International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management
Volume:8 Issue: 3, Summer 2023

In a context of instability caused by various crises, including military crises, the higher education system is at great risk. Practice-oriented (dual) education is one of the most effective ways to address this problem. The innovation of this study is that for the first time a theoretical and practical model for involving all stakeholders in this process has been created and tested. The aim of the article is to substantiate a socially responsible dual education system in an unstable environment. In terms of objective, this is an applied and quantitative study. The study population is estimated at 13 universities, 10 companies, 50 students between November 2021 and November 2022. The sample size is estimated using the Cochrane formula. A standard 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to collect data, where groups of questions corresponded to 4 hypotheses. All data were investigated by factor and cluster analysis using STATISTICA software (version 10.0). All four hypotheses were confirmed. Before the war, the first and second hypotheses were prioritized. According to them, the process approach of social responsibility of dual education allows designing and launching a system of social responsibility of dual education and creating a talent pool at the employing enterprise. After the outbreak of hostilities, the priorities changed. The third and fourth hypotheses allow, through the organization of supportive (enabling) processes, to ensure the effective functioning of the system. As a result, the majority of stakeholders (31%) consider it necessary to modernize the mentoring system and provide graduates with relevant professional skills, while methodological and career guidance came in second and third (16% and 13% respectively). Using the theoretical and practical model of formation and implementation of dual education in the unstable conditions of Ukraine will help to solve the problems of the country out of crisis, post-war recovery of higher education system, to bring the requirements of production with the possibilities of training specialists in universities and can be applied in other countries in a similar situation.

Making society resilient is considered a critical and challenging issue in mental health planning or stress-relieving urban planning. However; although in recent years, many studies have separately addressed stress and urban resilience, no study has explained the relationship between the two. Therefore, the present study aims to explain the relationship between urban stress and urban resilience in the Region 8 of the District 1 of Tehran Municipality.  This study is applied descriptive-analytical research. The required data are collected using both quantitative and qualitative methods and analyzed by regression analysis. First, using the library method, the indicators of urban stress and urban resilience were identified, then the study sample was selected using these indicators and the Delphi method. After; that, the information related to the indicators was collected using questionnaire and library methods, and finally, the relationship between urban stress and urban resilience was investigated through multivariate regression. The research findings indicate a high correlation between the two abovementioned concepts (correlation coefficient= 0.925). Moreover; the adjusted R2 shows that resilience indicators explain 83% of the total variations in urban stress. Also; the most critical indicators affecting the citizens' stress include the status of open space, gender structure of the population, permeability, average building density, education level, resident participation, spatial diversity, citizen's sense of belonging, social diversity, violence, crime, the safeness of the environment, social capital, social solidarity, the strength of buildings, vulnerability to natural hazards, income status, employment status, environmental pollution, access to services, the age structure of the population, and safety, respectively. it is possible to significantly reduce urban stress by enhancing urban resilience and paying attention to its effective indicators.

Air pollution and its associated health impacts have become a major concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Anthropogenic activities were significantly reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing for the opportunity for source reduction of air pollutants. A number of studies have been conducted in Dhaka, but most of them are concentrated on a single ground-monitoring station, making it impossible to draw a comprehensive pollution scenario for the entire city. In contrast, this study evaluated the spatio-temporal changes of urban Particulate Matters (PM) in 70 locations from five different land use categories. Hence, this study investigated the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on PM1 (aerodynamic diameter ≤1 µm), PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm) and PM10 (aerodynamic diameter ≤10 µm) concentration during three specific time frames: November 2019 (Pre-lockdown), April 2020 (During lockdown), and November 2020 (Post-lockdown). The data were collected through portable air quality meter (AEROQUAL 500) during lockdown (April 2020) and post-lockdown (November 2020) period.  Data set of pre-lockdowns (November 2019) was collected from Center for Atmospheric Pollution Studies (CAPS). The Tukey’s Post Hoc Multiple Comparison Test was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSSv26) to address the significant changes in air quality between the periods. Additionally, the GIS (Geographical Information System) platform was used to see the spatial and temporal variations of PMs over the city. The study found that average ground level PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 concentration reduced by 75.1, 75.4, 69.6% and 41.1, 32.6, 29.2% respectively during lockdown compared to pre-lockdown and post-lockdown periods. Moreover, the reduction during lockdown was significant at α=0.05 level. The highest reduction was seen in residential areas from the pre-lockdown to lockdown period, whereas in the lockdown to post-lockdown phase that was found in the industrial areas. Interestingly, the northern part of Dhaka city was less polluted than the southern part in all three studied periods. Besides, the Dhaka city dwellers enjoyed comparatively good quality air in lockdown. This study suggested that land use-based source apportionment is required to eliminate the particulate concentration from Dhaka city. Besides, 24 hours continuous data is also important to understand the interaction between particulate concentration and climatic forces. Promoting cleaner transportation options, such as electric vehicles and public transportation is recommended as a means of reducing vehicle emissions. Furthermore, governments could consider implementing emissions regulations, setting limits on emissions, or mandating the use of cleaner fuels and technologies to reduce industrial pollution.

Sustainable development is a process that envisions a desirable future for human societies in which living conditions and resource use meet human needs without compromising the integrity, beauty, and stability of vital systems. Knowledge-based companies today are among those companies that act as factories for converting knowledge into goods and services. In this regard, organizational social responsibility can be the basis for the sustainable development of companies and organizations. Therefore, this research aims are to examine the role of the organization’s social responsibility for sustainable development in terms of mediating the participation of employees of knowledge-based companies.                                                                                                                                 This research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive survey and correlation in terms of method. Field and library methods, literature reviews, and standard questionnaires were used to collect information. The statistical population consisted of 578 senior and middle managers of knowledge-based companies in the Science and Technology Park of Sharif University of Technology, Tehran- Iran, and 231 people were sampled using Cochran's formula method and stratified random sampling. A standard questionnaire was also used to collect information. The validity of the questionnaire was checked and confirmed using convergent and divergent validity and confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, joint and combined reliability. Finally, the collected data was analyzed using SPSS and smartPLS software’s. Based on the results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the significance of this test was calculated for all indicators less than 0.05 and 0.000, and due to the lack of normal distribution of the data, the smart PLS software was used. The overall fitting criterion was calculated to be 0.551, which means that the model fits well. When testing the main hypothesis, a coefficient of 0.408 was calculated, showing that employee participation explains 40% of the impact of social responsibility on sustainable development. The path coefficient of the sub-hypotheses for these relationships is above 0.5 and the significance is above 1.96. It can be said that the sub-hypotheses of the research are confirmed. According to the indicators obtained, the organization’s social responsibility positively and significantly impacts sustainable development and employee participation. The positive role of employee participation in sustainable development was also confirmed. Finally, the results showed that employee participation can mediate the impact of social responsibility on sustainable development.

Green human resource management has become one of the most critical components of a forward-thinking for eco-friendly companies. The majority of academics hold the opinion that in order to implement green human resource management techniques, personnel must be encouraged and motivated to be ecofriendly. This study aims at investigating the impact of Green human resources practices on organizational sustainability: The mediating role of job embeddedness in the pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in Jordan. The current study looks at the effects of several green human resource management strategies on organizational sustainability either directly or indirectly through job embeddedness. a quantitative approach was used. The data is collected through questionnaire from the Study sample included (404) employee in (16) Jordanian Pharmaceutical manufacturing companies. A Structural Equation Modelling is conducted to achieve study objectives.  Findings confirmed, that (green work life balance, green reward) showed a significant positive effect on the organizational sustainability, while (green training, green career opportunities) didn’t have direct significant effects on organizational sustainability, as well, the outcomes indicated that all green human resources practices (green work life balance, green reward, green training, green career opportunities) had direct significant effect on job embeddedness. The findings indicated that the mediator (Job embeddedness) improved the organizational sustainability. The results illustrate that green work life balance exerted positive and significant effects on organizational sustainability (β = 0.41) and Job embeddedness (β = 0.27). While No abbreviation in the abstract didn’t has direct significant effects on organizational sustainability (β = 0.03; t = 0.64; ρ > 0.01), and significant effects on Job embeddedness (β = 0.40). Also the result indicated that green rewards has direct significant effects on organizational sustainability (β = 0.24), and Job embeddedness (β = 0.26). While GCO green career opportunities didn’t has direct significant effects on organizational sustainability (β = 0.04 t = 0.87; ρ > 0.01) and significant effects on Job embeddedness (β = 0.39). As well as JE exerted positive and significant effects on organizational sustainability (β = 0.38). The findings imply that the mediator does increase organizational sustainability. The study suggests that the pharmaceutical manufacturing businesses should provide their workers with green benefits and promote a green work-life balance and search for other green practices in order to prevent organizational deterioration.

ABSTRACT

Place attachment is among the most important aspects of the interaction between people and their places, to keep residential environments safe, sustained, and resilient. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the creation and enhancement of place attachment in residential settings, with a focus on physical elements. Given the significance of these factors in architecture and facility programming, the study aims to provide architects and designers with effective strategies for designing and redesigning residential environments. The results of this study on place attachment can be utilized in the architectural facility programming process and design decision-making. 

This study proposed a theoretical framework in which the relationship between subjective and objective physical and individual characteristics and time were the main components of making sense of place attachment. Using a survey method, the study investigated the significance of place attachment among residents of the 600-unit residential complex in Mashhad, Iran, through a questionnaire divided into three sections. The first section focused on individual characteristics and time spent in the complex, while the second and third sections measured the objective and subjective physical characteristics and the extent of people's attachment to the complex, respectively. The data from 158 participants were analyzed using SPSS and SmartPLS software.

Results of SPSS analysis showed objective physical characteristics (p<.01, r=.241), as well as the subjective physical characteristics (p<.01, r=.223) and time (p<.01, r=.237), were the most important components affecting place attachment, highlighting the role of physical strategies used in the residential complex for creating and developing this feeling. Considering these physical factors affecting the establishment and enhancement of place attachment emphasizes the role of architects and planners in satisfying this crucial human need which directly affects people's personal and social health.

The results revealed time, subjective, and objective physical characteristics are three factors that have a direct impact on place attachment. Objective physical characteristics have a direct impact on place attachment and also indirectly impact it through their effect on subjective physical characteristics. On the other hand, the relationship between individual characteristics and place attachment is indirect, as individual characteristics affect the time spent in a place, and an increase in time spent leads to a stronger place attachment. The findings can be employed extensively in architectural programming in residential environments to improve the quality of life.

The leadership styles in higher education, especially public universities, face enormous challenges in handling global situations, i.e., the Covid-19 pandemic. The current dataset of this study aims to verify how transformational leadership is more effective in influencing organizational citizenship behavior through knowledge-based work passion. Individuals with a high level of knowledge-based work passion are able to feel happiness, pride, and pleasure, and are totally involved and make sense of their work. In addition, they also show highly positive emotions toward the people around them and are happy to assist them. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with AMOS 21.0 software is used to analyze the data collected from 221 professional lecturers utilizing a purposive sampling technique from a total of 1,242 lecturers in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia public universities. The loading values of the survey instrument, composite reliability, and average variance extracted are tested to justify reliability and convergent validity for the measurement model in this study. The results show that transformational leadership positively and significantly affects knowledge-based work passion (β = 0.568, C.R. = 6.536; ρ < 0.001) but not organizational citizenship behavior (β = 0.061, C.R. = 0.608; ρ > 0.001). In addition, knowledge-based work passion directly has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior (β = 0.696, C.R. = 3.571; ρ > 0.001). Further, the mechanism effect of transformational leadership on organizational citizenship behavior through knowledge-based work passion was tested. The result indicates the mediating role of knowledge-based work passion (β = 0.395, ρ > 0.001) in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior.  This study contributes significantly to organizational management practices, especially in the field of education, by identifying how transformational leadership improves organizational citizenship behavior through knowledge-based work passion. When individuals recognize their leaders as transformational, they are more likely to behave and engage in volunteering for extra tasks, having a positive work environment, feeling more connected to the organization and being flexible in their duties.

Today, human resources play a key role in the success of organizations and leading organizations have creative, motivated and capable employees.  In addition to the characteristics of the employees, the measures and practices related to strategic human resources management planned and implemented by organizations are effective mechanisms to attract employees who believe in their abilities and create energy and motivation in the Khuzestan Regional Water Organization, like any other organization. Also, it requires the deployment of the strategic human resources management capacity and its subsystems to improve the perceived organizational fairness of employees in order to improve work behavior and employee satisfaction, which the present study has dedicated to this important topic. The aim of the study is therefore to examine the relationship between performance appraisal measures and employee satisfaction and to investigate the mediating role of procedural and distributive justice in the relationship. The research population were employees of the Khuzestan Regional Water Organization. The sample size was selected based on Morgan's table as 297 people. Data were collected using simple random sampling method. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS25 and AMOS24 software. Based on the quantitative data analysis, the results of testing the research hypotheses show that financial measures are significantly related to procedural fairness (C.R.= 6.009) and distributive fairness (C.R.= 5.748), non-financial measures are significantly related to procedural fairness (C.R. = 3.643) and Distributive Justice (C.R.= 5.196). Financial metrics have a significant correlation with employee satisfaction (C.R.= 4,080), non-financial metrics have a significant correlation with employee satisfaction (C.R.= 2,569). Procedural fairness has a significant association with employee satisfaction (C.R.= 2.786), distributive fairness has a significant association with employee satisfaction (C.R.= 2.084). Procedural and distributive justice play a partially mediating role in the relationship between financial and non-financial measures and employee satisfaction. The results showed that the use of the comprehensive performance evaluation system is effective on organizational justice and the result will lead to the improvement of the job satisfaction of the employees and the results of this research can be used and generalized in governmental organizations and public non-governmental organizations that have almost the same organizational structure. The use of non-financial measures is suggested to evaluate employee performance, in addition to using traditional financial objective measures to evaluate performance.

Services in China have recently emerged as the leading contributor to economic growth and job creation. It employs low-skilled workers in China's service sectors, such as tourism and retail. In terms of value-added, the service sector is the largest sector of the global economy and is crucial in more advanced economies. Businesses in this sector are concentrating on what is becoming known as the knowledge economy, or the ability to outperform competitors by understanding what target customers want and need and operating to meet those wants and needs quickly and cheaply. Almost all industries within the sector use new technology to boost production, increase speed and efficiency, and reduce the number of employees required to operate. It reduces costs while increasing revenue streams. However, when compared to Western economies, China's service sector lags. The services sector's Gross Domestic Product and employment share are small. Services trade accounts for a small portion of China's economic growth. China's new services are still in their infancy. This research aims to determine how Yukl’s leadership style impacts Chinese service organizations' performance. Due to ineffective management in guiding the staff, China is currently experiencing low performance in the firm's finance or marketing, which has resulted in low performance in the operating activities and lower productivity, which has a direct impact on the company's performance in the service industry. The research is carried out quantitatively, using questionnaire surveys to obtain data on the determinants of the company's success. Total of 384 respondents were selected to give responses to the study. The technique is used in this study is probability sampling, with systematic method. The findings showed that the hypotheses were influenced significantly and recommend to all industries because it successfully highlighted that the dimensions of Yukl’s leadership style such as transactional and transformational leadership will affect firm performance especially in the Chinese service sector about the right of leadership. The dependent and independent variables, as well as the two dimensions r2, are all 0.553, indicating that the model has good goodness of fit. This variable is responsible for 55.3 percent of China's service industry. It indicates that the model reasonably well fits the data. As a result, the results show that the model employed in this study is both relevant and acceptable. These findings may provide policymakers with critical information by implementing the Management by Objective policy in China's service sector due to underperformance in the firm's finance or marketing due to ineffective management in guiding the staff, which leads to underperformance in the operating activities and lower productivity, which directly influences the company performance in China's service industry. Company performance is significant because it indicates the company's ability to generate high profits, high product quality, market share, and better financial results over time.

Environmental sustainability is an important program of the United Nations to achieve sustainable urban development. It is important to understand the complicated relationship between the urban ecosystem and the natural environment to solve the environmental problems of cities. Owing to its ecological origin, the establishment of ecological parks plays an essential role in sustainable urban development as it aims to support the spiritual needs of citizens, advocate the life of other species, and minimize the manipulation of nature. This study aims to identify and prioritize important ecological, physical, economic, and social criteria in the eco-park of north-central Iran. Due to its topographic features and specific climate, it provides different habitats for wildlife and has ability to protect biodiversity in the urban ecosystem. There are currently intentions for biodiversity compensation in urban planning due to public opinion and species extinction problems. However, scarce studies are available to reinforce this fundamental concept in urban management. This study aimed to determine and prioritize Alborz eco-park components in north-central Iran. In this research, the indicators were selected by fuzzy Delphi, using multivariate decision-making, entropy technique, and TOPSIS.  Based on the TOPSIS method, among environmental-ecological criteria, the highest rank belonged to the ex situ conservation of animals in the urban climate and biodiversity enhancement (relative closeness to ideal solution = 0.621). Eco-park establishment along the Chalus road and Hemmat superhighway was the design and physical criterion with the highest score (relative closeness to ideal solution = 0.696). From the socio-economic view, increasing the understanding of human-nature unity was the highly scored criterion (relative closeness to ideal solution = 0.767). The eco-Park is not only about conservation but also about large-scale restoration of nature. The implementation of this new generation of parks in response to local environmental concerns regarding location, physical aspects, design, and wildlife conservation will help transition to sustainable urban development. The north-central eco-park of Iran can be used as a model for the development of sustainable urban ecosystems.