نشریه مطالعات زبان فارسی
پیاپی 12 (زمستان 1401)

The purpose of this article is to examine Elixir's humor with the great classical and contemporary poets of the Persian language, which flows in his satires. For this purpose, the satirical poetics of the collection of Akbar Aksir's poems, which correspond to the most important theories of humor such as "superiority", "contradiction" and "psychoanalysis", have been investigated and analyzed in a descriptive-analytical way. The result of the research showed that he successfully created Irony and used humorous techniques, with tools such as puns, allusions and inconsistent and contradictory words, similes and extreme exaggeration, presents his critical thoughts and some constructive and social views

The influence of the Shahnameh on the Iranian mentality has different dimensions, one aspect of which is the influence on the naming of Iranians on their children. Since Shahnameh has not been paid attention to in the studies of Shahnameh from the perspective of the history of mentalities in the formation of the spirit of different eras, the examination and analysis of its manifestations can open a new horizon in the studies of Shahnameh. In this research, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical way, from the point of view of the history of mentalities (popular mentality), the influence of the Shahnameh on the naming of nobles in the Ghaznavid and Seljuk eras has been investigated in order to reveal a manifestation of this influence on the popular mentality and spirit of the Ghaznavid and Seljuk eras. The findings show that after a period of time has passed since the presence of these rulers in Iran, the names they choose for their children become Iranian-Shahnameh, And this approach is the result of the influence of the Shahnameh on the behavior of nobles through the channel of popular ideas and popular mentality, which created a special spirit of the time in accordance with the Iranian trends - the Shahnameh in the intellectual atmosphere of the society.

Throughout history, literature is like a mirror that has reflected nature to the audience, and for this reason, there is a deep connection between the two, which results in the integration of one into the other; Because literature reflects the natural needs of humanity in dealing with its environment. The present research aims to examine the appreciation of nature and how to deal with nature in Sohrab Sepehri's "The Sound of Water's Footsteps" and "Tintern Monastery" by William Wordsworth. For this purpose, the poems of both poetry collections have been used, and the research results show that the opinions, love and pleasures of both poets have a close relationship with nature, which revolves around humanity, God, nature and justice. It seems that both poets consider nature as the main source of peace and connected to the source of light. But the important point is that Sepehri's naturalism in "The Sound of Water's Footsteps" is based on self-improvement and improvement within a person, and in Wordsworth's "Tintern Monastery" it is based on the search for the source of power and light. The method used in this research is library and analytically-descriptive as part of comparative research; Accordingly, the main focus of this essay is not direct influence; Rather, it is based on the subject of naturalism, which is one of the important methods of romantic poets.

The morpheme "that", which has a lot of flexibility and semantic and syntactic diversity in the construction of the Persian language, has apparently not been investigated in any writing or research work from the perspective of a comprehensive theory of linguistics. The present research has tried to investigate the use of this morpheme in simple clauses of Persian language from the point of view of linguistic role-oriented grammar. In this thesis, morphemes have been investigated from the point of view of the role they play in the sentence structure as a message (transtextual role) and as interaction and exchange (interpersonal role), in the sample of linguistic contexts with a descriptive analytical method. The findings indicate that this morpheme plays the role of the initiator in the linguistic unit of the clause and makes the initiator semantically compressed and ready to transmit and advance the flow of the message. Also, from the perspective of transpersonal role, it highlights the attitude of the speaker towards himself and the audience and the type of relationships formed between them. The findings of the research can draw the attention of researchers to the application of new grammar approaches, including Halidi's systematic role-oriented grammar, to the pristine and wonderful capabilities of the Persian language.

Volume poetry, as one of the types of new poetry - which is mostly known by the writing style of Yadullah Royai - is one of the most ambiguous types of contemporary poetry for which different and sometimes contradictory definitions have been presented. In this research, by using library resources and analytical-descriptive approach, it has been tried to examine some structural aspects of poetry - which have been given less attention; among these cases, the quality of superstructure and deep structure of this type of poetry is based on examining the function of the axis of companionship and the axis of succession in it. A careful examination of this kind of poetry, focusing on dream poetry, reveals to us that volume poetry, unlike some post-modern poetic trends, does not seek to avoid meaning and commitment; rather, it takes solutions that in practice lead to dialogue avoidance. In such an approach, the poet tries to move his audience from the space of reality to the meta-reality by mixing up conventional criteria such as the axis of companionship and the axis of substitution - which carry the message and content in the everyday reality of life. This meta-reality is the same reality that is not affected by dominant discourses and the reader can conjure up a pristine and deep content in his mind; Content that is not mixed with the unpleasant necessities of everyday reality and the reader can create and understand it in the form of poetry with his artistic attitude.

Addition, the documents of one noun to another noun or one sentence to another sentence are said for purposes such as definition, praise, reduction, and various explanations that require the addition word. In addition, the second noun is the complement of the first noun, and its type and function are determined based on the need of the first word, and in Persian language, it is called "complement". Addition has very important functions in language; in a way that is very effective in understanding the meaning. This research has investigated the types of additional compounds in Arabic and Persian by analytical-descriptive method and has come to the conclusion that additional compounds in both languages, with all the differences in terms of definition and examples, have a commonality and similar function in many aspects. Also, this research made it clear that in some cases of theoretical topics, addition in Persian has been influenced by Arabic language.

The theory of narrative rhetoric is one of the important opinions of Gerard Genette, a prominent French narratologist. This principle can help us to know the strengths and weaknesses of a story. The meaning of narrative rhetoric in Genette's thought is not what we commonly know about rhetoric; Rather, Genette believes that if the way of narrating a story is such that all the arrangements in it are ultimately coherent and help to advance the plot of the story appropriately, then we are dealing with a rhetorical narrative. Of course, Genette also mentioned examples for this type of narration, examples such as unexpected association, dramatization of tone and implicit color, all of which, along with other examples that were mentioned before Genette, such as time and characterization, create the structure of a story. In this article, according to this theory, the prominent works of Zoya Pirzad, a prominent contemporary writer, are examined. The research method is analytical-adaptive. One of the most important findings of this article is that Pirzad has managed to create the element of suspense and desire to continue reading in the reader by using measures such as implicit color and creating a dramatic tone