نشریه جغرافیا و توسعه فضای شهری
سال دهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 20، بهار 1402)

The insight of Fairclough about a text is the detection of hidden discourse and critical vocal awareness to the consumers of texts. In the meantime, problematic settlements are required to investigate the criteria of the textuality of linguistic lessons in them as a component of the text of the city and the reflection of social theories. According to this issue, this article show how are the components of textuality in problematic settlements and what discourses influence these settlements. The level of explanation was used based on the purpose and requirements. The text of problematic settlements were investigated according to the characteristics of textuality, then the discourse dependency of these settlements to social and institutional processes was studied. DPSIR model and path analysis test were used to explore the indicators of textuality. The results showed that the confrontation of the linguistic structures of problematic settlements in urban texts has been meant by different concepts which show the wishes and demands of residents and the consistency and continuity indicators influence the textuality of problematic settlements the most. Also, in the process of discourse dependency, the conflict is between the normal power of existing institutes and groups without power. Local management has a significant role in these settlements as the defeated part and effective leverage influenced by hidden facts through unawareness, the disproportion of earnings and housing costs, and illegal constructions. It can be said that these settlements are the permanent souvenirs of these cities but the dominant discourses based on investments does not consider important dangers and the difficulties of life for a huge group of these residents and insuring their livelihood safety.

Increase in urban population has led to the uncontrolled and unplanned expansion of cities, which has led to an increase in energy consumption, including electricity. The aim of this study is to analyze the impacts of Karaj’s form on electricity consumption and the length of power network lines as carriers. The required data of this applied and descriptive-analytical study was collected through the library resources and going to organizations. The statistical population is 173 neighborhoods of Karaj city. The geographic weight regression (GWR) tool was used to determine the spatial variation between the independent and dependent variables. The results showed that the form of Karaj city highly compacts the neighborhoods of Regions 5, 1, 7, and 2, but the neighborhoods of Regions 3 and 4 have a spiral state due to the villas and the high infrastructure of the villa gardens in part of the city. Based on the results obtained from local weight regression, the population density index as one of the important indicators of city form has the highest impact on electricity consumption in Karaj (R2 equals 78). That is, the city form index, according to this index at the 95% confidence level, justifies 78% of electricity consumption. Moreover, the entropy index as one of the indicators of the independent variable (city form) with (R2=0.66) has the highest impact on the length of Karaj electricity network lines. Therefore, the results showed that the form of the city of Karaj has a spatial relationship of more than 0.50% on the electricity consumption and the length of the lines of the power grid of the city.

In the recent decade, the views of planners and theorists have changed from simple physical aspects to social, environment and interactive aspects. Considering the increasing development of cities and the tendency of citizens to use private vehicle, serious challenges for urban planners have emerged. The study of people's behaviors and attitudes is important because knowing these attitudes can make changes in related policies. The data of the descriptive-quantitative study was done through documentary and survey studies. In order to study the attitude of citizens and its impact on the use of public transportation system, questions were designed in the form of a questionnaire with a five-level Likert scale. Considering the population of Tehran, the size of the sample was calculated to be 384 people using the Cochran's formula. Due to the epidemic of Covid-19 and in order to observe the health protocols, an online questionnaire was used. To increase the reliability, 443 questionnaires were distributed online among the residents of Tehran. Data analysis of this study showed that the "environmental attitude" index was ranked as the first with an average of 3.69 and the following were "social attitudes", "economic attitudes" and "use public transportation" with an average of 3.58, 3.20 and 2.94, respectively. According to the modeling results, the economic attitude of citizens with a path coefficient of 0.475 has the main and most significant impact on the use of public transport.

Construction violations have been among the most important issues in cities which have led to disruption and the emergence of major challenges in urban management and planning. One of the most important negative effects of these violations is seen on the image of the city and is a serious threat to the quality of urban environments. The purpose of this research is to identify construction violations in terms of land use change and the number of floors exceeding the standards, as well as to investigate the type and extent of the effects on the urban appearance in the two neighborhoods of Tabriz (Dameshghieh and Parvaz) in 2019. The scale of the research is in the dimensions of the plots located in these neighborhoods. The survey index was based on the land use of the neighborhoods and the built condition for 2019 and the construction model based on the approved rules of the comprehensive and detailed plan of Tabriz city. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the required data was collected through theoretical review and field observations. Data is analyzed by Excel, AutoCAD and ArcMap software. The results show that 12% of the total parts in Dameshghieh neighborhood, and 38% of the total parts in Parvaz neighborhood, were built contrary to the rules and regulations of the approved plan. It was also found that the most negative effects that construction violations have on the appearance of Parvaz and Dameshghieh were related to the negative effects. In fact, these construction violations have concretely and obviously brought negative effects on each of the parameters of the urban landscape in the studied neighborhoods and weakened the strength of each of the parameters.

Urbanization and the resulting lifestyle, along with the existence of spaces far from nature, can be seen in both architectural and urban spaces and in humans with physical and psychological damage. On the other hand, the growing aging of the world requires serious considerations by designers and planners of cities. The search for the components of the physical dimension of therapeutic landscapes (Shahid Rajaei Park in Isfahan) is the main question of the research. Based on qualitative research method and qualitative analysis with inductive approach, semi-structured interviews with 21 elderly people (using MAXQDA software) were conducted. To promote therapeutic and decrease anti-therapeutic themes, research results identified physical efficiency and capability, natural and physical-historical attractiveness, accessibility and proximity, climatic comfort, sound landscape, sensory stimulation, landscape beauty, mindscape and positive emotions, unfavorable sound landscape and decrease in physical efficiency. Affecting the mental health of the elderly, the Park has been able to provide a therapeutic experience by creating a relative balance, enhancing internal capacity and adaptation to maintain physical, mental, and psychological functions. Health consequences such as a sense of calm, attention recovery, and mood improvement are the result of such an experience. The most important subcategories are satisfaction, trees, and sociable space. Older trees had a significant positive impact on climate comfort, sensory stimulation, natural attractiveness, mindscape, landmark, proximity, and landscape beauty.

Urban renewal approach as an approach to urban renewal implies a set of adaptation processes and can be considered as an appropriate approach to renew the degraded texture of Iranian cities. This approach emphasizes more than other intervention approaches the cooperation between residents and local authorities in the framework of integrated management. The purpose of this study is to provide strategies for empowering informal settlements with an urban regeneration approach. The research method is descriptive-analytical with an applied nature. To collect data, interviews and questionnaires were used and in order to analyze the data, the strategic model of SOAR and QSPM were used. The statistical population of the study includes residents of the Poshteshahr neighborhood and officials related to worn-out and marginal tissue affairs. The results showed that Poshteshahr neighborhood, despite the existing problems and challenges, has many strengths and opportunities that with appropriate measures and taking advantage of the urban renewal approach, can become an active and suitable neighborhood for tourism and getting out of the marginal state. Estimating the attractiveness coefficients of experts and using the QSPM model to prioritize strategies showed that developing public areas by creating appropriate and compatible uses in the neighborhood in order to achieve a lively, dynamic, and active place with an attractiveness score of 2 .613 seems to be the most effective strategy.

Spatial inequality is considered one of the biggest challenges in both developing and developed countries, and a major obstacle for most governments to achieve sustainable development indicators. Therefore, investigating and analyzing the levels of spatial inequality as well as the influencing factors on its formation and expansion are considered essential for planning and managing cities. This research was conducted with the aim of measuring the spatial inequalities in Ardabil city with emphasis on economic indicators and identifying factors affecting its expansion. Based on the characteristics, spatial statistical models, hot spot analysis and spatial autocorrelation were used in Arc/GIS software, as well as fuzzy Delphi technique. Based on the results of the research, the urban areas of Ardabil are in different ranges in terms of the investigated indicators. Moreover, based on the spatial autocorrelation model (Moran), the distribution pattern of spatial inequality based on economic indicators in Ardabil follows the cluster model, and this type of distribution has caused spatial duality in this city.

The establishment of local facilitation and development offices has been on the agenda of governments in recent years in order to empower and develop marginalized and disadvantaged neighborhoods. The purpose of this study is investigating the success rate and impact of facilitation offices on the empowerment of residents in the development target areas. For this descriptive-analytical study, Naserkhosrow neighborhood, which is one of the suburbs of Isfahan and the Office of Facilitation and Local Development that was established in 2019 to empower residents, were studied as a sample study. The statistical population of this study was estimated 375 people according to Cochran's formula and 5% error coefficient was used for data analysis. The results showed a significant relationship between the actions of the facilitation office with the empowerment of residents of Naserkhosrow neighborhood in psychological, social and political-civil dimensions. The facilitation office has the greatest impact on the social dimension with 40/5 percent and the least impact is on the political-civic dimension of empowerment with 2/3 percent. Considering the medium-term and sometimes long-term empowerment process, as well as the emergence of facilitation offices, it seems that these offices can take an effective step in the development and empowerment of residents of marginalized and disadvantaged neighborhoods.

One of Yasouj's most important neighborhoods is Bensanjan as it is situated at the city's entrance. Given that this area is one of the city's side neighborhoods, it necessitates the creation of public urban spaces that are active. This study aims to analyze the vitality condition and its indices in the Bensanjan Neighborhood of Yasouj city. The influence of security, environmental, socioeconomic, and physical factors on the status of urban vitality are examined in this applied research utilizing the descriptive-analytical technique and a questionnaire instrument. Residents of the Bensanjan Neighborhood consists the study's statistical population. The sample size was calculated to be 384 people using Cochran's method. The research was analyzed using SPSS, single-sample T-tests, Pearson's correlation, the ANOVA test, and multiple linear regression. The results of statistical tests showed that the urban vitality of the Bensanjan is not acceptable. Moreover, the results of statistical testing demonstrated the presence of variations in satisfaction with the study's components, indicating that security and physical dimensions had the biggest and least impacts on urban vitality in the aforementioned area, respectively. The results showed that upgrading the environment, creating a clean, sanitary atmosphere, holding events, and improving the physical state of sidewalks and public spaces should all be prioritized to boost the vitality of the targeted region.