فصلنامه روان شناسی کاربردی
سال هفدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 65، بهار 1402)

Individuals with MDD have deficits in "hot" cognition such as attentional bias to negative stimuli.They also experience low levels of positive and high levels of negative affect.This study aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) on attentional bias and affective state in patients with major depressive disorder. The present research had a single-blinded, crossover design.Twenty-three adults with MDD received tDCS in three separate sessions with different montages: anodal dlPFC (F3)/ cathodal vmPFC (Fp2), the reversed montage and sham.Their performance was evaluated by dot- probe test (online) and PANAS questionnaire(Pre-Post Stimulation). There was no significant difference between different montages of tDCS on attentional bias in depressed patients. However, a significant difference was observed in the negative affect (p<0/05). Attentional bias is a form of hot cognition and affects MDD patients. The present study showed no significant difference in the attentional bias scores between the three tDCS montages. However, results showed that anodal stimulation of DLPFC and cathodal stimulation of VMPFC improved the affective state of patients with MDD by reducing the levels of the negative affect.

The aim of this study was to construct and validate the complex childhood trauma-related Personality Pathology Scale among married women with childhood complex trauma experience. At first, by conducting 18 semi-structured interviews in the form of qualitative research, the items related to scale construction were identified and a scale was designed based on it. Then the scale was administered to 100 married women with purposive sampling. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of this scale. To determine the validity of the scale, the mental well-being questionnaire  (Diener et al, 1985) and DASS-21 were used. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis with Smart-PLS software. The results of reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient as well as combined reliability for all dimensions of the scale were >0.7, which indicates the optimal reliability of the scale. The results of the correlation coefficient between personality traits with the variables of depression, anxiety, stress, and negative emotion for the convergent validity showed a positive and significant relationship  (P <0.01). Also, the results of the correlation coefficient between personality traits and life satisfaction and positive emotion for divergent validity showed a negative and significant relationship  (P <0.01). The results showed that the researcher-made scale has good reliability and validity and researchers and therapists can use it for research and treatment purposes.

One of the most important factors in adolescents' psychological and behavioral characteristics is how they perceive the relationship with parents. This qualitative study was conducted with the aim of phenomenological analysis of the lived experiences of adaptive and maladapted adolescents from the perception of the parent-child relationship. The participants of this study were among the adolescents in the age group of 13 to 19 who were selected based on purpose. The research method was qualitative interpretive phenomenology. Data collection was performed using a semi-structured interview, which after interviewing 20 people, the participants' responses were saturated. In this study, 115 codes related to research objectives were identified using open coding method. The results showed that adaptive and maladaptive adolescents' perceptions of the parent-child relationship were identified in 6 main themes. Negative perceptions of self, negative perceptions of parents, and negative perceptions of the interactions of the three main themes of maladaptive adolescents and the other three main themes; Positive perceptions of self, positive perceptions of parents, and positive perceptions of interactions related to adaptive adolescents were extracted. The results showed that adaptive adolescents reported more positive perceptions of themselves in relation to parents and also had a more positive and fruitful view of parents and communicating with them, in contrast to maladapted adolescents in interaction with parents.

The present study aimed to detect cognitive, affective, and behavioral items related to soccer players’ technical and tactical performance.

The method of this study was Thematic Analysis (King, 2004). First, using exploratory study of specialized texts, units were identified and encoded and also units of each category were determined. Then by nonprobability based qualitative-purposive sampling method and via exploratory interviews with soccer players(n=25), coaches(n=11) and football specialists(n=50),  statements were identified, then a network of comprehensive themes was made and then main themes and categories were identified.

The themes and categories included cognitive items (20 items), affective items (13 items), behavioral items (16 items), cognitive- affective items (9 items), cognitive- behavioral items (6 items), affective- behavioral items (6 items), social items (6 items), basic items (3 items) and team items (11 items).

Detection of cognitive, affective, and behavioral items related to soccer players’ technical and tactical performance, is useful and effective to distinguish successful soccer players, performance technical and tactical improvement, maintenance successful soccer players, counseling, injury prevention, and rehabilitation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mother-based art therapy on reducing and improving the basic problems of children with autism spectrum disorders in the areas of verbal skills, social interactions and their stereotypic behaviors. A quasi-experimental method with pre-test/post-test design, with the control group and a two-month follow-up was applied. Both groups were selected from those mothers and children who referred to the Education and Research Clinic for Children with Special Disabilities of Shahid Beheshti University and were randomly divided into two groups of ten. Both groups responded to the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale in three stages: before and after the intervention and two months after the intervention. Descriptive indices and student t-test and mixed analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the mother-based art therapy program significantly improved the basic problems of children with autism spectrum disorders in the experimental group (ie. increased verbal skills (F= 4.13; sig=0.046) and social interactions (F= 7.12; sig=0.011) and stereotypic behaviors has decreased (F= 43.83; sig<0.001). Therefore, our results suggest that mother-based art therapy program sounds like an effective program in treatment and rehabilitation centers for autistic children.

The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of the children of divorce intervention program on children's perceptions of parental divorce. The research method was single subject (A-B design) and the statistical population of this study consisted of all female children of divorce in Bumehen, among them three children were selected through convenience sampling. A 31- item researcher-made questionnaire on children's perception of parental divorce (CPPDQ) was used to collect the data. The face and content validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by experts, and the reliability of the questionnaire was reported to be 0/86 for the whole questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. After one baseline session for each child, an intervention program was presented to each child individually through the 8-week program. Each session lasted for 45 minutes. Also, in the follow-up phase, the data were analyzed using visual analysis and descriptive statistical indicators. The results of the study indicated that CODIP was effective to increase children's positive feelings and attitudes towards their parental divorce, reduce children's negative feelings towards their parental divorce, improve children's relationships with their parents and peers, and increase the feeling of competence in children. The children of divorce intervention program for children of divorce can be considered as an effective way to improve children's perceptions in response to their parents' divorce and can be used in counseling and educational centers.

Relationships between family members is one of the main and influential pillars on adolescents' perception of well-being. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of parental attachment in the relationship between perceived parental cooperation and perceived adolescent well-being.

The study population included all parents (parents) of adolescents aged 12-18 years with their adolescent children in Isfahan, from which 482 parents (241 father and 241 mother) and 241 children were selected using convenience sampling method. Participants answered the Parent-Peer Attachment Questionnaire (lPPA), and the KIDSCREEN-10 Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Parent-Collaborative Questionnaire (CRS-Brief). Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equationsusing spss-23and Amos-23 programs.

The results of fitness indices indicated the fit of the proposed model and Adolescent attachment to father (P<0.001) and mother(P<0.001) was able to play a mediating role in the relationship between perceived parental cooperation and adolescent perceived well-being. It should be noted that the direct paths of perceived parental cooperation to perceived well-being were not significant for father(P=0.16) and mother (P=0.22).

Accordingly, by considering the role of variables such as perceived parental cooperation, adolescent attachment to parents and perceived well-being, the perceived cooperation of each parent and playing an effective role in child rearing can affect the psychological well-being of children by creating secure   attachment.

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Empathy Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents-Short Form (EmQue-CA-R, Overgaauw & et al, 2017) among Iranian students.

The present study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included all students in Tehran in the age range of 11 to 17 years who were selected using available sampling method 280 students (145 boys and 135 girls). After translating and obtaining the opinions of experts and subjects, the face validity of the questionnaire were confirmed. SPSS and AMOS software were used for statistical analysis.

 The results of the confirmatory factor analysis, based AMOS software, showed that three-factor structure of the affective empathy, cognitive empathy and intention to comfort in the Iranian sample had good fit with data. Correlational analyses between this Questionnaire with AMES provided initial evidence for the ACS convergent validity. Internal consistency coefficients for the affective empathy, cognitive empathy and intention to comfort subscales were .79, .76 and .82, respectively.

In sum, these findings provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the EmQue- CA-R as an instrument to measure empathy among Iranian students. This scale can be used to measure empathy in research and treatment departments.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on happiness and ambiguity of mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder.

The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with the control group. The statistical population of this study included all mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder in Kermanshah in 2021, from which 30 people were selected by random sampling method and by homogenizing age and level of education were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Participants responded to the Oxford Happiness Scale (Argyle and Lou, 1989) (OHQ) and the Ambiguity Tolerance Questionnaire (McLean, 2009) (ATQ) for pretest, posttest, and follow-up. After 8 sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training for the experimental group, the research data were analyzed using repeated measures covariance analysis.

The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was effective on happiness and ambiguity tolerance in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (P <0.05) and its effect lasted over time (P <0.05).

Based on the results of applying mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in increasing happiness and the ability to tolerate ambiguity in counseling and psychotherapy centers can be useful and effective.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of classical cognitive-behavioral therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy based on purposeful support on the sexual function and disturbance tolerance. The research design was experimental with pre-test and post-test and control group. 48 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group among female patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who had referred to counseling centers and psychological and psychiatric services in Parsabad city of Ardabil province in the period from April to July 2021 for treatment. Data collection tools were: Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Scale, Sexual Function and Disorder Tolerance Scale. Interventional treatments were performed in 8 sessions each at different time intervals. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that classical cognitive-behavioral therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy based on purposeful support were effective on the sexual function and disturbance tolerance in people with washing obsession (P <0.05). Also, the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on purposeful support was significantly higher than classical cognitive-behavioral (P <0.05). It is suggested to pay attention to the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on purposeful support as a new treatment method.