نشریه مطالعات ساختار و کارکرد شهری
پیاپی 35 (تابستان 1402)

In the past decades, due to being in the center of the province, indiscriminate rural-urban migrations, high population growth rate, lack of correct policies in accordance with urban development standards, non-compliance with per capita, and urban densities, Ahvaz city has experienced land changes, so that the residential space has changed a lot compared to other land uses. This has caused a lot of high-quality agricultural land in Ahvaz city to be placed under non-original urban constructions. For this purpose, the aim of the current research is to evaluate the factors affecting the change in urban residential use (case study: Ahvaz metropolis). The research method was descriptive-analytical, the information of which was collected through library studies and by completing a questionnaire. The T-test and the statistical approach of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used for analyzing the data. The results showed that the conceptual model of the research has a good fit. On the other hand, the findings revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the components of the current research and urban residential use changes. Also, the results of the T-Tech test demonstrated that the highest average and, as a result, the greatest impact on the change in residential use was related to the environmental factor (with an average of 4.01), the economic factor (3.96), the social factor (3.86), and cultural factor (3.52). According to the results, the greatest impact was related to the environmental factor and the least impact was related to the cultural factor. Therefore, in order to take the necessary measures, serious attention from urban and regional managers and planners is required

Rapid urban development in recent decades has affected various dimensions of human life. The intensity of this impact, as well as the role of cities in the consumption of natural resources, the production of waste, and the concentration of human activities have made sustainable urban development a key element in the future, and therefore, efforts to understand urban sustainability and its various dimensions continue. With deductive exploration in the theoretical literature, the urban form can be categorized into components such as communication networks, public transportation systems, pedestrian and bicycle access, spatial structure, spatial distribution of activities, housing and settlement size, natural phenomena, and nonfunctional imagery. Due to the interdependence of the components of this concept with different dimensions of the city, its role in different aspects of sustainability will be undeniable to the extent that one of the most important sources of instability is the city's form. A critical review of the new frameworks for urban planning and redevelopment aimed at achieving sustainability points to a disagreement over the most desirable sustainable urban form. This problem can be solved only by the measurement of the relationship between sustainability indicators and urban form in different case samples with different resolving characteristics and their results can be generalized. This study, using inductive research method and FANP in Pyton, as well as GIS for analyzing spatial data and residents' questionnaires for quality indicators, aimed to evaluate the sustainability levels in the 22regions of Tehran first, and then classify the regions according to the form and spatial structure. Finally, the relationship between urban form and spatial structure with sustainability components in the scale of Tehran's regions was measured. Regression outputs indicate the direct influence of urban form and urban structure parameters on sustainability components in the regions of Tehran.

The impact of pandemics (such as Corona) on public transportation is not the same; however, few studies have addressed the role of mediating criteria in this regard. Therefore, this research, in the form of a descriptive-analytical method, examines the criteria related to the changes in the number of passengers of the Mashhad city train during the Corona era. The statistical population includes passengers of line 2 of the city train at each station in the period 2018-2019 (before Corona) and 2020-09/2021 (after Corona) and service uses of 500 meters around each station. The research variables also include the changes of passengers of line 2 of the city train after the Corona (dependent variable), the population, the income of the residents, and the type of uses around each station (independent variable). After theoretical studies and developing a conceptual model, the location information database of each station, data related to the number of passengers, resident population, people's income, and uses around each station were recorded. The use of descriptive and inferential statistical methods has been the basis of work in this field. The results showed that Corona did not have the same effect on the changes of passengers in line 2 stations, in such a way that the number of passengers increased in 33% of the stations and decreased in 67% of them after Corona. The use of "independent two-sample t", "trend" and "correlation" tests indicated that population variables, income, and user diversity are not related to these changes as mediating variables, while the level and performance of service users showed a significant relationship with this issue. Additional findings from "differentiation analysis" showed that among service uses, the arrangement pattern of commercial and workshop uses is the most important factor in differentiating areas with an increase and decrease in the number of passengers. The adaptation of small-scale commercial uses and their proximity to workshop-production uses in areas with increasing passengers showed the high flexibility of this model compared to large-scale models while facing pandemics, which can be a good guide for future studies.

Today, the importance of livability is due to the increasing awareness of the unstable patterns of urban life and consumption, which are neither healthy nor sustainable and will reduce the quality of the urban environment in the long run. One of the influencing factors on urban livability is municipal solid waste management, which, in addition to economic, environmental, and social benefits for urban communities, is known as one of the environmental components to achieve sustainable development. According to this, the current research was carried out to explain the pattern of urban livability with an emphasis on municipal solid waste management in Islamshahr. This research is a descriptive-correlation study that was conducted through a survey method. The statistical population was the citizens of Islamshahr. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula and 384 people were selected through random stratified sampling. The main tool used in this study is a researcher-made questionnaire, and in order to investigate the impact of the variable of waste management on urban livability, the approach of structural equation modeling by the partial least squares method was used. The findings showed that municipal solid waste management with a path coefficient of 0.693 has a positive and significant effect on the economic dimension of livability, with a path coefficient of 0.598 on the social and cultural dimension of livability and a path coefficient of 0.642 on the environmental dimension of livability, and the improvement of municipal solid waste management leads to the improvement of urban livability in Islamshahr. Finally, according to the results of the research, it is recommended to create a culture for the participation of citizens in waste reduction and separation, as well as the participation of the private sector to invest in waste recycling

Comparing Ebenezer Howard’s Garden city model with the garden cities of developing countries like Iran is more of a fallacy, the feedback of which is the change in the use of agricultural land and the growth of its price, especially in the era of special demand. The special period of demand is the period in which the need to provide private-family leisure space is felt more due to an internal or external factor. One of these periods was the two-year peak period of the Corona virus, which increased the need and demand for private spaces in the vicinity of cities due to the limitations of many urban spaces and the necessity of observing social distances. One of these sources of providing private space for agricultural land was a garden on the outskirts of the city, the tendency to buy which increased during the Corona era. This research, in a descriptive-explanatory manner with a fundamental nature, investigated the limitations of the city's public spaces in the days of Corona and the tendency to buy garden lands around the city of Zanjan and examined the price trends and changes in the use of garden lands in the western suburbs of Zanjan during the Corona period. The data was collected through the library documentary and field methods. The analysis of data was done with the help of aerial photos and Spss software, using stepwise multivariate regression and Pearson statistical models. The results of the research show that the restriction of public spaces caused by Corona in Zanjan city has led to the tendency to buy gardens around Zanjan and the growth of land prices. The need for long-term accommodation in the garden space has led to the change of use in the garden land and the construction of unauthorized buildings. The results of the statistical regression model explain the variance of related variables with a regression coefficient of 69% and show a positive correlation with an appropriate level of significance. There is a strong two-way significant relationship between land price variables and geographic distance, services, and garden facilities at the 95% confidence level with a Pearson coefficient higher than 70.0000 and a significance of Sig=0.0000 in the Pearson statistics.

Councils, as one of the examples of people's participation in the administration and management of cities and the link between neighborhoods and urban management, if used properly, can direct decisions and urban planning while reducing the wastage of resources and provide the means for the development of urban functions. For this purpose, the aim of this research is to identify the role of local councils and communities in the development of urban functions. The present research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of implementation method. The statistical population of this research consisted of 25 academic experts and executive trustees in the field of management and urban planning. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed by the content method and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient method with a value of 0.93. According to the nature of this research, in order to analyze the collected data with the help of the fuzzy Delphi method, Excel and Spss were used and the most important and key effective factors were identified. The findings of this research show that city officials’ and managers’ lack of attention to the important role of councilors and local communities, with a score of 8.3, is considered to have the highest priority among the set of factors for the non-establishment of this institution. Moreover, based on the calculation of the consensus, importance, and priority indicators in the Delphi technique process, the social satisfaction of the neighborhood residents with urban management and creating motivation among local people to participate in neighborhood development projects, with a score of 8.1, is considered the most important effects of councils on the development of urban functions. Therefore, in order to strengthen public participation and develop urban functions, city managers should pay serious attention to providing the grounds for people's participation in decision-making.

The outbreak of the Corona Virus has once again drawn attention to the value of two vital but overlooked security and health benefits. On the one hand, the "disease" has threatened health, and on the other hand, the "epidemic" has jeopardized the sense of public safety and increased fear. In late January 2020, the Iranian media announced that the Corona Virus had spread in Iran. Thus, the issue of public fear arose in the media. Educational, administrative, and job vacancies, that were overcrowded, were closed, and people reacted differently, which indicated that they needed resilience. The present study seeks to analyze the role of factors affecting social resilience in the five areas of Izeh and to investigate the spatial differences in social resilience between these areas. Resilience is a social dimension that results from social differences between societies; that is, the capacity of social groups and communities to recover (return to the original state (from disasters or to respond positively to them). This study followed a descriptive-analytical approach. The statistical population of the study was 50 experts in different fields of health, psychology, sociology, and urban planning. The data collection was carried out through the library and field methods and the analysis of data was done quantitatively. The results showed that each of the thirteen factors found in this research was different in the five areas of Izeh and the social literacy of the areas of Izeh against Corona was different, in a way that the western, central, Noorabad, eastern, and northern districts were in the first to fifth ranks, respectively.