Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:9 Issue: 4, Autumn 2022

Liver damage is the most common complication of anti-tuberculosis drugs, but there is currently no standard prevention for it. The main purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of Ziziphus jujuba (Z. jujuba) syrup on the prevention of liver enzyme disorder in TB patients. This study is a protocol for randomized controlled trial. 48 patients will be included in the study who will be randomly assigned to one of the two groups of Z. jujuba syrup or placebo syrup based on the block randomization. Liver enzyme tests are measured at the beginning of the study, as well as days 14 and 28 of the study, which will be the primary outcome. The standard Visual Analog Scales questionnaire will be completed on days 0, 14, and 28 to assess cough, anorexia, and nausea in patients. The standard SF-36 quality of life questionnaire will be completed on days 0 and 28 of the study, which will be evaluated as the secondary outcome of the study. The hypothesis of the study is that the incidence rate of liver enzyme disorder will be lower in patients treated with Z. jujuba, compared to those who received the placebo.

Tissue dysfunction might be the result of reactions between free radicals and cell membranes. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of cell vulnerability and assessment of the effect of intense intermittent exercise and curcumin supplementation on apoptotic and antiapoptotic factors in Wistar rats.

For the study, 60 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided to 5 groups (n = 8) of saline, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), high intensity interval training (HIIT) + oxygenated Water, Curcumin Supplement + Oxygenated Water, and HIIT + Curcumin Supplement + Oxygenated Water. Rats were treated with H2O2 in the amount of 1 mmol/kg of body weight three times a week on even days and curcumin, 150 m g/kg of body weight, daily. Treadmill running program was performed for 8 weeks. Real-time PCR was applied to assess Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) genes expression. Data were analyzed by using the Two-way ANOVA.

The induction of oxidative stress by H2O2 increased expression of Bax, and decreased expression of Bcl-2 in hippocampus of rats (P = 0.0001). HIIT and curcumin supplementation decreased expression of Bax, and increased expression of Bcl-2, Also, decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (P = 0.0001).

This finding showed that doing HIIT and taking curcumin supplements have been able to decreas oxidative stress, and the effect of both together could further reduce the apoptotic process.

According to the Global Mental Health Movement, security provides a coherent conceptual framework and an ethical basis for the development of the mental health system. Therefore, mediating the role of the sense of security in the relationship of psychological capital and social capital with social health was investigated among government employees in Shiraz.

In this descriptive-correlational (structural equation) model, 705 government employees (255 females and 450 males) in Shiraz were selected as the sample group. Data were collected by Psychological Capital, Standard Social Capital, Security Feeling, and Social Health Questionnaires. The analysis of data was performed with the aid of Pearson’s correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using the SPSS 20 and LISREL 8.80 software.

The results showed no statistically significant difference between the gender, age, and workplace of the study subjects (P > 0.05). Also, the performance indices were in good condition at REMSA = 0.01, GFI = 0.96, CFI = 0.91, RFI = 0.90, and NFI = 0.91. Standard coefficients of the direct and indirect effects of psychological and social capital on social health were significant based on the feeling of security (P < 0.05 for both).

Our findings revealed that health reflects social factors and a sense of security, and the improvement of social health is dependent on providing and strengthening a sense of security.

Physical activity has a significant impact on the quality of life and mental health of college students. The importance and role of happiness in mental health and social participation have been one of the most important priorities of psychology researchers. Also, very few studies have been conducted on happiness among college students, especially females, so the present study aimed to determine the correlation between physical fitness and happiness among female university students.

This research was a descriptive and correlational study. The participants consisted of a group of 124 females (aged 20.94 ± 1.82 years) who were selected randomly from Ilam university students. The AAHPERD battery was used to obtain the physical fitness grade of the students and the Oxford questionnaire was used to calculate their happiness. The data were analyzed by SPSS software and the Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results of this study indicated a significant relationship between physical fitness and happiness (r = 0.293, P = 0.048).

The research indicated that exercise and physical activity effectively improve students' happiness and suggested that it must pay more attention to sport programs and increase university student's physical fitness.

Combined training play important role in improving body composition, but less is known about its anti-inflammatory mechanism in obesity. Researcher in the present study investigated the effect of three-month combined exercise training on the serum levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in sedentary obese women.

The 24 obese women age ranging 20-35 years old with average body mass index (BMI) 32.02±1.03 kg/m2 randomly allocated in 2 groups (12 participants in each group) including control and combined training (endurance-resistance) groups. Exercise training program conducted for 12 weeks and three session per week. Endurance training intensity was 60 percent of reserve heart rate and resistance training intensity was 75 percent of 1RM. Blood samples collected before and after 12 weeks training program and IL-6 and CRP levels were measured by Elisa method. Data were analyzed by means of SPSS software version 24 with analysis of covariance test.

Present study findings indicated that serum levels of IL-6 in combined training group significantly decreased compared to control group (P < 0.001). In addition, significant decrease in CRP levels were observed in combined training group compared to control group (P = 0.0188), which decrease in inflammatory mediators was associated with significant decrease in percent body fat in combined training group (P < 0.001).

According to present study, combined training plays an important role in down-regulation of inflammatory mediators and the anti-inflammatory effect may be related to decrease in body fat mass as a main source for secreting the inflammatory mediators including CRP and IL-6.

Exercise training has been associated with health outcomes in diabetes, but the effect of long-term resistance training on HBA1c is largely unknown. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effects of resistance training on lipid profile, HBA1c, and insulin in women with type 1 diabetes

In this semi-experimental study, 20 women (n =10, with an average age of 54.50 ± 8.16 years, a height of 158.16 ± 5.36 cm) were randomly assigned into two control and experimental groups. A pre-test of the desired indicators (weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, fat percentage, fasting blood sugar, and glycosylated hemoglobin level) was performed for both groups. The experimental group performed a circuit resistance activity course (12 stations, 4 rounds, three days a week for 24 weeks). At the end of this period, the desired indicators were evaluated again as a post-test. To interpret the data, analysis of covariance (ANCOA) was used, considering the pre-test as a covariate.

Resistance training for 24 weeks reduced LDL level (P = 0.001), TG (P = 0.001), BF (P = 0.002), WHR (P = 0.033), FBS (P = 0.001), HBA1c (P = 0.001), Insulin (P = 0.001), HOMA-IR (P = 0.001), and increased VO2max (P = 0.001) and average HDL-C (P = 0.001) in the experimental group compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference in average BMI (P = 0.129), TG (P = 0.073), and Waist circumstance (P = 0.195) in the control and experimental groups.

Based on the results of the present study, long-term resistance training improves lipid profile, HBA1c, and insulin levels in middle-aged women with type 1 diabetes.

Glioma grading is an important clinical procedure that determines the procedure of the patient's treatment. There is an increasing interest in other complementary techniques in addition to histo-pathological evaluation as the gold standard method. Perfusion indices have shown promising correlations with histo-pathological grades and neovascularization degrees in gliomas. In this study, the processing times and classification performances of cerebral blood flow (CBF) parameters calculated using singular value decomposition (SVD) and Fourier deconvolution methods were evaluated.

The statistical differences between the CBF magnitudes of the high- and low-grade gliomas were evaluated for eighteen patients with pathologically proven gliomas (Low-grade gliomas, 5; High-grade gliomas, 13). The classification performances of the calculated indices were evaluated using the receiver operating curve analysis.

The deconvolution processing times for the SVD method were significantly higher than those of the Fourier deconvolution method (about ~9 times). There were statistically significant differences in both CBF indices between the high- and low-grade gliomas (P<0.05). In ROC curve analysis, CBF indices calculated by the SVD method had a higher area under the curve (about 8538.5 vs. 8153.8).

Based on the study, the glioma grade might be determined using the Fourier-based CBF index with an almost similar grading efficiency and a much lower processing time than the CBF index calculated by the SVD method.

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is known as an important biomarker for assessing oxidative stress, which exert many pathological effects. The present study sought to investigate the effect of endurance training on the serum and cardiac levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid profile in the high fat fed male rats.

For the 21 male Wistar rats (weighing 200-250g) randomly assigned in three equal groups including the control (C; received normal diet), 60% high-fat diet (HF), and 60% HF + endurance training group (HFE). The HF and HFE groups received 60% calories from fat for 12 weeks. Subsequently, endurance training program performed for six weeks (5 session per week) by the HFE group. Following completing intervention, blood and heart tissue samples collected, and the MDA and lipid profile were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS-24 software, using one-way ANOVA test.

Serum MDA in the C and HFE groups was significantly lowered compared to the HF group (P < 0.05). Cardiac MDA also represented a significant decrease in the C and HFE groups compared to the HF group (P < 0.05).  Moreover, endurance training result in significant improvement in the lipid profile compared to the HF group (P < 0.05).

It seems that exercise training can be considered as an effective strategy for ameliorate the pathological effect of high fat feeding, partly exerted by downregulation of serum and cardiac MDA levels and the lipid profile improvement.