 10 themes. Examining the views of the participants, the findings were placed in the two main axes of "Incentives of hijab observance" and "barriers of hijab observance". The five themes inferred in the first axis were "belief strength", "moral role model strength", "emotional psychological strength", "social awareness" and "Stability and growth", and the five themes were "individual motivational weakness", "desire to show off", "belief weakness", "Insightful knowledge deficit" and "social family threats" There were barriers that were classified in the second axis.