نشریه جغرافیا و توسعه ناحیه ای
سال بیست و یکم شماره 1 (پیاپی 42، بهار 1402)

Goal: The main goal of this research is the analysis of urban livability based on environmental indicator in Mashhad metropolis. Research

The research method of this research is practical in terms of goal, and is descriptive – analytical in terms of methodology. The sample size used for the questionnaires was 402 persons chosen from Mashhad metropolis with the population of 2766258.

To investigate the urban livability in terms of environment, objective indicators and subjective index (questionnaire) were analyzed. Firstly, Entropy model was used to determine the weight of each index, which is as follows: Carbon monoxide = 0.0035, Particulate matter (PM2.5) = 0.5974, sulfur dioxide = 0.0122, nitrogen dioxide = 0.0019, ozone pollutant = 0.0162, air quality index (AQI) = 0.0038, per capital green space = 0.2515, noise pollution = 0.0394, the amount of household waste = 0.0534, and subjective index = 0.0029.

The zone 9 of Mashhad metropolis is the best zone in terms of environmental indicator, followed by zones 7 and 8, respectively. By contrast, zones 1, 2 and 6 had the worst conditions in terms of environmental indicator, respectively.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of the role of migrant rural households in the informal sector of the urban economy. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method. In this regard, the impact of rural migrants in the informal sector of the urban economy was examined in 300 cases (migrants). For this purpose, first, in addition to documentary studies and initial field visits, a wide range of indicators were determined in accordance with the conditions of the studied villages. Then data collection was performed based on selected indicators. Statistical and spatial analysis and SPSS and ArcGIS software were used to analyze the data. According to Friedman test, the economic factor with an average (4.21) had the highest rank in the analysis of the effects of rural immigrants in the informal urban economy and the security factor with an average (3.46) of the lowest Has been rated. On the other hand, due to the lack of job opportunities in rural villages, migration has taken shape, and on the other hand, the lack of expertise in immigrants causes them to work in the informal sector and affect the informal urban economy. Therefore, by adopting appropriate strategies, the necessary ground should be provided to reduce these migrations in the villages and the survival of the villagers.

In recent decades, urban-rural relations in developing countries have undergone many changes compared to the past, and in some rural areas, it has led to changes in the appearance of areas, changes in the shape of houses, and changes in land use. In the meantime, capitals from cities have entered the villages, which has played an important role in rural development. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the role of urban financial capital in rural settlements of Sanbal-Abad village (tributary of Abhar city).

The type of applied research and the method used was descriptive-analytical and field based on completing the questionnaire, statistical methods (one-sample t-test and multivariate regression) and Vicor model were used to analyze the data.Findings/

The findings of the one-sample t-test showed that there is a significant relationship between all the components, which indicates the positive effects of financial capital in rural development. For all the components, the average was evaluated higher than numerical desirability (3). The results of the regression fitting model showed that the entry of capital into rural areas with a significance level of 0.715 explains the relationship between independent and dependent variables in the study area. Finally, the results of Vicor model showed that the spatial analysis of the distribution of villages in indicators (services, industry, infrastructure and agriculture) shows a significant difference. So that Sanbal Abad village with a rank of 0.005 is the highest and Shalwar village with a rank of (1) due to the lack of communication infrastructures and geographical isolation has the lowest rank in terms of having the amount of financial capital originating from the city. Among the villages, they have allocated the case.

Review

The aim of this study was to evaluate and identify the trend of historical patterns of urban growth, simulate and predict the size and future growth of Zahedan city, and seek to investigate and identify the intervening factors in determining the intelligent direction of urban areas and the intention to answer this key question whether the growth of Zahedan urban area is in accordance with the prepared and planned patterns and matched with the population. Results/

The results showed that the historical growth trend of Zahedan city will be mostly based on organic growth, growth based on road orientation and urban areas growth as edge and future growth of the city internally and then on the edges of the existing texture. The results of the future growth of Zahedan city showed that further growth will be toward the west and parts of the south, which considering the desirability of land development in the western half, makes the pattern and the growth rate of the range in the future logical and appropriate.

One of the important issues of urban sustainability is paying attention to the indicators and contexts of creating social sustainability. Meanwhile, the neighborhood on a physical-social basis can play a very important role in the development of urban sustainability and its dimensions are used as one of the most important and key tools in planning. The aim of this study was to investigate the situation of social stability in District 1 Region 9 of Tehran by the descriptive-analytical method. Based on sample size and spatial sampling, 383 households were selected and questionnaires were distributed among them. For data analysis, McGrannhan's technique was used and spatial analysis was performed using Moran Kelly extensions and hot and cold spot extensions in Arc GIS software. The final results of McGrannhan's technique were calculated based on urban blocks and identified with the final social sustainability map. The final results of McGrannhan's technique were calculated based on urban blocks and identified with the final social sustainability map. the situation of social stability in the western parts of the district, the southern parts of the Ostad Moin neighborhood, and the western part of the Dastgheib neighborhood is favorable, and this rate is unfavorable in the eastern part of the district, the southern part of Hoshyar neighborhood and the eastern part of Dastgheib neighborhood. The highest level of stability is in the Moin Ostad neighborhood and the central and western parts of the Dastgheib neighborhood and the lowest level of stability is in the Hoshyar neighborhood; Therefore, in order to increase the level of social stability in area one of the nine districts of Tehran, the need to create areas to facilitate the flow of renovation and increase participation, increase the areas of security and satisfaction of residents, is necessary.

With the growth of globalization and rapid change in the global space, the issue of regional competitiveness has become increasingly important to accelerate regional development. For this purpose, the present study tries to investigate the factors affecting regional competitiveness in East Azerbaijan province using a future research approach. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. Both library and field methods have been used to collect the required information. Using the library method, the theoretical foundations, the background of the subject and the collection of effective factors in the competitiveness of East Azerbaijan province have been studied; In the field method, the required information has been completed by using the Delphi method and various questionnaires. In this study, the dimensions and indicators obtained from the library method using a questionnaire in two stages (the first stage of 82 closed questions and one open question and in the second stage of 84 closed questions) to obtain the final factors. It was provided to the members of the Delphi panel, and finally 84 variables in different dimensions were selected to examine the competitiveness of the regions of East Azerbaijan province. Micmac software was also used to analyze the data. Findings show that out of a total of 84 influential factors, 16 factors play a key role in the competitiveness of the regions of East Azerbaijan province, of which 8 variables related to the economic dimension; 3 variables related to the institutional-political dimension; There are 3 variables related to the socio-cultural dimension and 2 variables related to the infrastructure dimension.

.Regional development as one of the types of development can play an important role in the sustainable development of regions and also have a great impact on the progress and all-round development of provinces. Ilam province has many economic, social and... However, this capacity has not been used so far. The purpose of this research is to formulate strategic and strategic policies for the regional development of Bangah in the future in Ilam province. Thus, the research method in this article is descriptive and analytical. And the required information was prepared by documentary and survey method (questionnaire). And based on the first step in the strategic planning process, Meta SWOT is used. This regional sustainable development strategy model was identified to determine the resources and capabilities of Ilam province to compare regional competitiveness with neighboring provinces, and finally, the following results were obtained through PESTSL analysis: among the major factors of private sector investment, trade despite the border location, increasing provincial budgets and credits, avoiding political views Regarding management issues, the macro management of the country has the highest influence on the regional development of Ilam province. Also, border transportation, industries and mines, border market, water resources and agricultural lands as the most important development capabilities of the region have the most strategic fit with macro factors. Therefore, in the final analysis of the obtained results, it can be said; In the competitive discussion, Ilam province has an equal position with the western provinces of the country for the development of the region, economically and socially, which should use this position according to the presented strategies and introduce itself as the pole of the region's development.

The phenomenon of irregular migration from the village to the city is one of the biggest problems of most third world countries, including Iran. One of the most important ways to solve these problems is to encourage reverse migration to rural areas. For this reason, knowing the factors affecting reverse migration has been the subject of various researches. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting reverse migration from urban areas of Kermanshah City to rural areas. This research is practical in terms of purpose. In terms of data collection, in the stage of designing the theoretical foundations and preparing the questionnaire, the documentary method was used, and in the stage of data collection, a survey was made using the researcher's questionnaire. Data analysis is also done with the help of descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population is the households that have migrated to the villages of Kermanshah during the last 5 years. Questionnaires were randomly distributed among 384 households from the statistical population, and 371 questionnaires were completed. The data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis. According to the existing tests, the 9 studied factors that were able to explain 62 percent of the variance of 38 items related to the factors affecting reverse migration, respectively are: housing, household income and expenditure, cultural-biological factor, access to educational and health services, physical factor, job opportunities factor in the rural environment, belongingness and nativeness factor, tourism attractions and handicrafts factor and Finally, the least influential factor on reverse migration is the government's support policies for the villagers.

As one of the basic human needs, housing has a significant impact on the health and quality of life of people. As one of the main foundations of a comprehensive plan, the quality of housing has a special place in urban planning and biophilic architecture, which is one of the most important urban approaches in the field of housing. The purpose of this research is to identify the indicators of improving the quality of conventional urban housing with an emphasis on biophilic architecture and evaluate them in district one of Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytical and data collection is done in two documentary and field methods. Using content analysis, the research indicators were collected and then evaluated by questionnaire and Delphi method (10 people). After confirming the indicators, Tehran's first district was evaluated by 150 people in terms of these indicators. Analyzes were done in SPSS software and using Friedman's test. The result of the Delphi research showed that 45 indicators are effective for improving the quality of housing based on biophilic architecture and these indicators were categorized into 5 general components. Also, the satisfaction indicators of conventional housing were categorized into two categories of internal and external factors (20 indicators). The result of Friedman's test at the level of less than 0.05 confirmed that there is a significant difference between the indicators of the quality of conventional housing in the first district of Tehran. Road condition index of the coverage and width of roads with an average of 30.88 and then historical preservation and urban restoration with an average of 29.17 have a better condition than other indicators. Pearson's correlation also indicates the existence of a significant relationship and influence at a level of less than 0.01 between the components of conventional urban housing quality in architecture.

With the expansion of metropolises in developed and especially less developed countries, the surrounding areas of cities have been exposed to the greatest amount of changes and transformations. his dynamic led to the emergence of different spatial territories and residential forms in the surroundings of cities, one of these residential forms is the growth of second homes. The purpose of the present research is to investigate the factors affecting the formation of second homes in the peri-urban areas of Mazandaran province. This research is based on the practical purpose and on the basis of the descriptive and contextualization method and the library and field data collection method. On the one hand, the statistical population of the research consists of 2886 owners of second homes, which was estimated to be 339 using Cochran's formula. And on the other hand, the statistical community is made up of experts from Jihad agricultural, environmental, governorate and university organizations, 20 of whom were selected as a snowball.To analyze the data, the Delphi technique and Micmac analysis were used. The results of the research showed that among the 19 drivers identified in the Delphi technique, the speculation of real estate consultants, the inefficiency of the laws and regulations related to construction in peri-urban areas, the separation of lands due to the inheritance law and the adaptation of the proposed village area to the future spatial development pattern, with The use of M&M analysis are considered as key drivers, because they are both controllable and affect the dynamics and change of the system.