مجله کاشان شناسی
سال پانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 29، پاییز و زمستان 1401)

Prague linguistics has presented the theory of connection between normal and literal languages based on Jacobsen theories and distinguished the poetic role of language from its connective role. Followers of this school believed that the connective role of language included those of normal, routine, automatic, and normative. In this way, language acted just as a referent; however, the poetic role of language tends towards signs, symbols, and their significance. Writers of this research try to study the connective language of poems by Mohammad Ibne Ibrahim Al-Mousavi, known as Alavi Broujerdi (1272- 1362); he is one of the poets of fourteen centuries. This study has used an analytic- descriptive method. The findings showed that this poet explained his thoughts and senses truthfully and his emotions were displayed so much in his poems. A hidden pronoun in imperative verbs in this poem has no special address, but it can be used to address anyone reading this poem. The poet has used elements perceived by external and inward senses to help him transfer his message; this method can make an inseparable connection between the inside and the outside of global readers. By focusing on the literary role, Alavi Boroujerdi has actually neglected the connection between the linguistic and literary aspects and since the emphasis on the literary role is on the message, by using these literary works he wants to convince and delight the addresser.

A cultural landscape, as the common product of intentional interventions of man in nature, is considered one of the multifaceted assets in cultural maps. In urban studies, compiling a cultural map requires checking the sustainability of cultural landscapes; therefore, the problem of current research is to analyze the requirements and challenges of the sustainability of cultural landscapes in the compilation of the cultural map of city of Kashan. The research method was combined and conducted in two qualitative phases with a phenomenological and quantitative approach using a survey method. The sample research in the first phase included 15 experts selected in a purposeful way; the data collection tool included a semi-structured, in-depth interview; Colaizzi’s method was used to analyze the data and to measure the validity of the research data through the agreement coefficient and two coders. In the second phase, the statistical sample included 150 experts of tourism cultural heritage, urban section, and architecture and urban design section from Kashan who were selected through a Non-probability sampling. The tool of data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire taken from the first phase; face and content validity of which had been confirmed, and the reliability of which had been estimated at 0.7 with Cronbach alpha. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for the analysis of the data. The results showed that the requirements and challenges of sustainability of cultural landscapes included 5 categories: a technical and infrastructural one, the category of care and safety, management category, a socio-cultural one, and a natural one with 43 components. The results of the quantitative part showed that the factors of natural, infrastructural, cultural, and social elements have the highest coefficients respectively. According to experts’ average opinions, the cultural and social dimensions as well as the category of care and safety, respectively, have the higher priority in the sustainability of cultural landscapes in cultural maps.

A study of political participation of any society makes the political behavior of its people known while specifying not only the ways the political participation of citizens changes in different social contexts but also the factors influence it. This research tries to answer the following question: which spatial pattern does the relationship between political participation and political socialization as well as social capital follow in cities of Kashan, Aran and Bidgol? Considering the main indicators and components affecting political participation, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed among 870 citizens of these two cities. The independent variables in this research are political socialization and social capital, and the dependent variable is political participation. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics and SPSS software were used to analyze the data. The precision in the amount of high political participation among citizens indicates that as political socialization and social capital increase, the low political participation of citizens decreases while high participation of citizens illustrates an increasing trend and political sociability from 7.2 to 26.9 and social capital from 13.4% at the minimum to 23% at the maximum. The findings of research show that there is a meaningful and confirmed correlation between the variables of social capital and political participation, based on the Pearson correlation coefficient, (r=0.195 and sig=0.000) as well as between political socialization and political participation, based on the Pearson correlation coefficient (r=0.344 and sig=0.000). A comparative study of research findings regarding cities of Kashan as well as Aran and Bidgol depicts that the citizens of Aran and Bidgol have higher political participation.

The historical Bazaar of Kashan includes 11 mosques. These mosques along other buildings and places form the basic elements of Bazaar structure. Besides, these historical mosques play a significant role in the identity formation of the bazaar. Hence, shedding light on the given mosques, including their patterns, formation, and positions can provide accurate knowledge of the Bazaar and will be helpful. Like other historical elements in this city, these mosques have also undergone changes; that is, some parts have been destroyed, and others have been reconstructed. Regarding this background, the present study aims at figuring out the patterns, the assemblage of the principal elements, and the space of these mosques. In other words, the main objective is to identify and categorize these mosques inside the Bazaar of Kashan. In this respect, the following questions were addressed: what are the main spaces in these mosques? What changes and transformation have these mosques had undergone? How many types do they have in terms of spatial organization? Using a descriptive-historical method along with field surveys, the researcher has tried to compare the designs and compositions of these mosques. The surveys revealed that these mosques were mostly hypostyle ones; none had chambers and domes, while in the city of Kashan some grand mosques such as Jame Mosque, Mir-Emad Mosque, and Wazir Mosque included two key spaces, i.e., chambers and domes. This study also demonstrated that these mosques could be split into two types; that is, hypostyle mosques without and with courtyards. Furthermore, the hypostyle ones with courtyards could be put into two groups: those with courtyards and spatial identity and those in which courtyards had no special design or position, yet they contained open spaces without a shape or an identity.

Tourism has turned into one of the most significant and influential industries in the world economy. In addition to its effects on the macroeconomic environment, this industry through its development has had variety of positive and negative effects, one of which is concerned with citizens’ levels of happiness. The purpose of the current research is to evaluate tourism development and its effects on the happiness level of residents in the city of Kashan. The research method is descriptive-analytical. One-sample T-test and a structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data of the questionnaire. The results, obtained from the one-sample T-test, showed the significance of macroeconomic indicators, cultural dimension, social dimension, economic-social dimension, environmental dimension, and the quality of life on the happiness levels of the residents of Kashan. The results of a structural equation modeling displayed that among the measured indicators the social-economic index has the highest factor loading with a weight of 0.91. The cultural and environmental factors are ranked second with the same factor loadings of 0.86. The factors such as macroeconomics, the social dimension, the quality of life, and happiness index are ranked next with factor loadings of 0.71, 0.58, 0.84, and 0.63 respectively. After a more detailed analysis of the indicators, the creation of job and the earning of income, among positive effects of tourism, have led to the well-being and happiness of residents as well as the improvement of their appearance and authenticity.

Mirza Kouchak Khan Jangali underpinned the emergence of one of the most important post-constitutional movements in the North of Iran with the aim of bringing fundamental changes to Iranian political and social system. This movement in Gilan was affected by the conflict between Iranian internal forces and foreign neighbors and was eventually suppressed by the government of the time. During the Jungle Uprising, a rug was produced in Kashan. It is one of the few pictorial rugs, in which there is an ode introducing the emergence of a new political activist in Iran and described his activities in the region under his control; verse by verse, the poem has been placed around the picture in armband inscriptions and woven into three edges of the rug in Nastaliq script. To find the semantic implications of the studied object is the purpose of this research. The main question of this study tries to answer the semantic implications of the visual-lexical elements represented in this rug. The findings have identified the role of the words and the chain of verses woven in the three edges of the rug in introducing the picture at first when analyzing the meta-functions. It can also be concluded that the use of ode, as a descriptive and laudatory poem, and its epic theme has helped form the meaning that the weavers of rug had in mind when weaving it. The represented elements, at the level of participants in the image, often act as synecdoches in introducing the place, people, and their identities and activism.

In addition to a decorative role, the traditional (folk) arts of Iran have significant roles in the transmission of cultural tradition. In the meantime, carpets, as well-known Iranian underlay, manifest Iranian identity; however, their non-applicability has been less desired. Exploring the status of carpets in the ritual of Carpet Wshing (Qali Shouyan)in Mashhad Ardehal is the main aim of this article. In this research, an attempt is made to address the cultural function of carpets in a religious ceremony with Islamic Iranian roots. In the ritual of Qali Shouyan, the carpet is considered a symbol of a pure body and a holy coffin for Sultan Ali (a grandson of Prophet Mohammad). Thus, it has taken a significant distance from its role as anunderlay. As cultural elements and traditional products, carpets have physical agency in Kashan and provide a platform for the manifestation of meaning from an anthropological point of view. In other words, carpets are means of conveying meaning and play roles in documenting an identity. This research is qualitative, or to put it differently, developmental. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and the data are collected though library studies and the observation of relevant documents and images having taken a cultural, anthropological perspective. The questions posed in this study include: what results can be drawnfrom the cultural analysis of the carpet in Qali Shouyan Ritual? How are the functions and special role of the carpet, as a cultural element, explained? The findings showed that carpets, from an anthropological view, include different semantic, functional, and emotional dimensions in Qali Shouyan Ritual. On the other hand, the drawing of the outer (first), the middle (second), and the inner (third) semantic layers of the analysis of the cultural function of the carpet indicated the existence of variety of roles such as weaving, the figure of Prophet’s grandson, coffin, rain-seeking tool.