International Journal of Business Management and Entrepreneurship
Volume:2 Issue: 4, Summer 2023

Optimization problems are problems that should identify the best solution to fulfill the constraints and max/min of the objective function. In general, metaheuristic algorithms, a community of natureinspired approaches with specialized stochastic operators, have developed to address these difficult challenges. The development of computing technology indirectly encourages the development of several new algorithms. There has been a significant increase from the discovery of new metaheuristic methods in recent years to get better optimizations for non-linear and complex problems. Metaheuristic algorithm has the characteristics of a simple and optimal approach. In addition, metaheuristic algorithms are also durable and self-organized. Metaheuristic algorithms are computational intelligence paradigms especially used for sophisticated solving optimization problems. This paper proposes a novel swarm intelligence-based metaheuristic called as sea-horse optimizer (SHO), which is inspired by the movement, predation and breeding behaviors of sea horses in nature. The SHO is a method that duplicates the life of a Sea Horse in the ocean when it moves, looks for prey and breeds.

Over the past few years, we have witnessed intensive fluctuations and changes in our exchange market, which have deeply affected different economic foundations of our country. Following these fluctuations, capital markets have also changed profoundly, and they have had occasional interactions with exchange markets. The purpose of this research is to investigate how and to what extent these markets are connected and what are their interactions. In this research, aside from the effects of temporal factors in each market, the concurrent relationships between capital and exchange markets and their interactive effects were also examined. The data used for this research was gathered from an eleven-year period between Mar. 2008 and Feb. 2019, and has been checked on a monthly basis. Two multivariate regression models were analyzed by Eviews10 program. The outcome of the analysis of regression models using ARMA method, in accordance with first, second and third hypotheses, showed that previous-period fluctuations of the capital market have a meaningful, negative correlation with future fluctuations of this market, and as the fluctuations in the previous period increase, the future fluctuations decrease, but the fluctuations of exchange market don’t cause a con-current effect on capital market fluctuations. The results of the fourth, fifth and sixth hypotheses show that the fluctuations in the previous period of the exchange market have a positive and meaningful effect on the future fluctuations of this market, and as the fluctuations increase in the previous period, the future fluctuations also increase. Also, the previous period fluctuations of the exchange market have a positive, meaningful and interactive effect on the capital market and exchange market fluctuations, but in return, the fluctuations in the capital market do not cause a concurrent turmoil in the exchange market.

An increase in the prices level has relatively large negative consequences for the economy. When the salary of the labors force does not match the inflation rate of the retail prices, the purchasing power of the labor force will decrease, in addition, as the prices of goods continues to increase, the demand of the labors force for an increase in wages will lead to an increase in the cost of labors and as a result to a decrease in the earned profit which is carried out by economic enterprises and businesses. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to consider of the negative impact of economic inflation on the growth and development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Iran has been investigated. The research is applied research and the method of data collection is descriptive.

The statistical data was collected using a self-made professional questionnaire and the collected data was processed by SPSS software and used for analysis and conclusions. Iran is the city of Tehran. The statistical sample in this study includes 384 people who were selected based on the Krejcie & Morgan table. Regression model was used to analyze the statistical data in this research.

The results obtained by analyzing the data from the software clearly show that high economic inflation has had a negative impact on the growth and development of small and medium-sized companies.

The banking system transparency increases the level of competitiveness among banks and will increase power of the market in magnetizing the dispersed capitals in the long run. Dispersed capitals will be absorbed into the country's banking system when the quality of disclosure and transparency of the banking system is up to predetermined desirable standards. The research method is correlational in terms of nature and content, but in terms of applied purpose it is considered to be descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population of this research is all OTC (over the counter) banks and the Tehran Stock Exchange over the years 2014 to 2021. Out of the banks in the statistical population, 16 banks have been selected as sample banks. According to the results of the research, the first hypothesis of the research is confirmed, that is, there is a negative (inverse) and significant relationship between financial transparency and bank interest margin. The second hypothesis of the research is rejected, that is, the relationship between financial sectors’ transparency and bank interest margin are not affected by institutional quality.

One of the needs of customers in financial and credit institutions is the use of bank loans, and banks have a score calculation table for loan payments according to customers' deposits. The main goal of this research is to provide a practical and optimal model for calculating facility scores.

attracting deposits and paying bank loans in financial and credit institutions are different according to their statutes, the priority of some of them is to earn profit and the priority of specialized banks is to attract resources to pay loans in their specialized field of activity. By obtaining the required parameters, this research calculates the loan score for depositors in line with the variety of policies. At the same time, the basis of the work is based on mathematical calculations.

Providing a mathematical model for decision makers in the financial field, with the ability to support a variety of strategies, is the main finding of this research.

First, a basic formula for balancing loans with deposits has been presented. In the second step, the formula has been developed in such a way that the balance is established after deducting a coefficient from the deposit, and finally, the calculation formula has been developed for the addition of bank interest to the financial process. At the end of the article, the formulas are confirmed.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of e-customer relationship management (eCRM) and digital innovation on the strategic competitive performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Guilan province. The statistical population of the research included all employees of small and medium-sized enterprises in Guilan province, based on Morgan's table, 384 questionnaires were distributed among the statistical population as a sample. The data collected by questionnaires was analysed by SPSS24 and AMOS24 software using structural equation modelling (SEM). The results of research showed that e-customer relationship management has a positive and significant effect on strategic competitive performance. Digital innovation has a positive and significant impact on strategic competitive performance. Finally, the results showed that digital innovation plays a mediating role in the relationship between eCRM and strategic competitive performance.