نشریه تحقیقات اسنادی انقلاب اسلامی
پیاپی 8 (پاییز و زمستان 1401)

The uprising of Lor tribes and some of the nomads of Lorestan, Fars, led by Ayatollah Ayatollahi, is considered one of the most unique events in the early history of the Islamic Revolution movement. Ayatollah Ayatollahi in Larestan led the uprising of Lor and Nafar tribesmen and after receiving the message of Ayatollah Khomeini who had declared the uprising against the oppression of the oppressor as obligatory, he decided to unite the tribes of Fars against the state. Therefore, this research seeks to answer these questions, what factors provided the basis for the formation of the uprising of the tribes of Lor and Nafar on 15 Khordad 1342 (5 June, 1963)? And what were the consequences of this uprising? The findings of the research indicate that Ayatollah Khomeini's fatwa and sending it to the scholars of the cities provided the basis for the uprising against the Pahlavi government. However, this uprising failed due to the lack of coordination and necessary preparation of the tribes of Larestan and caused severe repression of the tribes of Lor and Nafar, their forced resettlement, and the weakening of the economic and cultural structure of the people of Larestan. The method of the research is descriptive-analytical, which has been used first-hand historical sources and documents, especially oral history.

In the second Pahlavi period, in order to keep the opposition away due to their activities, the ruling body reacted against their actions and behavior, and for this reason, the Third General Directarate of Savak used various means such as putting them under control, banning the pulpit, arresting and detaining and deporting the opposition. Parviz Sabeti, director general of the third department of SAVAK, which was one of the important departments of the country's intelligence and security organization during the second Pahlavi period, and its main task was to maintain and ensure internal security. He used exile as a method of punishment to deal with opponents. The purpose of the article is to describe and analyze the exile of opponents in the second Pahlavi period. The article seeks to answer the question of what was the purpose of exile in the second Pahlavi period. The findings of the research show that the control of exiles, distance from the center, different exile areas, group exile and economic pressures are indicators of exile in this period. This research uses the archival documents and library resources.

Abbas Qarabaghi was considered one of the most important military figures of the second Pahlavi era, who in the years leading to the victory of the Islamic Revolution was able to be appointed to influential positions while obtaining high military ranks. He was the commander of the anti-aircraft machine gun company in September 1941, responsible for the formation of the royal guard in the same year, the deputy of the War University in 1962, the commander of the Imperial Guard and the chief of staff of the army in 1968, and then appointed as the successor of the command of the army in 1972. The current research seeks to answer the question, how did the Qarabaghi General face the social and political events of the period leading to the victory of the Islamic Revolution during the Gendarmerie command? The findings -of the research show that he became the commander of the Gendarmerie of the country by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to control and suppress the revolutionaries and also to dominate the country's security environment. During the four years and four months of his responsibility, Qarabaghi emerged after suppressing the opponents of the Pahlavi regime, but the result of his harsh intelligence policies, such as the establishment of military rule in various cities of the country, led to the occurrence of important events such as the events of the month of Ramadan 1978 and finally the climax of the Islamic Revolution. In this research, with a descriptive-analytical approach and relying on library sources and documents, the performance of Qarabaghi during the command of the Gendarmerie of the whole country will be discussed.

Iran's Islamic Revolution created a fundamental change in Islamic movements, against dictatorial regimes. The country of Iraq was quickly affected by the Islamic Revolution due to its neighborhood and the active and powerful presence of Shiites, among which the role of prominent Shiite families such as Sadr and Hakim is noteworthy. Based on this, in this research, we seek to analyze the relationship between Ayatollah Mohammad Baqer Sadr and Imam Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution of Iran, after which, what effect did these relationships have on the activities of Hizb al-Dawah al-Islamiya and the political-social atmosphere of Iraq. The findings of the research, which is based on library studies and with a descriptive-analytical approach, show that Ayatollah Sadr established his relationship with Imam Khomeini since his exile to Iraq, and the political correspondence between them indicates strong relations. In the following, Ayatollah Sadr's inspiration from the Islamic Revolution of Iran and his efforts to fight against the Baath regime in Iraq eventually led to a serious conflict with his sovereignty and martyrdom. But it exposed the illegitimacy of Saddam's government and caused the rise of Shiite movements against the government of that time.

Ayatollah Seyed Mohammad Hosseini Beheshti was one of the leading figures in the years of the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the establishment of the Islamic Republic. He played a role and expressed political positions in many important events and developments of that era. Among the important events of Ayatollah Beheshti's life were the formation of the Assembly of Constitutional Law Experts and the capture of the spy nest (USA Embassy) in 1980. The present research is based on a descriptive-analytical approach and relies on library sources to analyze his political positions in relation to these important issues. The findings of the research show that Ayatollah Beheshti, while trying to form the Assembly of Constitutional Law Experts, as the vice president in approving some of the principles of important constitutional laws, such as the "principle of leadership and jurisprudence", explained and clarified its various aspects and prepared the ground for its approval. Also, during the capture of the spy nest, while confirming this action, he introduced it in line with the Islamic identity of the revolution and its independence from the colonial powers. He was also present in the negotiating team with the then Secretary General of the United Nations and explained the positions of the Islamic Republic of Iran with clarity and tact.

Social institutions in the contemporary history of Iran have been centered on the institution of religion and led by the clergy and seminaries; Historical evidences in this era show the numerous social actions of Shia scholars and their extraordinary influence among the masses of people. The lack of necessary platforms to achieve security and social rights and the relative growth of people's awareness caused them to use religious holy places as centers of litigation many times during the period in question; In this regard, the sit-in in Goharshad Mosque in July 1935 with the request and support of the people and the social influence of Khorasan scholars, who were the elites of their era, has a special significance.This research was conducted using the historical research method and in a descriptive-analytical way and tried to investigate the event of Goharshad Mosque from the perspective of influence and social power of scholars. The findings of the present research show that with the implementation of the pseudo-modernist programs of the first Pahlavi, not only some religious beliefs and rituals were threatened and changed, but also many of the social duties of the clergy and the livelihood of certain classes of the bazaars were reduced, so they repeatedly referred to the clergies. According to the pioneering theory of Pareto's elites, the scholars of Khorasan as the elites of the contemporary Iranian society, led the masses of people in the Goharshad Mosque. The people relied on the scholars, their intellectual leaders to talk to the government; But the result of this cultural protest was an action far from the thought-oriented discourse, the massacre of a number of people and the exile of a number of Khorasan and Bazarian scholars.

In the cities of Sari and Babol, which are considered to be the most focal revolutionary cities of Mazandaran, the role of teachers and students in the emergence, inspiration and leadership of revolutionary developments is outstanding and worthy of attention. In these two cities, these groups were placed in the position of the reference group, pioneer and instigator of other classes and played a pivotal role. Based on this, it is very important to study the intellectual background and communication network formed among teacher and student groups in the process of Islamic revolution. The question is how the revolutionary messages were accepted among the cultural and student groups and spread and expanded in the next stages. What methods were used to spread revolutionary messages and how did it bring the revolutionary masses with them? Based on hoggett Strand's diffusion theory, this hypothesis is confirmed that the platform that was created in the minds and thoughts of the cultural and student society in the 1960s provided a suitable area for accepting revolutionary messages, and in the 1970s, with the spread of revolutionary messages, it became a driving engine. To expand the revolutionary movement and spread it in the form of a snowball and then it became a huge avalanche and took the revolutionary population with it. In this research, we have used the data gathering method of library and document study as well as interviews with revolutionary actors, and by formulating the process of expanding the revolutionary force of teachers and students based on the diffusion theory, we have represented the essential role of these groups in the revolutionary process.

One of the prominent aspects of the Islamic revolution has been the role-playing and presence of religious forces in the development and formation of all stages of struggles and developments aimed at the victory of the Islamic Revolution. Kermanshah has always been one of the most important centers of activity of religious movements. Although the history and geographical and social environment of Kermanshah has been a platform for various activities of revolutionary currents such as different and plural strata within itself, such as various social forces, including tribunal, religious, urban, nomadic and rural groups, and traditional strata of merchants and traders, scholars, artisans and marketers and new classes and forces such as educators and teachers, workers and soldiers were all active in the cities and were able to find a favorable ground for their demands in the context of the developments of the Islamic Revolution; But the clerics had the role of the social forces. Among the clerics, some immigrant (non-native) clerics who resided in Kermanshah or were temporarily invited played an effective role in the development of militant and revolutionary thinking by participating in religious circles. This research is descriptive-analytical and relying on historical sources, shows that immigrant clerics and Missionaries played a major role in the revolution struggles of Kermanshah people.

The dismissal of Timur Bakhtiar from the head of SAVAK and then the announcement of his retirement from the army caused many challenges and troubles for the Shah's regime. Timur, who before that was in various positions, was among the loyalties to the court and close and trusted people of the Shah, was removed from power in the last years of the 1960s due to the suspicion of the Shah and disagreement between them. The purpose of this article is to examine one of the important reasons for Bakhtiar's dismissal, namely his contacts with the Bakhtiari tribes, his numerous trips to Chaharmahal and Isfahan, as well as the actions of the Pahlavi II government to deal with the political-security challenges caused by Timur Bakhtiar's removal from the position. Investigating the causes and methods of Bakhtiar's removal and the subsequent emergence of challenges in the country, as well as the regime's solutions to end this challenge, is the main issue of the current research. The method of data collection in this research is documentary-historical and of the method analytical-descriptive. The results of this research show Timur's relationship with the people of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari on the one hand and the Pahlavi II government's use of a wide and diverse range of information and security methods and political and cultural measures on the other hand to end this challenge, which is finally resulted in Bakhtiar's murder.

Examining the factors of the rise and spread of the Islamic revolution in the cities of Iran and the tendency of the people towards the Islamic movement of Imam Khomeini can explain the popular theories of the revolution, especially the structuralist theory, which was widely accepted by thinkers in the seventies of the 20th century, and on the role of society's structures and its control over agents. The structuralist theory emphasized and did not consider any role for the will of people in creating the revolution, discrediting it. Therefore, in this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the role of agency factors and some structural factors in two important cities of Isfahan province, Nain and Natanz, in creating a revolutionary movement in these cities. The research method is descriptive-analytical based on documents, interviews with narrators of the revolution in these two cities, as well as other historical data. According to the results of the research, the deportation of a large number of revolutionary activists from Qom and Tehran to Nain and Anark was effective in familiarizing them with the principles of the revolution and Imam Khomeini and their revolutionary uprising. Also, in Natanz, due to its proximity to Qom and Tehran as the main bases of the revolution, the heralds and messengers of Imam Khomeini's movement were able to be present in that city and deliver the message of the revolution to the people of the region.

This research intends to use the combined research method to look at the pattern of “Besmellah" (in the name of Allah) as one of the Qur'anic phrases and to answer the question that basically “Is it possible to imagine a model for quoting this phrase in the minutes of the 24th sessions of the National Assembly (Parliament)?” In the first stage, a quantitative method was used, with the statistical method in the software environment SPSS25 and we analyzed quantitative data. Quantitative results show that: from the first to the sixth parliament, there were thirty- four cases (6.9 percent), from the seventh to the twelfth, eighteen cases (3.6 percent), from the thirteenth to the eighteenth, three hundred and twenty cases (8.8 percent) and the 19th to 24th Majlis in the number of 122 cases (24.7 percent), the Quranic phrase “Besmellah” is used . In the second step, we explained these data with a qualitative method and obtained the following results. The most citation of the “Besmellah” was in the 13th to 18th Majlis, which included the period of political openness from Reza Shah's exile to 1956 and the lowest between 1926 and 1941, i.e. the period of Reza Shah's autocratic rule. In other words, the pattern of citation of this phrase in the minutes of the National Assembly was such that during periods of political openness, the number of citations and people quoting was more than the period of dictatorship.

The last plan approved by Pahlavi II was the fifth development plan, which was approved with the fewest articles and notes (nine articles and two notes) in 1973. The fifth plan was the first plan that was revised after a short period of approval due to the increase in oil prices. The first chapter of this program specified the goals and main lines, and the other chapters dealt with economic affairs, regional development, environment, energy and transportation. During the implementation of the fifth plan, the increase in oil prices and the consequent increase in oil revenues provided the government with a lot of liquidity, which disrupted the economic structure. The increase in liquidity caused an increase in domestic demand. The inability of the country's economy to respond to the increase in demand, which was caused by the creation of money for the government, also increased the price of imported products and goods, and led the country's economy to the process of inflationary stagnation. Therefore, spending financial resources leads to the loss of resources. Considering the effect of these plans on the modernization process that is not proportionate to the society, which can be considered as one of the causes of the Islamic revolution and the end of the Pahlavi dynasty, the present study, with a descriptive-analytical approach, tries to reread the fifth construction plan based on documents.