نشریه عمران و پروژه
سال چهارم شماره 12 (پیاپی 46، اسفند 1401)

r, it is vital for preserving water resource in each area. In the meantime, Iran has been in a state of inaccurate crisis due to the excessive withdrawal of water resources. Therefore, it is important to maintain water resources. And, the traditional methods of water transfer (using open channels and ...) are replaced by new methods such as the use of a water supply pipe. These methods, in addition to cost, have many technical benefits. Including increased transmission efficiency, reduced water waste, as well as saving passive defense principles.Meanwhile, the use of GRP pipes, in the last 40 years, has led to a dramatic increase. Although the life period of these pipes in the our country will reach 53 years, the efficiency of these engineering pipes has become more and more enriched, reaching its true position in the country.Due to the great efforts of the responsible and informed management of some manufacturers of these products in the country, the optimal use of this type of pipes is increasing. In this regard, Farassan Co., as the flagship of this industry, has made endless efforts to update and improve the quality of pipes, and has made significant progress. One of the most important points in the use of GRP pipes in comparison with other pipes is the lack of knowledge and awareness of some customers about these pipes and products, which is always a concern for employers and consultants. In this paper, in addition to the proper introduction of GRP Pipes and their use in comparison with other PIPES, it has been tried to discuss the control and monitoring the of the Water hammer in these types of products. In this regard, in the case of a water pipe line project from Azadi dam to the plain of Hor as one of the most important projects of water transportation in Iran, is briefly introduced and analyzed according to the details. Finally, a briefly studying about control and effect of the hammer phenomenon on the GRP pipes in special project is perfectly discussed.

Buildings can be affected by special loads such as earthquakes, storms, fires or explosions, that each one can cause the destruction of the structure. In some cases, the structures may be affected by these loads Simultaneously, but there are not also any regulations in existing codes in this regard. Since many buildings have suffered small or large fires in the recent years in Iran, and on the other hand, Iran is located in a high risk zone of earthquakes, it is needed to control the seismic performance of the building after the fire experience can be considered as an important issue. In this regard, the studies have conducted so far have mostly focused on moment resisting frame structures, so in this paper, using ABAQUS software, the seismic behavior of steel braced frames structural system have been investigated. The results of the pushover analysis show that the ultimate strength and ductility capacity of the steel braced frames after fire can be significantly reduced, which is aggravated by increasing the number of floors.

Accidents in Iran pose a significant public health burden, requiring effective prevention and management strategies. Latent variable modelling provides a promising approach to understanding the complex factors that contribute to accidents in Iran. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge of latent variable modelling in Iran's accidents. The paper provides a synthesis of the literature on the measurement and modelling of latent variables in accidents, including human factors, environmental factors, and organizational factors, and also reviews the common statistical techniques used in the analysis of latent variables, such as structural equation modelling, latent class analysis, and factor analysis. The strengths and limitations of these approaches are discussed. The review shows that although some studies have applied latent variable modelling to accidents in Iran, the use of these techniques is still relatively limited in comparison to other countries. Overall, It has been argued that latent variable modelling can offer valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of accidents in Iran and guide more effective strategies for prevention and management. This study used data from accidents resulting in the death or injury of passengers gathered on Iranian roadways in 2015, and the latent class model was fitted to this data using the NLOGIT6 software. And the findings have been reported in this article. The findings suggest that elements such as the season and day of the accident, as well as weather conditions, have an impact on the severity of accidents.

Quarantine and restrictions imposed on construction industries following the Covid-19 outbreak postponed construction, leading to a capital recession of engineers and occupational stress. As leaders of construction projects, engineers should be able to choose a leadership style that facilitates occupational stress management. The current descriptive study was conducted on 312 construction project engineers in Mashhad in 2022 using a simple random sampling method. The Blake and Mouton Managerial Grid. Leadership Self-Assessment Questionnaire and Schwepker and Dimitrov's job stress questionnaire (2021) were research tools. Questionnaires were prepared using the “Avalform” website, and the link to the questionnaire was sent to the engineers. The results showed participative, autocratic, conservative, and Impoverished leadership styles were the most frequently used among civil engineers, respectively. The mean score of job stress was higher in the group with autocratic leadership style than in other groups (21.23 ± 5.58), followed by participative (19.76 ± 8.01) and conservative (19.07 ± 6.82) leadership styles. Given that civil engineers most frequently used the participative leadership style, and this group experienced high job stress, future studies should focus on teaching job stress management strategies.