فصلنامه شهر پایدار
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 19، پاییز 1401)

One of the basic principles of livability is creating a habitable and safe complex for citizens, which places the possibility of access to suitable housing at the first level of the concept of livability. Housing is considered one of the main spaces of the urban system, whose livability is aligned with urban livability. The aim of the research is to compile a suitable model of housing for urban neighborhoods of the metropolis. Its dimensions, factors and elements should be a guide to reach this pattern. The difference between the present study and other livability studies is in paying special attention to housing from the aspect of livability and also providing a worthy model in this field. The statistical population of the research is Karaj metropolis and other metropolises with the ability to generalize the results. The source of the investigated data is the variables extracted from the studies using the content analysis method, the Delphi method, and a survey of experts. The variables are in the form of 5 dimensions, 24 indicators and 75 sub-indices. The number of indicators examined in this research shows the highest number of indicators that has been done so far in this field. The analysis of the data has been done using the forecasting process and the interaction analysis model in the MICMAC software. Among the advantages of this method, we can point out the possibility of presenting the exact position and effects of the components in the proposed model, which also provides the possibility of drawing the schematic of the model. Brings. The findings indicate that the livable housing model is a combination of elements in 5 dimensions and at the micro level, which consists of three levels of impact (high, medium, low). Each of the levels in the model includes elements and sub-indices that can solve many problems in the housing sector.

The more the urban open space, as a container of urban interactions, provide more suitable conditions for the establishment of effective social relations among its members, the greater the possibility for social growth and the establishment of social trust for the residents of that society. This research was conducted to analyze and explain the effect of urban open spaces on interactions and social trust in the Yousefabad neighborhood of Tehran. The present research method is descriptive-analytical and factor analysis is used as a tool to measure the significance of indicators. In the first stage, interviews with experts were conducted using the snowball method and continued until reaching theoretical saturation with 10 experts. Then, to find key concepts using the content analysis method, open and axial coding was done. In two Delphi rounds, the experts answered the researcher's questionnaire. The results obtained from the questionnaire were subjected to the Q factor analysis and four classifications were obtained from it, which provided the basis for compiling the objective-content table for setting up the questionnaire of space users. In the second step, according to Klein's formula, based on the number of questions in the users' questionnaire, the sample size was calculated to be around 190 people. Space users were questioned using random and cluster sampling and data were evaluated in SPSS version 22 software using R factor analysis. The findings and results of the research show that the eight identified factors include; Sociability, spatial diversity, physical and climatic comfort, the relationship of interaction and social trust with providing environmental needs, recognizability, pedestrian accessibility, spatial flexibility, and psychological comfort with the formation of a cycle influence social trust

The process of city development strategy (CDS) was proposed as a content-procedural theory and as a new approach in urban planning by the cities coalition organization to reduce poverty, sustainable development, and promoting participation, and create urban governance. In the urban management system of developing countries, including Iran, several challenges are observed, because the main approach in urban management and planning relies on a comprehensive plan, which is a result of traditional planning that emphasizes development, patterns, and structure. Therefore, adopting strategic structural approaches in the form of a city development strategy seems to be effective to overcome the challenges. The purpose of this research is to analyze and identify the main drivers of city development strategyprograms to achieve the goals of such programs. In this regard, the method of future research has been used in the form of a mix-and-match analysis. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The statistical population of this research is the Delphi group, which was selected from a total of 30 people. Opinion polling in connection with the identification of indicators and determination of key drivers was done in person and also through the capacity of virtual space. The indicators affecting the city's development strategy were investigated in four dimensions economic, environmental-physical, institutional-political, and social-cultural development. The results of the research showed that urban competitiveness, urban branding, government effectiveness, access to public services, and strategic planning will have the greatest impact on the process of city development strategy, which should be considered by urban planners and managers.

Third places, with the help of their characteristics, create stability and increase resilience in cities. They have a high support capability in times of crisis and are effective in the social stability of the society. When the emerging crisis disrupts the support role of the third place, the potential for public assistance and unity in the face of the crisis is reduced. The outbreak of the Covid-19 virus is an example of this crisis, which can weaken social stability due to the mandatory restrictions that come with it, in addition to the health problems imposed on society. Cafes are a concrete example of third places that, with the aim of the pathology of the covid-19 pandemic on social stability formed by them, in the present study, the effect of five components of weakening the economy, fear of disease, decreasing social interactions, decreasing the sense of place and decreasing accessibility on the weakening of stability was investigated. Social security was paid due to covid-19. The research method is descriptive-analytical and correlational. The questionnaire was designed in the Likert scale and AMOSE software and structural equation analysis method were used for data analysis. The number of usable samples according to Cochran's formula and Morgan's table is 392 samples. The results of the research showed that the fear of disease with 99% confidence with a standardized coefficient of 0.468% has the greatest effect on reducing social stability. Also, the two components of decreasing social interactions and decreasing accessibility with 95% confidence, respectively, with standard coefficients of 0.160 and 0.056%, after the component of fear of disease, have the greatest direct effect in weakening the social stability formed by cafes in Tabriz city. have. The effect of the components of the sense of place with a coefficient of -0.236 due to the effect on the fear of disease and the economy with an effective coefficient of 0.067 on the social stability formed in cafes is indirect.

As previous studies have shown, despite the breadth and variety of criteria explaining sustainability, the factors affecting its realization are generally neglected and especially in the field of public transportation systems and future studies, there are theoretical gaps. Therefore, in the present study, the future of the public transportation system of Tehran metropolis was explained and modeled as a study sample for the year 2031. The data used included environmental survey variables and interviews with experts. To analyze the data, the structural analysis method based on Micmac software and the scenario analysis method with Scenario Wizard software were used. The results showed that the public transportation system of Tehran metropolis is a very vulnerable and fragile system and due to the high interaction of the system factors, with the smallest change in the key drivers, other variables of the system also undergo serious changes and make it more and more distant from the stability components. they say Based on the identification of eight key drivers and three predetermined factors, a total of 11 scenarios were identified, including two improbable scenarios, three incompatible scenarios, one scenario with a weak probability of occurrence, two scenarios with a medium probability of occurrence, and three scenarios with a strong probability of occurrence. Finally, it was concluded that in the next 10 years, Tehran will face a more individualistic and aging social structure, a fragile environmental structure with high pollution and possibly an unstable economic structure. Such a city needs a type of public transportation system that can meet the demands of all groups and citizens at a low cost and is accessible with inclusive features

Cities to expand on their peripheral surroundings, regardless of the various physical, environmental, social and economic impacts. development is one of the new strategies to counter the physical development of cities. The main purpose of this strategy is to recapture lost or destroyed urban spaces. The type of research is applied -Practical and its method is analytical. Shannon and Holdern's entropy coefficient method to analyze the data and information for measuring the sprawl of the city, the nearest index for the model of infill development capacity distribution and the Vikor model for ranking the urban areas according to the studied land uses was used. According to the Shannon entropy coefficient calculations, the value of ln (n) is obtained at 1.38, which indicates that urban sprawl and physical development are sparse compared with the urban entropy coefficient of 1.37. Holderen's results also show that about 90 per cent of the city's growth was due to population growth, and only 0.09 per cent was to the city's horizontal and spiral growth. A comparative study of the proposed area and the urban area surveyed reveal that approximately 917 hectares of proposed landfill levels have not yet been met. While the city's infill capacity is 2408 hectares. By comparative comparison, the area is measured at a numerical average of the nearest-neighbour ratio of -27.58. Since this value is smaller than one, we, therefore, conclude that the inner city capacities are clustered throughout the city. Finally, according to the results of the Vikor method, region 3 has the highest infill development capacity with 36.15.

Urban poverty is one of the biggest and most important challenges facing modern society. This phenomenon has negative physical, economic and social consequences for the city and its residents. Therefore, identifying the constituent factors and how they are distributed at the city level is an excellent help for urban management and planning. The research aims to analyze the spatial distribution of poverty indicators at the level of the statistical blocks of Hamadan City. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The poverty indicators were extracted based on the raw data of the statistical blocks of Hamadan City in 2015. The exploratory factor analysis method was used to better identify the effective indicators in urban poverty and form a new structure for it. The result was the reduction of 18 poverty indicators to 4 main factors, which explained 62.8% of the cumulative variance. To perform spatial analysis, the hot spots method was used in the ArcGIS software environment, according to which the most important areas of poverty are concentrated in the northeastern, eastern and western parts of Hamedan, and the prosperous area is concentrated in the central and southwestern parts. In total, the poverty zone occupies 27.36% of the room and 48.84% of the population, the prosperity zone occupies 20.47% of the site and 7.85% of the city's population, and the rest of the city space is located in the middle zone. Also, using Geoda software, the spatial autocorrelation of the city's poverty was investigated at the area level. Moran's statistic with a coefficient of 0.677 showed that the spatial pattern of poverty in Hamedan City has a cluster pattern with high concentration

In recent years, the excessive spatial expansion of cities, along with the unplanned development plans, especially in big cities like Tabriz, has caused the creation of new urban textures and as a result, relocated residents and uses to new areas. As a result, the historical and old contexts of these cities have changed their function and have tended to the worn-out urban regions and the loss of urban life, stagnation and exhaustion. For this purpose, first, by studying the available documents, all the factors involved in the smart development and the integration of the worn-out urban fabric were studied, and by using the Delphi method, 53 variables were extracted in the mentioned basin. For data analysis, the interaction/structural effects analysis method was used by FL Micmac software. Also, Scenario Wizard software was used to develop scenarios. The results of the research show the instability of the system in the metropolis of Tabriz, based on which, five categories of influential, two-faceted, influential, independent and identifiable risk factors are identified, after identifying 14 key factors through risk and influencing variables, as a result, 8 final key components were selected. And these factors were entered into the Scenario Wizard software, and based on the opinions of experts, re-weighting and 6 very strong scenarios were selected from 260 possible scenarios. Based on the results obtained, expanding local access by strengthening physical and digital networks in the region, creating a mechanism to use the enormous potentials of social strata in the context, interdepartmental coordination between responsible institutions in line with sustainable development, comprehensive and principled planning to follow user principles Lands and per capita compliance, etc., were selected as the most optimal and desirable possible scenarios.

The low level of environmental citizenship behaviors among citizens has exacerbated the urban environmental problems. Recent research shows that residents of some Iranian cities do not actively participate in environmentally friendly behaviors. Like other cities, Ardabil faces special environmental problems and low participation of residents in environmentally friendly behaviors. High-rate urban development has created special environmental consequences for cities such as Ardabil, forcing city managers to adopt appropriate environmental policies to reduce the negative effects of population growth. On the other hand, due to the fact that environmental problems are increasing, environmental protection requires appropriate environmental behavior. Iranian cities also face several challenges that make it necessary to review the policy of urban management and pay attention to the management of environmental behaviors of residents, especially in cities such as Ardabil that have experienced a short period of extensive urban development. Accordingly, examining the factors affecting the environmental citizenship behavior of the residents of this city can help planners and policy makers to make better and more effective decisions. Based on this perspective, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of spatial attachment, trust and mobility on the environmental citizenship behavior of Ardabil residents.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method and a questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population of this study was all residents of Ardabil in 1398. Place attachment, trust, mobility and environmental citizenship behavior questionnaires were used to assess the research variables. Indicators of research questionnaires were obtained from related studies and research background and then localized based on the research conditions and the city under study. Also, the validity and reliability of the research model and data analysis were performed by structural equation modeling in LISREL software.

The research model showed that the value of the path coefficient between trust and citizenship behavior is equal to 0.42. Since the T value is equal to 5.68, due to the fact that it is greater than 1.96, it shows that the obtained coefficient is significant at the 95 level of confidence. Therefore, the relationship is confirmed and it can be said that trust has a positive and significant effect on environmental citizenship behavior in the study area. Also, considering that the value of the path coefficient between the mobility of citizenship behavior is equal to 0.17. Since the T value is equal to 2.47, due to being greater than 1.96, it shows that the obtained coefficient is significant at the 95 level of confidence. Therefore, the relationship is confirmed and it can be said that mobility has a positive and significant effect on environmental citizenship behavior in the study area. And considering that the value of the path coefficient between place attachment and environmental citizenship behavior is equal to 0.21. Since the T value is equal to 2.99, due to being greater than 1.96, it shows that the obtained coefficient is significant at the 95 level of confidence. Therefore, the relationship is confirmed and it can be said that place attachment has a positive and significant effect on environmental citizenship behavior in the study area.

The findings showed that citizens who have more confidence in the decisions and plans of city officials on environmental issues, show more environmental citizenship behavior. Consistent with this finding, it can be claimed that city managers can encourage residents of cities such as Ardabil to engage in environmental citizenship behaviors by increasing citizens' awareness of the importance and place of the environment in urban programs and policies while increasing their trust. The findings also show that the mobility and relocation of Ardabil residents, while helping to evaluate the results of environmental policies of local organizations, provides them with more empirical knowledge and information resources. And citizens with high mobility through their visits to different cities, while gaining more knowledge of how the environmental policies of local organizations have a positive impact, show a greater desire to engage in urban environmental behaviors. In fact, the change in lifestyle and also the increase in the possibility of movement and mobility among citizens has caused the level of their evaluation of the environmental policies of their place of residence to increase in proportion to the places visited and thus increase competition among cities for adoption. Environmental approaches and policies will be expected. Also, the research findings showed that in Ardabil city, with the increase of citizens 'level of attachment, the citizens' environmental citizenship behaviors increase. Based on this, it can be said that in cities whose residents have a higher rate ofplace attachment, more environmental citizenship behaviors are performed and strengthening the place attachment of citizen’s leads to individual and collective behaviors that are environmentally friendly. Accordingly, policies and programs that increase residents 'attachment to their place of residence will reciprocally increase residents' participation in environmentally friendly behaviors.

Many theories and approaches to preserving this precious heritage have been elaborated and introduced since the attention of urban planners and managers has shifted toward preserving and restoring historical areas. The most important of these approaches used today in many parts of the world is urban recreation. In addition to the historical boundaries of the city, besides physical restoration, it requires programs and strategies that lead to economic prosperity in weak and inactive areas. Therefore, in this study, after introducing urban regeneration approaches such as culture based Regeneration, tourism-based Regeneration and urban branding-based Regeneration, the components of creating value added strategies based on these approaches were introduced.

By looking at the components of urban regeneration and the strategies introduced to create value added in the historical area, it can be deduced that prioritizing the five economic, social, cultural, physical dimensions needs to be achieved in order to achieve sustainable urban r regeneration goals that lead to added value. And it's functional. We also prioritize measures that measure each of these dimensions to identify development-driven projects.This study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of quantitative data analysis. In order to gather information for the present study, to identify potentials in the area that can be transformed into value and act as catalysts. Two methods of library study and statistics were used and quantitative method of questionnaire was used. Data collected using smart PLS software And they have been analyzed by structural equations and factor analysis. On the other hand, confirmatory factor analysis has been used in this study.

In this study, the perceived potentials for orientation of regeneration projects in the study area were analyzed in five dimensions: economic, social, physical, cultural and social. Each of these dimensions will have their own unique effects, and the degree of importance and role of the program will vary. In this study, for the purpose of creating value added in the historical context of District 11, the components and metrics in the above dimensions were selected and the questionnaire questions were designed accordingly. Consequently, one of the results of the analysis of the answers may lead to the answer, which dimension and which measures would be most effective in creating added value in the historical Area? Among the dimensions, the regression coefficients of the functional, physical, and social dimensions are higher than the two cultural and economic dimensions, respectively.This means that the roles and functions and types of uses, environmental qualities, and urban spaces created alongside local social capital will be effective in creating value in recreation projects. On the other hand, the coefficients obtained for each dimension measure show that the political-administrative centralities in the functional dimension as well as the presence of chaotic paths due to historical sites and buildings have the highest regression coefficients.

According to the results of the factor analysis, it seems that functional, physical and social contexts can be more involved in the creation of value in the historical texture regeneration project. But how can the results of this analysis be useful in recreating the study area? Meanwhile, attention to the political centrality factor of the study area in Tehran shows a very strong potential for value creation. Because many places and political centers have been formed in this area for many years, but unfortunately due to the tendency to leave many organs out of the Tehran traffic plan, over the past twenty years there has been widespread disruption in the creation of public and political centers throughout Tehran. However, the existence of a proper public transport infrastructure could provide good conditions for the resettlement of these centers in the region. In addition, in many cities the creation of these centers with magnificent architectures along with historical sites has created an acceptable synergy in creating high quality and high visitor streets Based on factor scores, solutions such as enhancing the attraction of heritage buildings through conservation (reusing spaces and controlling their environmental factors), creating tourism and walking paths in historical areas and paths, removing rigid and impenetrable walls (visual) In large-scale buildings, the use of water fountains in a variety of forms at appropriate intervals along the Valiasr axis to create visual and auditory richness, as well as a focus on re-focusing Tehran's political-administrative centers, albeit with a focus on creating visions By creating magnificent architectural monuments, he can create value in historical areas The study area was effective in creating sustainable urban regeneration.