International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain prevention
Volume:8 Issue: 2, Spring 2023

Two articles published in this journal with the titles of "Conceptual Metaphors of Pain in Persian: A Cognitive Analysis. IJMPP 2021, 6(2):496-501.[1]" and "Understanding Cancer Patients' Lived Experience of Pain through Metaphors: A Qualitative Study. IJMPP 2022;7(3):759-764. [2]". In the first article; the author demonstrated the pain metaphors Persian speakers use for their sorts of pain and its mappings. But in the second-one , the author indicated that  dedicated pain mapping that cancer patients are involved with them cognitively and live with them. According to this, they investigated pain metaphors that play an important role between physician and patient. Although these types of metaphors guide diagnosis and treatment, but. in some cases, incorrect pain metaphors distort the diagnosis and the treatment will not be effective. Therefore, more research and investigation are needed in this new interdisciplinary field of study.

Transportation of patients in hospitals is one of the main reasons for the prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases among health care workers. Considering that the practical action of recognizing and evaluating the studies has been done, therefore the present study has been conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases and the determinants affecting the disorders in a systematic manner in Iran.

Method and Materials: 

In this systematic review, English databases of Web of Science, Scopus, Proquest, PubMed as well as databases Magiran, SID  in Iran, and also Google Scholar search engine in the period  Jan 1990 to Jan 2020  according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement were done. Study process was conducted from 28th September to the end of October.  Cochrane (adapted for evaluating interventional studies) and Strengthening the Reporting of Observation Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklists (adapted for evaluating cross-sectional studies) were used to evaluate the quality of the articles. To avoid bias in the study, the data were analyzed by two researchers entirely independently. Any disagreement between the researchers was examined by a third party.

Out of 93 articles, finally, 10 articles2 (interventional and 8 cross-sectional articles) entered the final list of studies. Thus, the final articles were performed on health system staff (nurse, nurse’s assistance, helper nurse’s assistance and service workers). In all studies, the prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases were highly reported among those responsible for transporting the patient.

Considering the high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among the medical staff, the interventions carried out in the field of teaching the correct method of patient transportation in Iran seem insufficient, so that there is a need for better planning and designing more practical interventions. Also, often enough tools and equipment are not available for easy transportation, which should be considered by hospital managers.

In the hospital, diabetic foot ulcer is the most common cause of hospitalization of diabetic patients and the most common cause of non-traumatic lower limb amputation, which leads to increased health costs. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between self-efficacy beliefs in foot care and physical self concept in people with diabetes.

Method and Materials: 

This study was descriptive-cross-sectional. Participants who were suffering from diabetes and referring to specialized Ahmadieh clinic of Torbat Hehdarieh of Khorasan province in Iran were assessed. They were selected through systematic random sampling method. Participants completed a self-report foot Care Self-efficacy (FCS) questionnaire. Data were analyses using SPSS 24.

There was a positive and relatively strong relationship between foot care self-efficacy and physical self-concept in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic foot ulcers (P<0.001) respectively. There was no relationship between foot care self-efficacy, body self-concept, except the duration of the disease and age, which had a negative and weak relationship with other variables (p>0.05).

  This study showed the non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients who have better  physical self-concept had  higher foot care self-efficacy.

These disorders are frequently cause inability that limits the performances and productivity of the suffered  people. This study aimed to explore how  Iranian low back pain suffered describe their disabilities.

Method and Materials: 

This research is a descriptive study by which the studied participants who suffered from low back pain described how they were disable to do their daily activities. To do this study, the written consent form   were signed by the participants if they were satisfied to be studied. Then these participant were provided with demographic and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Six sections of this questionnaire which were related to usual daily activities were completed by the participants. Completed data were entered into the SPSS and analyzed through descriptive statistics.

In this study 238 eligible participants including 159 female with mean age of (40.06±13.22) and 79 male with mean age of (35.56±16.12) be studied. According the finding of this study majority of the participants stated that they suffered from pain and due disability regarding daily activity such as lifting, walking, siting, standing,  and personal care.

This study showed the majority of Iranian participants suffered from disability for doing their daily activities due to their low back pain. Therefor, doing further researches to verify the results and designing proper intervention is strongly recommended.

This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on pain catastrophizing and resilience in Muscular - Skeletal (MS) patients.

Method and Materials: 

The method of the study was semi-experimental in nature with a pre-test-post-test design with control group. The studied population was all people with musculoskeletal pain in the first six months of 2022 in Tehran, Iran. According to this, 40 patients with skeletal-muscular pain were selected voluntarily and randomly placed in intervention and control groups (each group n=20). The Questionnaires included Sullivan et al.`s Pain Catastrophizing Pain (1995) and Connor and Davidson `s resilience (2003). The experimental group received eight 90-minute sessions of compassion-focused therapy, but the control group placed at waiting list. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance by SPSS-26.

The results indicated that the group of compassion-focused therapy significantly decreased components of pain catastrophizing (rumination, magnification, and helplessness) and increased resilience in women with MS (P<0.001).

The findings of this research emphasized the effectiveness of compassion- focused therapy on pain catastrophizing components and resilience in skeletal-muscular patients. Since who experienced many problems with skeletal-muscular pain, it is necessary to measure the improvement of mental and physical health.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the most prevalent health problems and one of the causes of occupational disability in administrative professions. This study aimed to describe the rate of skeletal disorders among Office Workers (OWs) in Khoi Health Center.

Method and Materials: 

In this descriptive study using convenience sampling, 100 OWs patients were selected from the Khoi Health Center under the supervision of the Khoi Faculty member of Medical Sciences. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire in which questions were related to various MSDs, The Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale and Roland – Morris Disability Questionnaire were raised. Data were  entered into SPSS 19 software and analyzed using descriptive analysis.

In total, 100 OWs participated in the study and answered the questions (100% response rate). Back pain and neck pain were the most common complaint areas of the participants, respectively (83%). Twenty participants (20%) of OWs stated that they did not pursue any pain treatment or pain management. Also, the majority of participants (N=100, 100%) believed that they have pain in different parts of the body. However, 85 participants (85%) stated that they frequently change their position to keep their back comfortable. However, the mean expression of pain by the participants was moderate, and 85 participants (85%) stated that they had difficulty sitting in a chair for several hours.

This study showed that most of the studied OWs suffered from some kind of chronic skeletal disorders without any treatment/pain management. Therefore, it is highly recommended to conduct further studies to confirm these results in this special target group who work in the Khoi health center and investigate the causes of pain.